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Series of divergence measures of type k, information inequalities and particular cases
Get PDFInformation and Divergence measures deals with the study of problems concerning information processing, information storage, information retrieval and decision making. The purpose of this paper is to find a new series of divergence measures and their applications, discuss the mathematical tools for finding convexity of the functions. Applications of convex functions in information theory, relationship between new and well-known divergence measures are discussed. Also some new bounds have been established for divergence measures using new f divergence measures and its properties
A Conversation-Based Intelligent Tutoring System Benefits Adult Readers with Low Literacy Skills
No full textThis article introduces three distinctive features of a conversation-based intelligent tutoring system called AutoTutor. AutoTutor was designed to teach low literacy adult learners comprehension strategies across different levels of discourse processing. In AutoTutor, three-way conversations take place between two computers agents (a teacher agent and a peer agent) and a human learner. Computer agents scaffold learning by asking questions and providing feedback. The interface of AutoTutor is simple and easy to use and addresses the special technology needs of adult learners. One of AutoTutor’s strengths is that it is adaptive and as such can provide individualized instruction for the diverse population of adult literacy students. The adaptivity of AutoTutor is achieved by assessing learners’ performance and branching them into conditions with different difficulty level. Data from a reading comprehension intervention suggest that adult literacy students benefit from using AutoTutor. Such learning benefits may be increased by enhancing the adaptivity of AutoTutor. This may be accomplished by tailoring instruction and materials to meet the various needs of the individuals with low literacy skills
Diagnostic assessment of adults\u27 reading deficiencies in an intelligent tutoring system
No full textIn this paper, we investigate whether a version of AutoTutor that teaches comprehension strategies can be used to diagnose reading deficiencies in adults with low literacy. We hypothesized that the speed and accuracy with which participants answered questions during the AutoTutor conversation could be diagnostic of their mastery of reading comprehension components: Words, the explicit textbase, the situation model, and rhetorical structure. We used linear mixed effect models to compare the accuracy and response times of 52 low literacy adults who worked on 29 AutoTutor lessons during a four-month intervention period. Our results show that adults\u27 response accuracy for questions addressing more basic reading components (e.g., meaning of words) was higher than for those pertaining to deeper discourse levels. In contrast, question response time did not vary significantly among the theoretical levels. A correlation analysis between theoretical levels and performance (accuracy and time) supported this trend. These results affirm that adults with low literacy tend to have more proficiency for basic reading levels than for deeper discourse levels. In addition, the results of exact binomial test showed that hints or prompts were effective in scaffolding learning reading. Furthermore, we describe how response accuracy on the four comprehension components can provide a more nuanced diagnosis of reading problems than a single overall performance score. More fine-grained diagnoses can assist both educators wanting more detailed insight into learner difficulties, and ITS developers looking to improve the personalization and adaptivity of learning environments
An Examination Of Best Practices And Strategies Of Developmental Integrated Reading And Writing (Irw) Instructors And The Impact Of Persistence
No full textThis study examined the instructional strategies and approaches used to engage Non-College Ready (NCR) Integrated Reading and Writing (IRW) students enrolled in developmental education at an HBCU in a southern state. The goal for developmental education programs is to increase students’ knowledge and skills to be able to matriculate successfully through college-level courses. A shift in developmental education currently reflects programs that focus on allowing students to matriculate through the required courses thereby increasing competition and graduation rates. This change involves offering paired classes that allow students to accelerate through the courses enrolled in developmental education courses and college credit courses.
Lubienski (2007) explained that developmental instructors must continue to learn new teaching strategies needed to teach developmental students. (Datray, Saxon, & Martirosyan, 2014) concluded, it is essential for faculty to gain knowledge and learn new strategies for disseminating information to students; they must have access to new effective techniques. Bailey et al. (2016) recommends that developmental instructors are equipped with quality resources, trainings, and materials they need to effectively provide quality lessons to the students they teach.
Despite the differences, one constant in the research indicates that developmental programs that employ a foundation of organizational and teaching strategies have a correlation to higher passing and completion rates in courses, better grades, and improved rates of retention (Boylan, Bonham, & White, 1999, p. 94). To that end, the questions that guided this study were:
Research question 1 What type of teaching methods do HBCU instructors at a four-year college employ to address developmental learners?
Research question 2 What strategies are the HBCU instructors at a four-year college employing to engage developmental learners?
Research question 3 What professional development resources are used by HBCU developmental instructors to improve their professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness?
Research question 4 How has the IRW instructor’s professional preparation influenced instructional techniques and strategies in the developmental co-requisite course ENGL 0111 at a four HBCU?
Summary
The phenomenological qualitative research was examined by the researcher revealing the lived experiences of the five Integrated Reading and Writing Instructors at a HBCU. The participants’ perspectives provided the researcher with data that was used to determine significant central themes. The data derived from the questionnaire, face-to-face interviews, notes, member checking, and documentation of demographic data, lead the researcher to identify four central themes which included: (1) Teaching to Different Learning Styles, (2) Engagement, (3) Enhance Instructional Effectiveness and (4) Adaptability. The participants’ responses revealed the needs of the students are a dominant factor for determining the most effective teaching strategies and best practices to impact student success.
Keywords: Integrated reading and writing, persistence, co-requisit
Analysis of Two Stage M[X1],M[X2]/G1,G2/1 Retrial G-queue with Discretionary Priority Services, Working Breakdown, Bernoulli Vacation, Preferred and Impatient Units
Get PDFIn this paper, we study M[X1] , M[X2] /G1 ,G2 /1 retrial queueing system with discretionary priority services. There are two stages of service for the ordinary units. During the first stage of service of the ordinary unit, arriving priority units can have an option to interrupt the service, but, in the second stage of service it cannot interrupt. When ordinary units enter the system, they may get the service even if the server is busy with the first stage of service of an ordinary unit or may enter into the orbit or leave the system. Also, the system may breakdown at any point of time when the server is in regular service period. During the breakdown period, the interrupted priority unit will get the fresh service at a slower rate but the ordinary unit can not get the service and the server will go for repair immediately. During the ordinary unit service period, the arrival of negative unit will interrupt the service and it may enter into an orbit or leave the system. After completion of each priority unit’s service, the server goes for a vacation with a certain probability. We allow reneging to happen during repair and vacation periods. Using the supplementary variable technique, the Laplace transforms of time-dependent probabilities of system state are derived. From this, we deduce the steady-state results. Also, the expected number of units in the respective queues and the expected waiting times, are computed. Finally, the numerical results are graphically expressed
A New Successive Linearization Approach for Solving Nonlinear Programming Problems
Get PDFIn this paper, we focused on general nonlinear programming (NLP) problems having m nonlinear (or linear) algebraic inequality (or equality or mixed) constraints with a nonlinear (or linear) algebraic objective function in n variables. We proposed a new two-phase-successive linearization approach for solving NLP problems. Aim of this proposed approach is to find a solution of the NLP problem, based on optimal solution of linear programming (LP) problems, satisfying the nonlinear constraints oversensitively. This approach leads to novel methods. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the approach
Integral Inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard Type Via Green Function and Applications
Get PDFIn this study, we establish some Hermite- Hadamard type inequalities for functions whose second derivatives absolute value are convex. In accordance with this purpose, we obtain an identity using Green\u27s function. Then using this equality we get our main results
Closed Form Solutions of Unsteady Two Fluid Flow in a Tube
Get PDFExact closed form solutions for the mathematical model of unsteady two fluid flow in a circular tube are presented. The pressure gradient is assumed to be oscillatory or exponentially increasing or decreasing in time. The instantaneous velocity prof iles and flow rates depend on the size of the core fluid, the density ratio, the viscosity ratio, and a parameter (e.g. the Womersley number) quantifying time changes. Applications include blood flow in small vessels
Generalized Growth and Faber Polynomial Approximation Of Entire Functions of Several Complex Variables in Some Banach Spaces
Get PDFIn this paper the relationship between the generalized order of growth of entire functions of many complex variables m(m ≥ 2) over Jordan domains and the sequence of Faber polynomial approximations in some Banach spaces has been investigated. Our results improve the various results shown in the literature
Application of Reduced Differential Transform Method for Solving Two-dimensional Volterra Integral Equations of the Second Kind
Get PDFIn this paper, we propose new theorems of the reduced differential transform method (RDTM) for solving a class of two-dimensional linear and nonlinear Volterra integral equations (VIEs) of the second kind. The advantage of this method is its simplicity in using. It solves the equations straightforward and directly without using perturbation, Adomian’s polynomial, linearization or any other transformation and gives the solution as convergent power series with simply determinable components. Also, six examples and numerical results are provided so as to validate the reliability and efficiency of the method