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Exact Reliability for Consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F System with Equal and Unequal Components Probabilities
Get PDFA consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F system consists of n linear ordered components such that the system fails if and only if there exist a set of r consecutive linear component that contains at least k failed components. Consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F system has been considered in many fields such as reliability analysis. All recent efforts in this area have been focused on acquiring band or approximation for their reliability such that less attention has been paid to their closed form and exact reliability in the literature. In the present paper, with designing an innovative algorithm the exact reliability for extensive class of consecutive k-out-of-r-from-n: F system is obtained. Specially this task for equal and unequal components probabilities is done. Finally, the numerical results for calculating the exact reliability in extensive class of this strategic systems were applied
Cubic Interior Ideals in Semigroups
Get PDFIn this paper we apply the cubic set theory to interior ideals of a semigroup. The notion of cubic interior ideals is introduced, and related properties are investigated. Characterizations of (cubic) interior ideals are established, and conditions for a semigroup to be left (right) simple are provided
Transient thermal stresses due to axisymmetric heat supply in a semi-infinite thick circular plate
Get PDFThe present paper deals with the determination of thermal stresses in a semi-infinite thick circular plate of a finite length and infinite extent subjected to an axisymmetric heat supply. A thick circular plate is considered having constant initial temperature and arbitrary heat flux is applied on the upper and lower face. The governing heat conduction equation has been solved by using integral transform technique. The results are obtained in terms of Bessel’s function. The thermoelastic behavior has been computed numerically and illustrated graphically for a steel plate
q-Sumudu transforms pertaining to the product of family of q-polynomials and generalized basic hypergeometric functions
Get PDFThe prime objective of commenced article is to determine q-Sumudu transforms of a product of unified family of q-polynomials with basic (or q-) analog of Fox’s H-function and q-analog of I-functions. Specialized cases of the leading outcome are further evaluated as q-Sumudu transform of general class of q-polynomials and q-Sumudu transforms of the basic analogs of Fox’s H-function and I-functions
Optimum turf grass irrigation requirements and corresponding water- energy-CO2 Nexus across Harris County, Texas
No full textHarris County is one of the most populated counties in the United States. About 30% of domestic water use in the U.S. is for outdoor activities, especially landscape irrigation and gardening. Optimum landscape and garden irrigation contributes to substantial water and energy savings and a substantial reduction of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere. Thus, the objectives of this work are to (i) calculate site-specific turf grass irrigation water requirements across Harris County and (ii) calculate CO2 emission reductions and water and energy savings across the county if optimum turf grass irrigation is adopted. The Irrigation Management System was used with site-specific soil hydrological data, turf crop water uptake parameters (root distribution and crop coefficient), and long-term daily rainfall and reference evapotranspiration to calculate irrigation water demand across Harris County. The Irrigation Management System outputs include irrigation requirements, runoff, and drainage below the root system. Savings in turf irrigation requirements and energy and their corresponding reduction in CO2 emission were calculated. Irrigation water requirements decreased moving across the county from its north-west to its south-east corners. However, the opposite happened for the runoff and excess drainage below the rootzone. The main reason for this variability is the combined effect of rainfall, reference evapotranspiration, and soil types. Based on the result, if the average annual irrigation water use across the county is 25 mm higher than the optimum level, this will result in 10.45 million m3 of water losses (equivalent water use for 30,561 single families), 4413 MWh excess energy use, and the emission of 2599 metric tons of CO2
Modeling and control of a spherical inverted pendulum with actuator saturation
No full textThis paper studies the modeling and control of a spherical inverted pendulum (SIP). The SIP is deemed to be a reasonable model for rocket-propelled body and is often used to test advanced control strategies. The mathematic model is derived based on a Quanser two degrees-of-freedom inverted pendulum commercial product. The pendulum is mounted on a five-bar mechanism that is actuated by two rotary servo base units. Unlike conventional assumption that the two motors are allowed to rotate simultaneously, we assume a more challenging scenario that at one time only one motor is working. The system is hence modeled as a switched system as two motors have to be switched in order to balance the pendulum at its unstable equilibrium. Switched controllers, together with a switching strategy are developed to ensure the stability of the system and satisfy a disturbance attenuation performance index. Simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method
Effect of particle breakage conditions on child particle aspect ratio
No full textIn particulate processes, the goal is often to control the particle size and aspect ratio distributions. One common unit operation is solution crystallization in agitated vessels, where a rotating impeller can break newly formed crystals. This study used sodium chloride crystals in three sets of laboratory scale experiments to investigate the effects of agitation rate, parent particle size, and solids concentration on crystal breakage. The first set used agitation rates of 1000, 1250, 1750, and 2000 rpm; the second set used average parent particle lengths of 569, 656, 3350, and 4690 μm; and the third set used solids concentrations of 1, 5, 7, and 10 g crystals/100 ml liquid. As expected, increasing the agitation rate produced a higher number fraction of particles smaller than 50 μm. The resulting child particle aspect ratios were primarily a function of the child particle size under the conditions studied
Electrodeposition of Ginseng/Polyaniline Encapsulated Poly(lactic-co-glycolic Acid) Microcapsule Coating on Stainless Steel 316L at Different Deposition Parameters
No full textElectrodeposition is commonly used to deposit ceramic or metal coating on metallic implants. Its utilization in depositing polymer microcapsule coating is currently being explored. However, there is no encapsulation of drug within polymer microcapsules that will enhance its chemical and biological properties. Therefore, in this study, ginseng which is known for its multiple therapeutic effects was encapsulated inside biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microcapsules to be coated on pre-treated medical grade stainless steel 316L (SS316L) using an electrodeposition technique. Polyaniline (PANI) was incorporated within the microcapsules to drive the formation of microcapsule coating. The electrodeposition was performed at different current densities (1–3mA) and different deposition times (20–60s). The chemical composition, morphology and wettability of the microcapsule coatings were characterized through attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle analyses. The changes of electrolyte colors, before and after the electrodeposition were also observed. The addition of PANI has formed low wettability and uniform microcapsule coatings at 2mA current density and 40s deposition time. Reduction in the current density or deposition time caused less attachment of microcapsule coatings with high wettability records. While prolonging either one parameter has led to debris formation and melted microcapsules with non-uniform wettability measurements. The color of electrolytes was also changed from milky white to dark yellow when the current density and deposition time increased. The application of tolerable current density and deposition time is crucial to obtain a uniform microcapsule coating, projecting a controlled release of encapsulated drug
Phytochemical evaluation and antioxidant activities of spilanthes calva DC.
No full textMany active chemical substances are synthesized from plants especially medicinal plants; some substances of them produce important pharmacological effects on various physiological systems of organisms. In this study, ethanolic extract of whole part of the plant Spilanthes calva (Family- Asteraceae) was taken to explore phytochemicals and antioxidant activities. The phytochemical research of the plant extract exhibited the existence of glycosides, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids, alkaloids gums, phenolic compounds, steroids, proteins & amino acids, acidic compounds etc. The percentage yield of extract was found to be 1.54% w/w. In DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Assay, the IC50value of extract was 32.42 µg/ml where the IC50 value of ascorbic acid (standard antioxidant) was 12.90 µg/ml. Ethanol extract showed considerable total phenolic content(TPC) of 459.89 mg GAE/gm of dry extract by using Gallic acid calibration curve, total flavonoid content(TFC) of 123.59 mg QE/gm of dry extract by using Quercetin calibration curve and total tannin content (TTC) of 22.83 mg GAE /gm of dry extract by using Gallic acid calibration curve. The above study suggests that the plant may be an important source of natural products of health benefits
An Innovative New Approach to Animal Care
No full textAgricultural communities in rural areas often difficulty to attain expedient information and resources for their animal health issues. Most veterinarians are usually more than an hour away from the farmers, and in most cases animal health issues are only addressable through phone conversation. Advances in technology have enabled many human health problems to be investigated through telemedicine approaches, and it is believed that a similar approach could improve access and quality of veterinary care, especially in remote locations. The appropriate application of telemedicine can enhance animal care in rural communities by facilitating expedient communication, diagnostics, and possible treatment recommendations, client education improvement, vet visit scheduling, and other tasks. In addition, a telemedicine system could be linked to a strong distance education program that could provide multi-media resources for consumers so that they cannot just solve a crisis, but they can be better informed and thereby prevent medical crises. This project seeks to expand a web-based system and smart device app that will serve as a distance learning and a telemedicine tool to assist farmers in getting immediate support and reaching veterinary care professionals and extension agents. We believe that this service will be a powerful tool to assist animal producers in managing their animals, and to provide them the ability to obtain possible solution for problem they may encounter. We accomplish this by providing access to a database with any smart media device. This database contains simple to understand information with accompanying videos and pictures