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TERPENE PROFILE of DIETARY HERBS (Alstonia boonei, Securidaca longepedunculata and Uvaria chamae) from SOUTH-EASTERN NIGERIA
No full textBackground: Tarpenes are phytochemicals found in plants especially cannabis. They are sometimes called terpenoids which are the primary constituents of the essential oil. Terpenes are used in cosmetics, perfumes production, traditional medicines and as a food additive to improve aroma. Vitamin A is a form of terpene. Objective: This study determined the terpene profile of dietary herbs (Alstonia boonei, Securidaca longepedunculata and Uvaria chamae) from South-eastern Nigeria. Methods: Alstonia boonei stem bark, Securidaca longepedunculata roots and Uvaria chamae roots were obtained from the forest at Akama in Orsu Local government Area, Imo State, Nigeria. The samples were washed and air dried for 2 weeks at 26oC, oven dried in air hot cabinet oven at of 60O for 30 minutes. The dried materials were ground to powder with Marlex electroline grinder. Obtained powder was analyzed for the presence of terpene content using full evaporation technique (FET) headspace gas chromatography flame ionization detector (GC-FID) method. This analysis was performed by Anresco laboratories, San Francisco, CA, United State of America. The percentage content of the terpenes was reported in Tables. Results: Results showed presence of terpenes in unquantifiable amounts in bark of Alstonia booneii stem, presence of only α-bisabolol in quantifiable amount in roots of Securidaca longepedunculata and α-pinene, α-humelene, menthol, camphene, β-myrcene, d 3-carene, p-cymene and isopulegol in Uvaria chamae roots. Conclusion: The terpene levels of the herbs compared to the levels in cannabis were low
Examining reciprocal influence between posttraumatic stress and depressive symptoms among natural disaster survivors
No full textBackground: The current study examined reciprocal effects of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) among individuals affected by Hurricane Ike, which made landfall on September 13, 2008 Methods: Participants were 658 survivors, who participated in the Galveston Bay Recovery Study (GBRS; National Center for Disaster Mental Health Research, Galea, and Norris, 2016). Assessment was conducted at 3, 6, and 15 months after the disaster. Bivariate latent change score modeling was conducted to examine the nature of the time-sequential associations between symptoms of PTSD and MDD Results: Results revealed a unidirectional coupling effect from depression to change in PTSD, but unidirectional coupling effect from PTSD to change in depression was not supported. Limitations: Only linear relations of within-individual change and time-sequential associations between PTSD and depression were examined, and therefore, it precludes potential nonlinear relations between these constructs. Also, the results of the current study are limited to the studied timespan (i.e., 3 to 15 months). Lastly, other factors that could be confounding the change in PTSD symptoms were not examined, leaving a possibility of other constructs that may influence the change in future PTSD symptoms Conclusions: The current study suggests that disaster survivors with higher symptoms of depression may be at higher risk of experiencing increased PTSD symptoms even after one year, raising an importance of tailoring a treatment to alleviate depressive symptoms and to mitigate the risk of future symptoms of PTS
Geometrical interpretation of the electrostatic potential created by a uniformly charged straight wire
No full textUniformly charged regular bodies have always been of great interest to physics as well as to several other scientific disciplines. In this work, we consider a uniformly charged straight wire with finite length and calculate the electrostatic potential created at an arbitrary point in space. The resulting expression obtained from direct integration techniques is transformed in such a way as to lead to a very insightful geometrical interpretation. It is shown that the final result depends only on the distances of the two end points of the straight wire from of the arbitrary point of interest in space. This observation leads to the immediate identification of the nature of the equipotential surfaces around a uniformly charged straight wire
Personal growth Initiative: A robust and malleable predictor of treatment outcome for depressed partial hospital patients
No full textBackground: Current methods for treating depressive disorders ineffectively treat large portions of patients. We need to identify malleable factors that predict treatment outcome and can be modified prior to or concurrently with treatment to enhance outcomes. We examined personal growth initiative (PGI) as a malleable predictor of treatment outcome for depressed patients in partial hospital treatment. Methods: Archival data were extracted from medical records of 521 adult patients with depression diagnoses (67.2% women) in a partial hospital program (2008 – 2010). Demographic data and admission and discharge scores for depression and PGI were extracted. ANCOVA assessed the extent to which reliable or clinically significant change in PGI predicted level of depression at discharge, controlling for admission depression levels. Results: PGI and depression were significantly correlated at admission. PGI scores increased significantly from admission to discharge. Reliable and clinically significant improvement in PGI each significantly, uniquely, and negatively predicted depression at discharge, adjusting for admission depression. Limitations: The correlational nature of the longitudinal design precludes definitive statements regarding causality. A large portion of the initial sample was dropped due to substantial missing data, yielding the final N = 521. Dropped patients had higher levels of depression at discharge and increased likelihood of leaving treatment against medical advice, raising concerns about potential other, unmeasured differences. Conclusions: Our findings confirm the utility of PGI as a malleable predictor of treatment outcome for depressed patients in partial hospital treatment and may have implications for using PGI-based interventions to enhance treatment outcomes
Some Results of Double Sequences in 2-Normed and n-Normed Spaces
Get PDFThe primary purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of double sequences in 2-normed space. We provide a simple way to derive a norm from the standard 2-norm by using double sequences when a 2-normed space is given. Equivalence relation between derived norm and the usual norm are established. Using this derived norm, we examine the completeness property of a 2-normed space and we extend the results to n-normed spaces
Classification of Solutions of Non-homogeneous Non-linear Second Order Neutral Delay Dynamic Equations with Positive and Negative Coefficients
Get PDFIn this paper we have studied the non-homogeneous non-linear second order neutral delay dynamic equations with positive and negative coefficients of the form classified all solutions of this type equations and obtained conditions for the existence or non-existence of solutions into four classes and these four classes are mutually disjoint. Examples are included to illustrate the validation of the main results
Exact Solutions for Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Models in f(R) Theory of Gravity
Get PDFIn this paper, we attempt to study spatially homogeneous Bianchi type-I cosmological models in f(R) theory of gravity. The exact solutions of the Einstein’s field equations (EFEs) have been obtained by assuming that the expansion θ is proportional to the shear δ and by using a special form of Hubble parameter (HP). Here we find two exact solutions by using the variation law of H based on two different values of n. The physical and geometrical properties of these models have been discussed and the function f(R) of the Ricci scalar R is obtained for each case
Hydrolysis and interactions of D-cellobiose with polycarboxylic acids
No full textThe hydrolysis of cellulose model compound D-cellobiose was studied with a series of eight common polycarboxylic acids and two monocarboxylic acids in aqueous medium using 0.500 mmol -COOH/L at 170 °C. The maleic acid showed the highest catalytic activity with turnover frequency (TOF) of 29.5 h−1. The interaction of carboxylic acids with D-cellobiose in DMSO‑d6 was studied by determination of the pseudo first-order rate constant kH of anomeric -OH exchange rate in cellobiose using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The maleic, oxalic and citric acids showed infinitely large kH values indicating very strong interactions with D-cellobiose. The next highest interactions were found with phthalic acid (kH = 248.8 Hz). The FT-IR studies showed significant carboxylic acid C=O stretching frequency shifts (ΔνC=O) of 12, 13 and 10 cm−1 for maleic, oxalic and acetic acids respectively in mixtures with D-cellobiose
Evaluation of phytotoxicity of three organic amendments to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay
No full textSmall-scale vegetable and fruit crop producers in the USA use locally available commercial organic fertilizers and soil amendments recycled from municipal and agricultural wastes. Organic soil amendments provide crops with their nutrient needs and maintain soil health by modifying its physical, chemical, and biological properties. However, organic soil amendments might add unwanted elements such as toxic heavy metals or salts, which might inhibit crop growth and reduce yield. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate phytotoxicity of three commercial organic amendments, chicken manure, milorganite, and dairy manure, to collard greens using the seed germination bioassay and chemical analysis of the organic amendments. The seed germination bioassay was conducted by incubating collard greens seeds to germinate in 1:10 (w/v) organic amendment aqueous extracts. Results of this work identified phytotoxic effects of chicken manure and milorganite, but not dairy manure, to collard greens. Potentially phytotoxic chemicals such as copper, zinc, nickel, and salts were also higher in chicken manure and milorganite compared to dairy manure. In particular, nickel in chicken manure and milorganite aqueous extracts was 28-fold and 21-fold, respectively, higher than previously reported toxic levels to wheat seedlings. The results demonstrate the need for more research on phytotoxicity of commercial organic soil amendments to ensure their safe use in vegetable and fruit crop production systems
