HAL Clermont Université
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De la fabrique des histoires aux nouvelles fictions sociales. Entretien avec Christian Salmon
No full textInternational audienceoeuvres) sont susceptibles d' être soumis à des autorisations d'usage spécifiques.</div
Agricultural shocks and long-term conflict risk: Evidence from desert locust swarms
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Time Series for QFFE: Special Issue of the Journal of Time Series Analysis
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État des lieux des connaissances des orthophonistes et des parents de jeunes enfants sur la tétine et son utilisation prolongée :élaboration d’une brochure d’information et de prévention
No full textIntroduction: sucking is an innate reflex which represents an infant's need. This leads many parents to choose to give their child a pacifier to soothe them. However, pacifier use is the subject of much controversy, and recommendations for parents vary. Prolonged use can become harmful and have many consequences. Healthcare professionals lack clear and unanimous recommendations on this subject. This study aims to assess the knowledge and practices of speech-language pathologists and parents of young children regarding pacifiers and their prolonged use, with the aim of creating an information and prevention resource and assessing its relevance.Materials and Methods: a questionnaire survey was conducted, addressed to parents of children aged 0 to 6 years and to speech-language pathologists, respectively. The aim was to gather participants' habits, practices and knowledge about pacifiers and the risks of their prolonged use. A prevention and information brochure was then developed. The relevance of the support was assessed using satisfaction questionnaires sent to volunteer respondents.Results and discussion: pacifiers are a familiar object to many parents who participated in the study. Speech-language pathologists and parents of young children have good overall knowledge of the functional aspects that can be altered by prolonged pacifier use (dental growth, articulation, language development). The emotional, psychological, and cognitive repercussions are less well known among parents and deserve to be better communicated by professionals. The brochure designed contributes to improve prevention regarding pacifier use according to 40 parents (95.25%) and 47 speech-language pathologists (92.16%).Conclusion and outlook: pacifier use must continue to be the subject of preventive actions aimed at parents as well as all health professionals likely to be confronted with this problem to allow a more global vision of the possible repercussions of prolonged use.Introduction : la succion est un réflexe inné représentant un besoin du nourrisson, ce qui amène de nombreux parents à donner une tétine à leur enfant pour l’apaiser. Or, la tétine fait l’objet de nombreuses controverses et les recommandations à fournir aux parents sont variables. Si cet usage est prolongé, il devient néfaste et engendre des conséquences sur de nombreux aspects. Les professionnels de santé ne disposent pas de recommandations claires et unanimes à ce sujet. Ce travail vise à établir un état des lieux des connaissances et pratiques des orthophonistes et des parents de jeunes enfants sur la tétine et son utilisation prolongée, dans le but de créer un support d’information et de prévention et d’en évaluer la pertinence.Matériel et méthode : une enquête par questionnaires adressés respectivement à des parents d’enfants de 0 à 6 ans et à des orthophonistes a été menée. La finalité était de recueillir les habitudes, pratiques et connaissances des participants sur la tétine et les risques de son utilisation prolongée. Une brochure de prévention et d’information a ensuite été élaborée. La pertinence du support a été évaluée à l’aide de questionnaires de satisfaction adressés aux répondants volontaires.Résultats et discussion : la tétine est un objet familier de nombreux parents ayant participé à l’étude. Les orthophonistes et parents de jeunes enfants présentent de bonnes connaissances globales concernant les aspects fonctionnels pouvant être altérés par l’utilisation prolongée d’une tétine (croissance dentaire, articulation, développement du langage). Les répercussions sur le plan émotionnel, psychologique et cognitif sont moins connues des parents et mériteraient d’être davantage communiquées par les professionnels. La brochure conçue contribue à améliorer la prévention concernant l’utilisation d’une tétine selon 40 parents (95,25 %) et 47 orthophonistes (92,16 %).Conclusion et perspectives : l’utilisation de la tétine doit continuer à faire l’objet d’actions de prévention auprès des parents mais aussi de tous les professionnels de santé susceptibles d’être confrontés à cette problématique afin de permettre une vision plus globale des répercussions possibles d’un usage prolongé
Open on-Station System Experiments (OSEs) as innovation intermediaries to foster agroecological transitions: case studies from France
No full textInternational audienceThe development of agroecology requires an ambitious, multi-level transformation of knowledge and innovation systems. The literature shows that intermediary actors and organizations play an important role in this transformation. In our article, we introduce the idea that agricultural research experiment stations can be considered as innovation intermediaries to foster agroecological transitions. Previous studies have shown how agricultural experiments are transformed by their inclusion in a multi-actor process, but they do not adequately explain how they contribute to the transition of agri-food systems. Our analysis focuses on nine case studies of on-station system experiments by France’s National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment. These on-station system experiments have the specificity to be managed by researchers interacting with non-academic stakeholders from their local areas. We have called these Open on-Station System Experiments. We documented them over five years, during which we collected information and data through observation, participation, eliciting activity, and cross-case analysis. We show how OSEs fulfil five knowledge and innovation intermediation functions that contribute, in practice, to the transition of agri-food systems: problem solving; production of transition visions through the design and experimentation of breakthrough agroecological innovations; production of operational and scientific knowledge responding to different users’ requirements; by generating operational and scientific knowledge based on Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable data; participation in networking between stakeholders and interactional learning about transition using experiments as boundary objects. Based on these findings, we show for the first time the conditions under which agricultural research experiment stations can fulfill the functions of innovation intermediaries and thus contribute to fostering agroecological transitions
Pediatric Growth Patterns of the Circle of Willis: Systematic Review and Implications for Clinical Neurovascular Applications
No full textInternational audienceBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Circle of Willis (CoW) ensures cerebral perfusion and collateral support, yet pediatric CoW growth is poorly described compared to adults. Clarifying its developmental trajectory is essential to optimize planning and execution of endovascular/surgical procedures. This systematic review assesses pediatric CoW development, identifies gaps in current knowledge, and explores the implications for future diagnostics and interventions. METHODS: Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines, databases including PubMed, ClinicalTrials.gov, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Medline were searched using terms such as Circle of Willis, intracranial arteries, cerebrovascular system, children, growth, development, and pediatric cerebrovascular development . Articles from January 1987 to September 2024 were screened. RESULTS: Of 513 articles identified, 3 met inclusion criteria, totaling 608 pediatric subjects. All studies described a biphasic growth pattern, rapid arterial expansion during infancy followed by slower growth, and demonstrated strong correlations between vessel dimensions and head circumference. Children exhibited greater CoW symmetry and fewer anatomic anomalies than adults, challenging the assumption that vascular configurations stabilize or improve only with age. This suggests that factors driving asymmetry in adulthood, environmental, hemodynamic, or structural, warrant further study. CONCLUSION: Pediatric CoW development follows a tightly regulated, region-specific timetable linked to skull and brain maturation. However, small sample sizes, uneven age distributions, and limited longitudinal data constrain current insights. Future research should use 4D flow MRI, balanced longitudinal cohorts, and integrated geometric–hemodynamic assessments, and explore correlations with other cerebral structures to improve early detection of anomalies and guide targeted endovascular and surgical interventions in pediatric cerebrovascular care
Biostimulant Effects of Rich Mannuronate-Alginate and Their Thermic-Acidic Depolymerized Derivates on Triticum aestivum
No full textInternational audienceWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity is frequently compromised by environmental stressors such as drought, salinity, and nutrient deficiencies. The application of biostimulants has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate these challenges by enhancing plant growth, resilience, and nutrient uptake. This study investigates the biostimulant effects of alginate gels and their depolymerized derivatives, particularly alginate oligosaccharides (AOS), on wheat seedling development. Treatments were applied in hydroponic systems at 50 and 500 mg/L to assess morphological and physiological responses. Depolymerized alginates, especially AOS at 500 mg/L, enhanced root length, compared to control by 40% (Kruskal–Wallis; p.adj ≤ 0.001). Smaller oligomers (<2 kDa) showed better biological activity compared to larger molecules (Mw > 2 kDa). Indeed, AOS application modulated oxidative stress by improving the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate (AsA/DHA) ratio as the control, indicating a stronger antioxidant response and a reduced ROS accumulation without stress. These findings suggest that AOS not only promotes root and shoot growth but also enhances the plant’s endogenous ability to mitigate oxidative damage. The dual action, growth promotion and stress tolerance, position AOS as a promising biostimulant for improving wheat productivity in environmentally challenging conditions
Eclairage(s) sur les sarcophages mérovingiens décorés de l’église Saint-Martin de l’abbaye de Luxeuil (Franche-Comté, Haute-Saône): Archéologie dans tous ses états. Le talentueux Monsieur Talon
No full textInternational audienceLes recherches archéologiques programmées menées entre 2008 et 2015 sur l’ancienne église Saint-Martin de l’abbaye de Luxeuil ont mis au jour 155 sarcophages. Ceux découverts à l’intérieur de la basilique funéraire des Ve-VIe s. appartiennent à la communauté chrétienne du castrum de Luxovium, tandis que ceux réunis dans une crypte externe adossée au chœur de l’église, ainsi que dans le cimetière situé au chevet de l’édifice, accueillent les inhumations de religieux du monastère qui vécurent au cours du VIIe s. La très grande majorité de ces sarcophages monolithes a été taillée dans du grès provenant de carrières locales ; ils appartiennent à 3 grands groupes typologiques communs à l’Est et au Centre-Est de la France. Parmi les sarcophages du VIIe s., 9 conservent des couvercles sur lesquels ont été gravés des noms de moines défunts. Pour autant que leur état de conservation permette de l’apprécier, les sarcophages luxoviens sont globalement peu décorés, à l’exception d’une petite dizaine comportant des croix sur les couvercles ou/et les panneaux de tête ou de pied des cuves. Des fragments de couvercles appartenant à deux sarcophages font cependant exception, avec un très rare décor sculpté à l’imitation de coffres en bois avec ferrures. L’un d’eux, découvert dans la crypte externe, abritait probablement la sépulture de l’abbé Walbert, mort vers 670. Pour un grand nombre de sarcophages, une certaine recherche esthétique se manifeste en outre à travers un soin particulier apporté au modelé et au rendu de la matière, avec différents motifs géométriques dénotant un art consommé de la taille au pic et à la broche
Migration et mariage : une relation à double sens
No full textZoom sur la recherche / Research focusReading the theoretical literature on international migration, an individual considering moving to a foreign destination was standing on a rock-solid basis, formed by his or her family. The family was involved in the decision and also in the financing of the lumpy investment into migration (e.g., Stark and Bloom, 1985). This, in turn, implied that an individual migration was matched by an implicit agreement between the migrant and the non-migrant family members that the income gains from this investment would have been shared through remittances (e.g., Poirine, 1997). The empirical literature has, then explored the implications of migration and remittances on the family members left behind (e.g., Gibson, McKenzie and Stillman, 2011; Clemens and Tiongson, 2017; Mobarak, Sharif and Shresta, 2023).The research that we conducted was motivated by a simple question: to what extent international migration fits with this image? And, in case it does not, as migrants change their marital status after having moved abroad, which are the implications for our understanding of the determinants of migration and of its effects on the left behind?Lorsqu’une personne migre, elle peut toujours s’appuyer sur sa famille, qui représente une base très solide. C’est ce qu’affirment la majorité des recherches menées sur la migration internationale. La famille intervient dans la décision de migrer et participe au financement de cet important investissement (voir, par exemple, Stark et Bloom, 1985). Cela implique un accord implicite entre le migrant et les membres non migrants de sa famille concernant le partage des gains de revenu liés à la migration, via les transferts envoyés par le migrant (voir, par exemple, Poirine, 1997). Sur la base de ces modèles, la littérature empirique a analysé les effets de la migration et de ces transferts destinés aux membres de la famille restés dans le pays d’origine (e.g., Gibson, McKenzie et Stillman, 2011; Clemens et Tiongson, 2017; Mobarak, Sharif et Shresta, 2023).Notre recherche est motivée par une simple question : à quel point la migration internationale rentre précisément dans ce cadre ? Et, si cela n’est pas le cas, vu que les migrants changent de statut marital après avoir quitté leur pays, quelles sont les implications pour notre compréhension des causes et des effets de la migration