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Predicting Camera Sensor Noise Propagation to Displacement and Strain Maps Retrieved from Checkerboard Patterns with Localized Spectrum Analysis
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Reliably predicting the metrological performance of full-field measurement systems is a topical issue in the photomechanics community.Objective: The objective of this paper is to propose predictive equations giving the pixelwise standard deviation distribution of the noise affecting displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard patterns with the Localized Spectrum Analysis (LSA).Methods: Predictive equations already available for the noise in phase distributions are employed to deduce their counterparts for the noise in displacement and strain maps. Two procedures are proposed to improve the reliability of the predictive equations. One is based on filtering the pseudo-periodic signal-dependent component of the noise, the other on the Generalized Anscombe Transform GAT, which stabilizes image noise variance, and thus leads to a better match of one of the assumptions under which the predictive equations are obtained.Results: The predictive equations given in this paper are validated with synthetic and experimental data.Conclusions: The predictive equations proposed here enable us to reliably predict image noise propagation to displacement and strain maps retrieved from checkerboard pattern images by LS
Protein signatures of feed restriction and spontaneous lipolysis in skimmed ewe milk
No full textInternational audienceMilk lipolysis refers to the breakdown of triacylglycerols by lipoprotein lipase. Our aim was to identify the drivers of spontaneous lipolysis in skimmed ewe milk. To achieve this, feed restriction was used as a lever to generate contrasting samples with respect to lipolysis. We combined multivariate statistical methods to identify the effects of feed restriction on ewes, the molecular composition of skim milk, and the drivers of spontaneous lipolysis in milk. The high spontaneous lipolysis in skimmed ewe milk was driven by a combination of variables consisting of 12 milk proteins (ANGPT1, FN1, COL14A1, W5PDQ9, W5QH04, CLSTN1, PPIB, PLIN3, ITIH2, ASAH1, SMPD1 and FST), 7 milk fatty acids (C6:0, C14:0, C14:1 cis9, C10:1 cis9, C10:0, C11:0 and C12:0), milk urea, plasma acetate, plasma urea, plasma IGF1, milk yield, and NEL. In particular, the proteins ANGPT1, SMPD1, and ASAH1 were identified as participants in the lipolytic process in milk, whatever the level of nutrition, which could be considered in future tools to manage milk lipolysis
Effect of Atomic Layer Fluorination on the Structural and Electrochemical Properties of LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 High Voltage Electrodes
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Multi-scale Analysis on the Effect of Aggregate Type and Orientation on the Mechanical Properties of Biobased Concrete
No full textInternational audienceThis paper analyzes the impact of four types of biobased aggregates (hemp, bamboo, reed and rapeseed) and their orientation (parallel or perpendicular to the compaction direction) on the mechanical properties of biobased concrete. Digital image correlation (DIC) was used to study mechanical deformation at two scales: that of the composite material and that of the interfacial transition zone (ITZ) around the aggregates. The results show that biobased concrete oriented parallel to compaction are stiffer, but more susceptible to damage at low strain rates as low as 2%. Hemp concrete, the strongest concrete, undergoes limited vertical displacement but shows more pronounced damage. Bamboo concrete, on the other hand, although denser, has the lowest mechanical performance. Finer aggregates, such as reed, offer better mechanical properties thanks to better adhesion and compatibility with the mineral matrix. Finally, local DIC analysis reveals zones of concentrated deformation for parallel-oriented aggregates, resulting in weaker affinity and buckling failure in this configuration. It is therefore recommended to orient the aggregates perpendicular to the compaction direction for better load distribution and optimal energy dissipation
Consensus on the Management of Anesthetic Agents During Digestive Motility Measurements and Proposal of a Standardized Protocol for Anesthesia (French Neuro Gastroenterology Group GFNG and Committee of Anesthetic French Experts)
No full textInternational audienceABSTRACT Introduction Techniques for measuring digestive motility are becoming increasingly precise and enable therapeutic interventions. However, while most of these interventions require general anesthesia, there is limited data on the impact of anesthetic agents on these measurements, and no standardized anesthesia protocol currently exists to guide such procedures. Our working group carried out two Delphi processes involving experts in neurogastroenterology and anesthesiology to reach a consensus on which drugs affect these measurements and to establish an anesthesia protocol. Method Two expert groups were formed, comprising 13 neurogastroenterology experts from the French Neuro‐Gastroenterology Group (GFNG) and 15 full‐ or associate professors in anesthesia and intensive care. The first Delphi process involved the neurogastroenterologists and aimed to identify which anesthetic drugs influenced digestive pressure measurements. The second Delphi process, involving anesthetists, sought to develop an anesthesia protocol. Each expert indicated their level of agreement with each statement using a 6‐point Likert scale. A statement was endorsed when at least 80% of experts agreed with it. The strength of evidence for each statement was evaluated using the GRADE system. Results The Delphi process with neurogastroenterologists was conducted over three rounds and ultimately resulted in 91 amendments. The second Delphi process with anesthetists took place over two rounds and included 28 amendments, leading to the development of an anesthesia protocol. Conclusion To our knowledge, this work is the first to establish an expert consensus on anesthetic agents that can affect digestive motility measurements and to propose an anesthesia protocol that accounts for the needs of neurogastroenterologists
La crédibilité des accompagnateurs pédagogiques dans les dispositifs de formation des nouveaux enseignants-chercheurs
No full textInternational audienceThis symposium explores the elements of credibility associated with those involved in the training programs for probationary lecturers. L. Gensbittel analyzes how these individuals are perceived by the lecturers themselves, using credibility categories adapted from the framework established by Deandra Little and David A. Green (2002). As a complementary perspective, Grenoble INP -UGA Graduate schools of Engineering and Management presents its "Marche d’approche" program, with a comparative analysis of credibility at the level of the institution's governance and participants. Additionally, the training programs from Clermont-Auvergne University, the University of Orléans, Sorbonne Nouvelle University, and Panthéon-Sorbonne University will be reviewed to highlight common pitfalls and recommend strategies for enhancing the credibility of both facilitators and their messaging.Symposium RESUMECe symposium analyse les composantes de la crédibilité des personnes intervenant dans l'écosystème que constituent les dispositifs de formation des enseignant.es chercheur.es nouvellement recruté.es. La représentation qu'ont les néo-enseignant.es universitaires de ces accompagnateur.rice.s pédagogiques est analysée par L. Gensbittel, en s'appuyant sur les catégories de la crédibilité adaptées de l'article de Deandra Little et David A. Green (2022). En contrepoint, Grenoble INP -UGA Institut d'ingénierie et de management présente son dispositif « Marche d'approche », avec une analyse comparative de sa crédibilité au niveau de la gouvernance de l'institution et des participants. Enfin, les dispositifs de formation des universités Clermont-Auvergne, d'Orléans, de la Sorbonne Nouvelle et de l'université Panthéon-Sorbonne, seront synthétisés afin de dégager les écueils à éviter et les pistes à privilégier pour favoriser la crédibilité des discours et des intervenant.es.</div
Décrypter la complexité d’un parcours de santé territoriaux grâce au concept de dispositifde gestion
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The Impact of Submarine Cables on Internet Access Price, and the Role of Competition and Regulation
No full textCe document est une version révisée de : Cariolle, J. Houngbonon, G.V., Silue, T. and Strusani, D. (2024) “The Impact of Submarine Cables on Internet Access Price, and the Role of Competition and Regulation”, World Bank Group Policy Research Working Paper No. 10840, International Finance Corporation. ⟨hal-04643760⟩Submarine cables enable international connectivity and are essential for high- speed internet access. This paper examines their impact on internet access price, focusing on price reductions driven by cost savings and competition intensity. Using a dataset of submarine cable capacity and internet access prices across 150 countries over 12 years, and following an instrumental variable approach, the analysis finds that a doubling of submarine cable capacity reduces internet prices by 30–50 percent, with regional disparities. [...
"Pourquoi la “première cession à titre onéreux d’un même usufruit temporaire” exclut-elle les acquisitions en démembrement de propriété ?"
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Évaluation des pratiques dans l’induction anesthésique de l'obèse (EPICAO)
No full textCONTEXTE : l'obésité, qui concerne environ 17 % des adultes en France, constitue un enjeu croissant de santé publique. Elle s’accompagne d’altérations physiopathologiques et pharmacologiques majeures, augmentant le risque de complications périopératoires, notamment lors de l’induction anesthésique. En l’absence de recommandations spécifiques et consensuelles, les pratiques anesthésiques restent hétérogènes pour cette population à haut risque.OBJECTIF : décrire la variabilité des pratiques anesthésiques lors de l’induction chez les patients obèses en France et analyser les facteurs influençant le choix de la séquence d’induction, notamment l’IMC et les comorbidités, ainsi que l’utilisation des curares, de la vidéolaryngoscopie et des stratégies de pré-oxygénation et d’oxygénation apnéique.MATÉRIEL & MÉTHODE : cette étude nationale, observationnelle et déclarative, reposait sur un questionnaire en ligne anonymisé, diffusé sur huit mois (mai-décembre 2024) auprès des anesthésistes-réanimateurs français, avec le soutien de la Société Française d’Anesthésie-Réanimation. Construit à partir de cas cliniques théoriques, ce questionnaire a fait l’objet d’analyses statistiques descriptives, avec des comparaisons entre groupes réalisées à l’aide du test du Chi-deux.RÉSULTATS : Sur 665 réponses recueillies, 652 ont été analysées, mettant en évidence une forte variabilité des pratiques. Pour un IMC de 43 kg/m², 57,1 % des praticiens privilégiaient une induction classique. Seuls 33 % appliquaient le seuil de la SFAR pour une ISR systématique (IMC > 40 kg/m²), tandis que 23,8 % ne fixaient aucun seuil. L’ISR était principalement retenue en cas de RGO quotidien, de RGO associé à une hernie hiatale ou d’antécédents de chirurgie bariatrique. L’expérience des anesthésistes influençait significativement le choix de l’induction (p < 0,01). Une hétérogénéité persistait dans le calcul des doses de curare, 27,8 % des praticiens utilisant le poids réel pour les curares non-dépolarisants. L’oxygénation apnéique demeurait sous-utilisée, 32,4 % des répondants ne la pratiquant jamais.CONCLUSION : cette étude met en évidence une forte variabilité des approches anesthésiques lors de l’induction chez les patients obèses, reflétant l’absence de consensus clair. Ces résultats soulignent la nécessité d’harmoniser les pratiques et d’établir des recommandations spécifiques, fondées sur des données probantes, afin d’optimiser la prise en charge anesthésique de cette population à risque