HAL Clermont Université
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Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV
No full textInternational audienceCorrelations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this letter, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD
DESI DR2 Results I: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations from the Lyman Alpha Forest
No full textInternational audienceWe present the Baryon Acoustic Oscillation (BAO) measurements with the Lyman-alpha (LyA) forest from the second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) survey. Our BAO measurements include both the auto-correlation of the LyA forest absorption observed in the spectra of high-redshift quasars and the cross-correlation of the absorption with the quasar positions. The total sample size is approximately a factor of two larger than the DR1 dataset, with forest measurements in over 820,000 quasar spectra and the positions of over 1.2 million quasars. We describe several significant improvements to our analysis in this paper, and two supporting papers describe improvements to the synthetic datasets that we use for validation and how we identify damped LyA absorbers. Our main result is that we have measured the BAO scale with a statistical precision of 1.1% along and 1.3% transverse to the line of sight, for a combined precision of 0.65% on the isotropic BAO scale at . This excellent precision, combined with recent theoretical studies of the BAO shift due to nonlinear growth, motivated us to include a systematic error term in LyA BAO analysis for the first time. We measure the ratios and , where is the Hubble distance, is the transverse comoving distance, is the sound horizon at the drag epoch, and we quote both the statistical and the theoretical systematic uncertainty. The companion paper presents the BAO measurements at lower redshifts from the same dataset and the cosmological interpretation
Our thanks to persons who review papers for the Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine
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Interview par Pierre Morel pour RTS (Radio Télévision Suisse) et TV5 monde sur les nouvelles technologies d’édition des génomes
No full textPierre Morel, journaliste indépendant mandaté par la RTS (Radio Télévision Suisse) est venu interviewer Pierre BARRET sur les nouvelles technologies d’édition des génomes
"La responsabilité pénale climatique des Etats et des entreprises transnationales"
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Integrating adaptation pathways and Ostrom’s framework for sustainable governance of social-ecological systems in a changing world
No full textInternational audienceDynamic Adaptive Policy Pathway (DAPP) maps are used to plan management decisions in contexts of high uncertainty, such as those driven by environmental changes affecting critical assets. Recent discussions emphasize their relevance for addressing complex common-pool resource challenges, where diverse species, actors, and ecosystem services are intricately connected. However, designing DAPPs for such multifaceted social-ecological systems (SES) is challenging due to the extensive range of potential adaptation options. This study presents a general method to address these challenges by leveraging Ostrom’s theoretical frameworks for the governance of common pool resources—the Institutional Analysis & Development framework (IADF), the social-ecological systems framework (SESF), and the coupled infrastructure systems framework (CISF). These frameworks were used to design nested DAPP maps that structure a large number of adaptation actions across multiple levels of institutional arrangement (operational, collective-choice, constitutional), and then develop a mathematical model to analyze the dynamic robustness of a SES across all potential pathways. The method was applied to predict and understand DAPP maps for supporting the collective management of hedgerow networks delivering diverse ecosystem services. DAPP maps for two SES were compared—one rural and one peri-urban—in France’s agro-ecological landscapes of the Auvergne region. We further modeled the impact of climate change on hedgerows characterized by different size and species richness, revealing the sensitivity of these DAPP maps to transit between nine nested institutional arrangements. We discuss the methodological and practical implications of this approach for managing SES characterized by greater diversities of interconnected species, actors, and ecosystem services, highlighting its strengths and challenges in guiding adaptation under deep uncertainty
Processus de deuil des aidants de personnes en fin de vie à domicile
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Diversity and long-term temporal dynamics of Microsporidia in Lake Aydat using a paleogenomic approach
No full textInternational audienceParasites have long been underestimated, but their central role in ecosystem functioning is now recognized. They can represent a significant portion of ecosystem diversity, ranging from 30% to 71%. The development of high-throughput sequencing has allowed for a better understanding of the diversity of aquatic microbial eukaryotic communities, including a wide variety of parasites. However, some groups of parasites, such as microsporidia (parasites of invertebrates and vertebrates, including humans), remain understudied due to their genetic divergence from other eukaryotes. Recent studies conducted in the laboratory have revealed a previously unknown diversity of microsporidia in aquatic ecosystems. These parasites could have a significant impact on aquatic food webs due to their broad host range. However, there is little information on the long-term temporal dynamics of microsporidia and their diversity in relation to lake history, its uses, and environmental variables. Thus, the objective of this project is to study the temporal dynamics of microsporidia in relation to the Anthropocene (~ from 1900) in a lake under anthropogenic influence using a paleogenomic approach. A sediment core representing 64 years of accumulation was sampled from lake Aydat (Auvergne). Metabarcoding data obtained with primers targeting microsporidia and their potential eukaryotic hosts were used to build a co-occurrence network to reveal potential host-parasite interactions. The sequencing results showed that the identified microsporidian genera were similar to those present in the water column, with Crispospora and Pseudoberwaldia being the most abundant and the only two genera retrieved in all samples. Significant variations in diversity and abundance were observed over the years, with a sudden increase in Vittaforma, a genus containing microsporidia infecting humans, in the 2000s. These temporal variations may be explained by the dynamics of yet unidentified eukaryotic host