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Nonlinear acoustic phenomena affect the perception of pain in human baby cries
No full textInternational audienceWhat makes the pain cries of human babies so difficult to ignore? Vocal traits known as "nonlinear phenomena" are prime candidates. These acoustic irregularities are common in babies' cries and typically associated with high levels of distress or pain. Despite the vital importance of cries for a baby's survival, how these nonlinear phenomena drive pain perception in adult listeners has not been systematically investigated. Here, by combining acoustic analyses of cries recorded in different contexts with playback experiments using natural and synthetic cries, we show that baby cries expressing acute pain are characterized by a pronounced presence of different nonlinear phenomena, and that these nonlinear phenomena drive pain evaluation by adult listeners. While adult listeners rated all cries presenting any of these nonlinear phenomena as expressing more pain, they were particularly sensitive to the presence of chaos. Our results thus show that nonlinear phenomena, especially chaos, encode pain information in baby cries and may be critically helpful for the development of vocal-based tools for monitoring babies' needs in the context of paediatric care
Territoires délaissés : table ronde [avec Y. Amsellem-Mainguy, B. Coquard, E. Guéraut, V. Sala Pala et F. Vincent ; propos recueillis par V. Béal, R. Epstein, T. Kirszbaum et S. Zappi]
No full textTable ronde avec Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent Propos recueillis par Vincent Béal, Renaud Epstein, Thomas Kirszbaum et Sylvia ZappiTable ronde avec Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent / propos recueillis par Vincent Béal, Renaud Epstein, Thomas Kirszbaum et Sylvia Zappi , Mouvements, 13/01/2025International audiencehttps://mouvements.info/table-ronde-territoires-delaisses/ Pour accompagner la publication du dossier « Politiques des territoires délaissées », Mouvements a organisé une table ronde avec cinq chercheurs et chercheuses qui ont investi différents types de territoires délaissés au fil de leurs parcours personnels et de leurs travaux scientifiques. Yaëlle Amsellem-Mainguy, Benoît Coquard, Elie Guéraut, Valérie Sala Pala et Fanny Vincent débattent de cette notion de « territoires délaissés » et des enjeux qu’elle recouvre
Sur les sentiers du pastoralisme.: L’apport des nouvelles technologies
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Drought-stress memory confers cold hardiness in grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) through modulations in antioxidant system, osmolyte production and carbohydrate metabolism
No full textInternational audiencePriming is a phenomenon in which plants are initially exposed to mild stress to develop resilience to subsequentor severe stress. There is a lack of scientific knowledge regarding the drought-priming (DP) effect on the freezetolerance mechanism in cold-sensitive grapefruit (Citrus paradisi). Therefore, the present study was conducted togain insight into how plants perform under freezing stress (FS) when given short-term drought stress (DS) as apriming event. This study investigated the potential of DP to enhance freeze tolerance in cold-sensitive grape-fruit. The plants were subjected to drought-priming at 50 % and 75 % field capacity (FC), with control (non-stress- 100 % FC) for three weeks before being subjected to freezing stress (-6 °C). DP exhibited enhanced freez-ing tolerance through an improved antioxidant system, osmolyte production, and carbohydrate metabolism. Italso triggered the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), cata-lase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), mitigating oxidative damage causedby reactive oxygen species (ROS). The accumulation of osmolytes, including proline, glycine betaine (GB) andsoluble sugars, was also induced, stabilizing cellular structures and maintaining osmotic balance. Additionally,carbohydrate metabolism shifted towards sugar biosynthesis, with reduced starch reserves providing energy forstress adaptation. It is concluded that drought-stress memory as a primer acclimated the plants to freezing stressby alleviating oxidative damage to membranes and maintained high energy production through enhanced an-tioxidant activities, osmolyte accumulation, and regulating carbohydrate metabolism. This study highlights thepractical potential of drought-priming as a cost-effective and non-invasive strategy to improve cold hardiness incitrus and related species. By integrating drought-priming into management practices, growers can enhance theresilience of young grapefruit plants to freezing conditions, contributing to sustainable citrus production in re-gions prone to cold stress or unexpected freeze events in winter or late summer
Charged Lepton Flavour Violations searches with muons: present and future
No full textInternational audienceCharged-lepton flavor violation (cLFV) is one of the most powerful probes for New Physics (NP). Since lepton flavor conservation is an accidental symmetry in the Standard Model (SM), it is naturally violated in many NP models, with contributions at the level of the current experimental sensitivities. Moreover, the negligible SM contributions would make the observation of cLFV unambiguous evidence of NP. It makes these searches extremely sensitive and, at the same time, extremely pure. Thanks to the intense muon beams currently available, their intriguing upgrade programs, and the progress in the detection techniques, cLFV muon processes are the golden channels in this field. Experimental programs to search for , and the conversion in the nuclear field are currently ongoing. We review the current status and the strategic plans for future searches. This document is an update of the prior cLFV submission to the 2018 European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP); the earlier submission should be consulted for more experimental details
L’expérience-déclic, entre affect et concept dans le développement de l’organisation : un exemple en clinique de l’activité
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Entretien « Rura-Litté » avec Pierre Gaudin
No full textNational audienceCatherine Milkovitch-Rioux, Nathalie Vincent-Munnia et des étudiant.es du Master Lettres et Création littéraire (Paul Dryjard des Garniers, Valérie Kallil, Nina Pimentel, Lyam Tassile, Qiunhan Tu), Organisation d’une rencontre avec Pierre Gaudin (directeur artistique, co-fondateur de la maison d’édition Créaphis), Entretien « Rura-Litté », Festival Littérature au centre, 10e édition, « Littérature et mondes ruraux », Clermont-Ferrand, Bibliothèque universitaire Marie-Hélène Lafon, 26 mars 2025
Comparison of granulometric and textural characteristics of in vitro food bolus of beef- and plant-based patties
No full textInternational audienceFor some years now, consumers are progressively switching their diet to a more plant-based (PB) one for various reasons such as climate, environmental, and/or health concerns. One path is the one-on-one replacement of meat by PB analogues and hereto the latter need to give a similar sensory perception as traditional meat. However, current PB analogues do not yet have a comparable texture as their meat counterparts nor are they the same in terms of food oral processing (FOP). The food industry is currently working to overcome this challenge by developing new ingredients and/or processing techniques. In this study a method is developed to quantify and understand the textural and oral processing differences between beef and PB patties. This method will increase the knowledge on food bolus characteristics of plant-based products during mastication and this can be expected to provide new approaches in the development of products intended to generate similar oral sensation as that produced during consumption of meat products. Hereto, samples of three commercially available plant-based (Beyond B, Sensational S, Ereburger E) and one beef patties (Albert Heijn's Ultimate beef burger) were masticated in the AM2 masticator apparatus, which was programmed to mimic the in vivo patty bolus characteristics. For that, the AM2 parameters were finetuned per patty type so that in vitro particle size distribution simulated the in vivo one. Then, the in vitro boluses of all burgers collected after 1/3rd, 2/3rd and at the end of masticatory sequences were characterised in terms of granulometry and for textural features acquired with the texture profile analysis test. Results demonstrated that to imitate the in vivo bolus characteristics, specific AM2 programming parameters were required per patty, with the Beef Burger requiring more shear deformation to be disrupted. Depending on the type of patty, the boluses displayed granulometry and textural differences. Progress of fragmentation along mastication depended on the patty type. Burger S was the most fragmented and Burger B bolus contained more large particles than others. All PB patties produced softer and less chewy boluses as compared to the Beef Burger. This method to quantify the FOP of PB patties throughout the masticatory sequence and the insights that were produced are undoubtedly interesting to help in the further development of PB meat substitutes intended to simulate organoleptic characteristics of traditional meat products
Cognitive flexibility in autism: How task predictability and sex influence performances
No full textInternational audienceAbstract While cognitive flexibility challenges are frequently reported in autistic individuals, inconsistencies in the findings prompt further investigation into the factors influencing this flexibility. We suggest that unique aspects of the predictive brain in autistic individuals might contribute to these challenges, potentially varying by sex. Our study aimed to test these hypotheses by examining cognitive flexibility under different predictability conditions in a sample including a similar number of males and females. We conducted an online study with 263 adults (127 with an autism diagnosis), where participants completed a flexibility task under varying levels of predictability (unpredictable, moderately predictable, and predictable). Our results indicate that as task predictability increases, performance improves; however, the response time gap between autistic and non‐autistic individuals also widens. Moreover, we observe significant differences between autistic males and females, which differ from non‐autistic individuals, highlighting the need to consider sex differences in research related to the cognition of autistic individuals. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of cognitive flexibility and sex differences in autism in light of predictive brain theories and suggest avenues for further research