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A sham-controlled randomised trial of Tecar therapy for painful caesarean scars: the NOCEPAIN study protocol
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction Caesarean section is a frequent procedure in obstetrics, accounting for 21.4% of deliveries in France in 2021. Three months after delivery, 15.4% of these women report they still have pain, which can be associated with psychological disorders (including anxiety and depression). Although the only treatment currently recommended is self-massage of the scar, capacitive and resistive electric transfer (Tecar) therapy could improve healing and reduce pain associated with caesarean scars and, therefore, improve women’s health-related quality of life (QoL). We aim to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of Tecar therapy for postoperative scar pain and/or discomfort at 3 months postpartum by comparing it with sham Tecar therapy. Methods and analysis The NOCEPAIN study is a two-centre, single-blind, two-arm, parallel-group, sham-controlled randomised trial currently underway. A total of 120 women with a caesarean scar still painful at 6–8 weeks postpartum, aged 18–50 years, are being randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1 to either the active Tecar therapy group (active device group) or the sham Tecar therapy group (placebo device group). The women undergo one Tecar or sham session of 20 min per week for 3 weeks. Women in both groups also receive the recommended standard treatment: manual self-massage of the scar. The primary outcome is the caesarean scar pain and/or discomfort at 3 months postpartum, assessed with a Visual Analogue Scale from 0 (no pain and/or discomfort) to 10 (the worst imaginable). Secondary outcomes include validated self-report questionnaires about pain (French adaptations of the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Brief Pain Inventory, as well as the ‘Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions’ instrument for neuropathic pain), the interference of pain with activities of daily living (Multidimensional Pain Inventory), anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), health-related QoL (WHO QoL Brief) and sexual functioning (Female Sexual Function Index). The final secondary outcomes are the quality of skin healing (Vancouver Scar Scale), as well as analgesic use and concomitant treatments for analgesia. Ethics and dissemination The West III Committee for the Protection of Persons (French Institutional Review Board) approved this study and its compliance with French individual data protection laws (number: 2022-A01492-41, 20 March 2023). All participants provide written informed consent before randomisation. The results will be reported in peer-reviewed journals and at scientific meetings. Trial registration number NCT05696301
A Brief History of Inference in Astronomy
No full textInternational audienceIn this short review, we trace the evolution of inference in astronomy, highlighting key milestones rather than providing an exhaustive survey. We focus on the shift from classical optimization to Bayesian inference, the rise of gradient-based methods fueled by advances in deep learning, and the emergence of adaptive models that shape the very design of scientific datasets. Understanding this shift is essential for appreciating the current landscape of astronomical research and the future it is helping to build
"Inapplicabilité de l'article 1240 du code civil pour sanctionner la publication d'une photographie préjudiciable", Cass., 1re civ., 4 juin 2025, no 24-13.648, AFP
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Study of charm mixing and CP violation with decays
No full textInternational audienceA study of charm mixing and CP violation in decays is performed using data collected by the LHCb experiment in proton-proton collisions from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 6. The ratio of promptly produced to decay rates is measured as a function of decay time, both inclusive over phase space and in bins of phase space. Taking external inputs for the mixing parameters and allows constraints to be obtained on the hadronic parameters of the charm decay. When combined with previous measurements from charm-threshold experiments and at LHCb, improved knowledge is obtained for these parameters, which is valuable for studies of the angle of the Unitarity Triangle. An alternative analysis is also performed, in which external inputs are taken for the hadronic parameters, and the mixing parameters are determined, including and , which are nonzero in the presence of CP violation. It is found that , , and . These results are consistent with previous measurements and the hypothesis of \CP conservation
3D Concrete Printing: Technologies, Applications and Classifications
No full textInternational audienceSince its initial development in the early 2000s, 3D printing has always been a polymorphic process, depending on the type of material used and the robotic system employed. Initial developments such as Prof. Koshnevis’ Contour Crafting concept (Khoshnevis 2004; Khoshnevis et al. 2006; Buswell et al. 2018), based on an extrusion system, or Enrico Dini’s D-Shape process, based on a selective particle bonding printing system (Colla et al. 2013), illustrate this diversity, which has continued to increase ever since. 3D concrete printing has almost as many variations as there are printers and companies working on the subject
Bacterial communities of fungus-growing ant queens are species-specific and suggest vertical transmission
No full textInternational audienceMultipartite symbioses are inherently complex, involving dynamic ecological interactions between organisms with intertwined yet distinct evolutionary histories. The fungus-growing (attine) ants facilitate maintenance of a symbiotic species network through maternal vertical transmission of a fungal symbiont. While the gut microbiomes of fungus-growing ant species are remarkably simple, their fungus gardens support diverse microbial communities. Here, we focus on the garden pellet stored in the nest-founding queen’s infrabuccal pocket—a food filter in the head that allows ants to expel large particles. The pellet is an inoculate of the new fungal garden but also contains other microbes. We used 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to reconstruct the extent of vertical transmission of bacteria to new gardens via queen pellets in four sympatric fungus-growing ant species from Central Panama ( Atta sexdens , Atta cephalotes , Acromyrmex echinatior, and Mycetomoellerius mikromelanos ). We also characterized the bacterial communities associated with queen eggs and tissues (mesosomas, guts and ovaries) to assess whether queens are likely to transmit symbiotic bacteria, such as cuticular Actinomycetota and endosymbionts ( Wolbachia , Mesoplasma , and Spiroplasma ). We made within and between species comparisons, focusing on three hypotheses: (H1) Queens vertically transmit garden-associated bacteria in the garden pellet. (H2) Fungus-growing ant-associated bacteria are maintained through vertical transmission by queens. (H3) Vertically transmitted bacterial communities have host ant species-specificity. While we found mixed evidence for vertical transmission of garden bacteria, our results support maternal transmission as an important route for ant-associated symbionts. The ant species-specificity we see in queen bacterial microbiota mirrors patterns of known symbiont presence in workers from previous studies. Overall, our results suggest that vertical transmission of bacterial associates is mediated by the ant hosts, however the mechanism behind bacterial acquisition before a mating flight and dispersal is not yet understood
Insights on the experimental dynamic behaviour and energy losses of rocking blocks under free vibration
No full textInternational audienceThis study focuses on the experimental response of free-standing hard limestone blocks under free vibration. The campaign includes 120 tests, varying the block’s height-to-width ratio and considering multiple specimens to account for the aleatoric variability of the phenomenon. The study offers full reconstruction of the three-dimensional free-rocking motion, giving insights into the influence of unintended geometrical asymmetries, as well as material and interface irregularities on the response. The paper revisits the experimental estimation of the angular Coefficient of Restitution (CoR) through different methodologies based on the angular velocities, potential energy, and potential and frictional energies. The results are compared with Housner’s theoretical model. Due to the sensitive nature of rocking motion, a statistical approach is employed. The findings indicate that Housner’s model provides statistically accurate predictions of energy losses for blocks of medium-to-high slenderness (i.e. with aspect ratio 5 \le {H \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {H B}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} B} \le 10 while it becomes statistically inaccurate for very slender {H \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {H B}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} B} > 10 and very stocky {H \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {H B}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} B} < 5 blocks. Importantly, the study demonstrates that all three experimentally estimated CoRs statistically depend on the aspect ratio. Finally, the CoRs extracted from the potential energy and potential and frictional energies are found statistically dependent on the rocking amplitude, while the CoR extracted from the angular velocities show statistical independence. Overall, this study offers a pathway for more systematic analyses and improved predictions of energy losses during impacts
Du prince éclairé au despote éclairé [Astérion n°32]
No full textThe notion of ‘enlightened despotism’ was coined in the 19th century to characterise certain policies pursued during the 18th century by the rulers of Central and Eastern Europe. The proximity of Voltaire to Frederick II and of Diderot to Catherine the Great, along with Catherine the Great's claim to Montesquieu’s legacy in writing the Nakaz, fostered the acceptance of this contradictory notion by the philosophers themselves. However, despotism, as theorised by Montesquieu and incorporated into his analysis of governments, can be seen as antithetical to the very idea of the Enlightenment. By extending the question to the concept of ‘enlightened prince’, these studies explore how ‘enlightened’ power was understood in the 18th century, how philosophers were able to assess the rulers of their time and their political actions, and they raise the question of the influence of the Enlightenment on politics.La notion de « despotisme éclairé » a été constituée au XIXe siècle pour caractériser certaines politiques menées durant le XVIIIe siècle par des souverains d’Europe centrale et d’Europe de l’Est. La proximité de Voltaire avec Frédéric II et de Diderot avec Catherine II, le fait que Catherine II ait revendiqué l’héritage de Montesquieu pour rédiger le Nakaz, ont accrédité l’idée d’une valorisation de cette notion contradictoire par les philosophes eux-mêmes. Et pourtant, le despotisme, théorisé par Montesquieu et intégré à son analyse des gouvernements, peut être considéré comme antinomique de l’idée même des Lumières. En élargissant le questionnement au « prince éclairé », ces études s’intéressent à la manière dont un pouvoir « éclairé » a pu être pensé au XVIIIe siècle, à la façon dont les philosophes ont pu évaluer les souverains de leur temps et leurs actions politiques, et posent la question de l’influence des idées des Lumières sur la politique
Investigation of the Effect of Sb 3+ Ion on the Spectroscopic Properties of Eu 3+ -Doped YVO 4 Nanosized Materials
No full textInternational audienceThis paper discusses the origin of emission quenching in yttrium orthovanadate codoped with Eu3+ and Sb3+ ions. Highly crystalline yttrium orthovanadate nanoparticles with chemical composition Y1–x–yEuxSbyVO4 (x = 0–5.4 mol %, y = 0–2.1 mol %) were prepared using the modified Pechini’s method. The particles’ structural and morphological properties were studied using X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy techniques. Moreover, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the oxidation state and surface bonding of individual ions in the obtained materials. The photoluminescence spectral and dynamical properties were investigated in detail. The observed Eu3+ luminescence depreciation is ascribed to reabsorption mediated by a low-lying Sb3+-to-V5+ metal-to-metal charge transfer state in conjunction with lattice defects absorbing in the visible spectral region