HAL Clermont Université
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"La fonction notariale à l’épreuve du regard anglo-saxon"
No full textNational audienceThe notarial function is a cornerstone of the civil law tradition: it entrusts a public officer with the task of producing legal certainty upstream of private acts and relationships. Grounded in authenticity, a duty to advise, structural impartiality, and strong evidentiary value, the notarial function embodies a preventive rationality aimed at neutralizing legal risks before they turn into disputes. By contrast, common law systems tend to build legal certainty mainly ex post through litigation, judicial authority, and the central role of lawyers.This structural divergence helps explain the often critical view of the Latin notariat in Anglo-Saxon contexts, where it may be perceived as a formalistic and costly intermediary. The article argues, however, that such assessments frequently rest on a functional misunderstanding, reinforced by an erroneous assimilation of civil law notaries to common law notaries public. Reframed within its proper logic, the notarial function emerges as a systemic device: it produces reliable evidence, addresses informational asymmetries, secures contractual intent, and reduces evidentiary and transactional uncertainty. In this perspective, it is not merely “form,” but a preventive technique of legal and social regulation.La fonction notariale constitue l’une des expressions les plus structurantes de la tradition romano-civiliste : elle confie à un officier public la mission de produire, en amont, la sécurité juridique des actes et des relations privées. Fondée sur l’authenticité, le devoir de conseil, l’impartialité et la force probante de l’acte, cette fonction s’inscrit dans une rationalité préventive, qui entend neutraliser les risques avant leur cristallisation contentieuse. À l’inverse, les systèmes de common law tendent à construire la sécurité juridique principalement ex post, sous l’autorité du juge, au travers du procès et de l’intervention centrale de l’avocat.Cette divergence structurelle éclaire le regard fréquemment critique, voire réducteur, porté par le monde anglo-saxon sur le notariat latin, parfois analysé comme un intermédiaire formaliste, coûteux et juridiquement redondant au regard de l’idéal de liberté contractuelle et d’efficacité procédurale. L’article montre toutefois que cette appréciation procède souvent d’une méconnaissance fonctionnelle, nourrie par l’assimilation erronée du notariat latin aux notaries public de common law. En réinscrivant la fonction notariale dans sa logique propre, l’étude met en évidence sa valeur systémique : production d’une preuve robuste, canalisation des asymétries d’information, sécurisation de la volonté contractuelle et réduction des aléas probatoires et transactionnels. Ainsi comprise, la fonction notariale apparaît moins comme un supplément de forme que comme une technique de régulation juridique et sociale orientée vers la prévention des litiges
On partial convexification cuts for mixed-integer quadratic programs with 0-1 indicators
No full textThis paper studies mixed-integer quadratic programming (MIQP) problems with 0-1 indicator constraints. We propose two cut-generation algorithms under three reformulation schemes, which can be seamlessly embedded into a branch-and-bound framework. The algorithms are built upon a partial convexification strategy applied to selected variable subsets, enabling the efficient generation of both quadratic and linear cuts. We provide theoretical insights by characterizing the generated cuts as the deepest ones and by comparing quadratic cuts with their linear counterparts in different variable spaces, thereby bridging convexification theory and practical MIQP solution methods. Furthermore, three practical strengthening techniques are developed to exploit prior properties of the quadratic terms. Extensive computational experiments demonstrate that the proposed cut-generation algorithms improves solver performance by accelerating convergence to exact optimal solutions.</div
Impact of hygro-mechanical loading on crack initiation and propagation in orthotropic media : A numerical modeling approach
No full textInternational audienceMoisture content gradients play a crucial role in the mechanics of wood, significantly affecting its properties and overall behavior. Among the adverse effects induced by moisture content variations, crack initiation and propagation remain one of the major challenges in wooden structures. This paper presents an energy-based fracture mechanics approach that relies on the computation of invariant integrals to evaluate fracture parameters in orthotropic materials subjected to moisture content gradients. A new concept of crack initiation is introduced by an algorithm based on the bisection method, which leads to automatic crack propagation under hygro-mechanical loading. The fracture criteria are derived from the energy release rate through a novel formulation of the invariant integral Ain a moisture-coupled environment. The path-independence of this newly proposed integral is verified via finite element simulations under mixed-mode loading using the Mixed-Mode Crack Growth (MMCG) specimen. Both analytical and numerical formulations account for the combined effects of mechanical and moisture-induced pressure on the crack lips. The influence of these coupled pressures on crack initiation and propagation in wood under variable moisture content conditions is introduced and discussed. For all fracture modes, the initiation and propagation criteria are obtained through a moisture-driven propagation algorithm, which triggers automatic crack growth when a critical moisture content threshold is reached. The results demonstrate that the developed analytical tool, implemented within a finite element framework provides a reliable determination of the fracture parameters of wood under moisture content variations
Circulating tumour DNA in head and neck squamous-cell carcinomas: A literature review
No full textInternational audienceBackground: In 60 % of cases, head and neck cancers (HNCs) are diagnosed at an advanced stage and therefore have a poor prognosis with survival rates of only 49 months. Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a minimally invasive biomarker able to improve early detection, assess minimal residual disease, monitor systemic treatment response and identify therapeutic targets. This literature review aims to critically synthesise evidence from the past decade on the clinical use of ctDNA in both HPV-related and HPV-unrelated HNCs. Patients and methods: A literature review was performed using PubMed and Cochrane Library on March 11th 2024, updated on November 21st, 2025, using the keywords: "circulating tumour DNA", "head and neck cancer", "ctHPV-DNA associated with HNSCC", "liquid biopsy and HNSCC". Results: After evaluation of 363 articles identified, 92 were included. ctDNA has been investigated for screening, diagnosis, prognostic stratification, treatment-response assessment, relapse detection and identification of therapeutic targets. However, performance varies considerably across studies due to methodological and biological heterogeneity.Conclusion: ctDNA shows strong potential for response assessment and post-treatment monitoring, particularly in HPV-related disease. Nevertheless, its integration into clinical practice requires methodological standardisation and validation in larger prospective studies
Anticipating potential environmental risks of offshore hydrogen production powered by offshore wind farm
No full textInternational audienc
Tailoring the Properties of Marine-Based Alginate Hydrogels: A Comparison of Enzymatic (HRP) and Visible-Light (SPS/Ruth)-Induced Gelation
No full textInternational audienceAlginate is a natural polysaccharide extracted from brown algae and is commonly used as a biomaterial scaffold in tissue engineering. In this study, we performed phenol functionalization of sodium alginate based on chemical modification methods using 1-ethyl-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide/N-hydroxybutanediimide/2-(N-morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid (EDC/NHS/MES) and tyramine. The presence of phenol groups was confirmed by spectrophotometry and Fourier Transform Infrared. We successfully prepared hydrogels using a horseradish peroxidase/hydrogen peroxide (HRP/H2O2) enzymatic system as well as an sodium persulfate (SPS)/ruthenium light-crosslinking system. Optimization identified 1 mM ruthenium and 4 mM SPS as the most effective photo crosslinking conditions. At the same time, 1 mM H2O2 and 10 U/mL HRP are considered optimal conditions for the enzyme-linked reaction. Rheological measurements monitored the gelation process, revealing that the viscosity, storage modulus, and loss modulus of the material increased by at least one hundredfold after crosslinking. Thixotropy results demonstrated excellent recovery of the material. Texture analysis indicated that the crosslinked material possessed notable strength and toughness, highlighting its potential applications in tissue engineering after 3D bioprinting
All-alkoxide sol-gel synthesis of bismuth orthovanadate for photoanode manufacture
No full textInternational audienceThe sol-gel method has emerged as a versatile approach for synthesizing complex oxide materials. In this study, BiVO4 powders and coatings were elaborated using bismuth neodecanoate as the bismuth source and vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VO(OC3H7)3) as the vanadium precursor. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction revealed the formation of a monoclinic crystalline phase, with the presence of characteristic diffraction planes in both powders and coatings. The effect of calcination temperature on particle size was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy, indicating a direct correlation between increasing temperature and particle growth. Raman and FTIR-ATR spectroscopies were employed to verify the functional groups associated with V–O and Bi–O bonds within the BiVO4 structure. The dip-coated thin films successfully deposited on FTO substrates exhibit a uniform morphology. UV–vis spectroscopy determined a bandgap energy around 2.6 eV. Linear voltammetry demonstrated encouraging initial photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance (near 0.1 mA/cm2 @ 1.23 V for a PFD of 2380 μmol/m2/s blue light) with undoped material, indicating potential for applications in sustainable energy conversion systems
La place de l’Histoire du droit et des institutions dans les pensées libertaires
No full textInternational audienc
Observation of production in collisions at = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector and constraints on anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings
No full textInternational audienceThis Letter reports the observation of triboson production in 140 fb of data collected by the ATLAS detector from proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of = 13 TeV at the LHC. Events with an opposite-charge pair, a high transverse-momentum photon, and significant missing transverse momentum are considered. The observed (expected) significance of the signal is 5.9 (6.0) standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross-section, defined for the final state is 6.2 0.8 (stat.) 0.6 (sys.) fb, in good agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 6.1 fb. Constraints on the Wilson coefficients of 13 dimension-8 operators describing physics beyond the Standard Model through anomalous quartic gauge-boson couplings are derived using the effective field theory framework