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Estudio REMAP
No full textEl consumo de tabaco ha disminuido en algunos países como resultado de las medidas de control adoptadas por los estados. Sin embargo, continúa siendo una de las principales causas de enfermedad, mortalidad prematura e inequidad en salud de los países de bajos y medianos ingresos. Entre ellos se encuentran los países de América Latina, donde las estrategias de marketing implementadas por la industria tabacalera impulsan la diseminación de la epidemia de tabaco. El principal objetivo de la industria tabacalera es iniciar y mantener la adicción a la nicotina, por lo cual no solo ha diseñado distintos productos que facilitan la llegada de
esta sustancia al cerebro, sino que invierte mucho tiempo y dinero en promocionarlos. Entre los nuevos productos se incluyen los cigarrillos electrónicos que generan un aerosol con nicotina, el tabaco calentado y las bolsas de nicotina. Además, han regresado al mercado productos como los cigarrillo saborizados y el tabaco para armar. Esta publicación no solo busca compartir evidencia científica rigurosa, sino también aportar herramientas útiles para la acción pública. A través de la colaboración con ministerios de salud, redes regionales y otras partes interesadas, este estudio pretende informar el diseño e implementación de
políticas públicas efectivas para proteger a adolescentes y jóvenes de la influencia del marketing de la industria tabacalera y de la expansión de nuevos productos de nicotina y tabaco en la región
The display and advertising of roll-your-own tobacco at points-of-sale in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru
No full textFil: Elicabe E. Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad; Buenos Aires, ArgentinaIntroduction: While roll-your-own tobacco consumption is highest in Europe, increased sales are reported in Latin America. We are unaware of any research that explores the display and advertising of roll-your-own tobacco in this region.
Methods: An observational study was conducted at tobacco-selling points-of-sale (N=2,081) near schools in cities in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru between April and July 2023. In each of the 16 cities (four per country) schools were randomly selected and stratified according to neighbourhood socioeconomic status, with all points-of-sale located in pre-established routes around schools observed. A codebook was used to assess the display of roll-your-own tobacco and accessories (i.e. rolling papers and filters) and the presence of advertising for these products. Logistic regressions were employed to estimate the association between the display of roll-your-own tobacco and accessories (defined as being visible at the point-of-sale) and type of point-of-sale, neighbourhood socioeconomic status, and city.
Results: Apart from a single store in Guatemala, roll-your-own tobacco and accessories were only observed in Argentina, at 110 (21.5%) points-of-sale. In Argentina, roll-your-own tobacco and accessories were more likely to be displayed in convenience and neighbourhood stores compared to kiosks, in high and middle socioeconomic neighbourhoods compared to low socioeconomic neighbourhoods, and in Cordoba and Santa Rosa than in Quilmes and San Salvador de Jujuy. Advertising for RYO tobacco (1.8%) and accessories (3.1%) at POS was uncommon.
Conclusion: This study provides insight into roll-your-own tobacco penetration in multiple Latin American countries, finding that the display of this product is largely restricted to Argentina.
Implications: Increasing sales of roll-your-own tobacco have been reported in Latin America. Despite this, there is limited academic research on the consumption of roll-your-own tobacco in this region and no research on its presence at the point-of-sale. This study provides insight into roll-your-own tobacco and accessories penetration in Argentina, Guatemala, Mexico and Peru, finding that display of this product at points-of-sale is generally limited to Argentina. Continued monitoring of the display and marketing of this product is needed across these countries. Research in Argentina exploring how roll-your-own tobacco and accessories are perceived by smokers and young people would be of value
A gravidez forçada de meninas e adolescentes na fronteira Roraima-Venezuela: Uma primeira abordagem
No full textFil: Soares Aguiar, Bruna. Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Unirio); BrasilEste artículo busca llamar la atención sobre la situación de embarazo forzado de niñas y adolescentes en la frontera entre Brasil y Venezuela, especialmente en el estado de Roraima. Con base en una recolección de datos de instituciones gubernamentales, revisión documental y entrevistas semiestructuradas con especialistas locales, se elaboró un diagnóstico inicial que refleja las principales causas del embarazo forzado de niñas venezolanas en el estado: i) precariedad en la estructura de salud; ii) fortalecimiento de una cultura de sexualización temprana de niñas y adolescentes; y iii) influencia de paradigmas religiosos en la política estatal. Con estas observaciones, se formularon recomendaciones en las áreas de protección del derecho al aborto, de acuerdo con la legislación brasileña, así como educación y difusión de información para la población migrante
Resumen ejecutivo: Aspiración endouterina para el aborto y posaborto en el primer nivel de atención
No full textFil: Gabriela Luchetti. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Consejo Consultivo de la Red de Acceso al Aborto Seguro (REDAAS); Neuquén, ArgentinaResumen ejecutivo del documento que tiene como propósito apoyar la toma de decisiones y la gestión de las políticas públicas en la provisión de abortos y la atención de posabortos con el uso de aspiración endouterina en instalaciones ambulatorias del primer nivel de atención, con el fin de mejorar el acceso y la calidad de las prestaciones. Documento completo disponible en: https://repositorio.cedes.org/handle/123456789/481
Executive Summary Plan ENIA 2017-2023: Life Opportunities for Adolescents in Argentina
No full textThe Plan for the Prevention of Unintended Pregnancy in Adolescence (Plan ENIA, in Spanish) marked a milestone in the field of public policies as regards sexual and reproductive health and rights in Argentina and Latin America. Firstly, because of its results: Plan ENIA contributed to reversing the trend of stagnation in adolescent-specific fertility rate (AFR of TEFA, for its acronym in Spanish) recorded in the country since the beginning of democracy (in 1983), bringing it to less than half of the rate recorded at the beginning of the policy; and secondly, because of its evidence-based design. This publication aims to document the core components of Plan ENIA’s design, implementation, and evaluation as a public policy initiative. It highlights the policy’s outcomes, the collective commitment that drove its development, and its contribution to creating new opportunities for personal development and social integration, while safeguarding the sexual and reproductive rights of girls and adolescents in Argentina
Intersectionality and interseccionalidad-the best of both worlds
No full textFil: White J. Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD, USA.Fil: Cordova-Gomez A. Office of Population and Reproductive Health, USAID/Public Health Institute; Washington, DC, USA.Fil: Mejía R. Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad (CEDES), Buenos Aires, Argentina.Clayton JA. Office of Research on Women's Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.In this personal view paper, we contrast an early form of intersectionality within Latin American social medicine in the early 20th century to a form of identity-based intersectionality advanced in the USA in the latter half of the same century. The proponents of social medicine grasped and applied the principles of intersectionality from the 1930s onward, focusing on the influence of intersectional contextual factors on health. We distinguish this form of intersectionality as "interseccionalidad." It foregrounds characteristics of oppressive systems or contexts and their effects on health. Although social medicine shares some similarities with social determinants of health, their approaches and interventions differ. Intersectionality and interseccionalidad both emphasize the role of power and oppressive systems, but systems dynamics are rarely discussed in the medical literature; therefore, we discuss systems change within healthcare and the health innovation ecosystem by using an established systems theoretic approach. Lastly, we give examples of and call for further development of ways to integrate the best of intersectionality and interseccionalidad in research and innovation
Modeling the Impact of Smoking on Mortality in Argentina From 2000 to 2100. A Maximum Potential Reduction in Premature Mortality Analysis
No full textFil: Salgado MV. Centro de Estudios de Estado y Sociedad; Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.Introduction: In Argentina, 23% of adults smoke; the future burden of smoking on mortality in the country is unknown. We estimate future smoking-attributable mortality if current smoking trends continue and compare this with an ideal scenario in which all smoking ceases in 2024.
Methods: We developed a discrete deterministic compartmental simulation model of cigarette smoking by birth cohort in Argentina. The model was validated against observed sex-specific adult smoking prevalence. We then simulated smoking prevalence, smoking-attributable deaths (SADs), and life-years lost (LYL) from 2000 to 2100 under a Status Quo scenario, where future smoking prevalence follows current trends. Additionally, we modeled an ideal scenario where all smoking ceases starting in 2024. We calculated the Maximum Potential Reduction in Premature Mortality (MPRPM) as the LYL difference between the two scenarios from 2024 to 2100.
Results: The model adequately reproduces observed smoking prevalence in Argentina. Approximately 55,700 SADs are estimated to occur in 2024. Under the Status Quo, over 4 million deaths due to smoking and around 79 million LYL would occur from 2000 to 2100. If all smoking had ceased in 2024, 49 million LYL due to smoking would still occur, resulting in an MPRPM of 30 million years, about 38% of the expected burden.
Conclusion: Argentina faces a significant smoking-attributable mortality burden this century, with a substantial portion already unavoidable due to past smoking. Further tobacco control interventions, however, could still considerably reduce premature deaths and years of life lost. Prompt action is needed to realize these potential health gains.
Implications: This modeling study provides an estimation of the future burden of smoking-attributable mortality in Argentina and highlights the maximum potential health benefits if all smoking would cease by 2024. While a portion of smoking-related mortality is unavoidable due to past smoking, the results show that further tobacco control interventions could still prevent a substantial number of premature deaths and life-years lost. These findings underscore the need for continued public health efforts to reduce smoking rates and mitigate its long-term effects on population health
Aspiración endouterina para el aborto y posaborto en el primer nivel de atención
No full textFil: Gabriela Luchetti. Universidad Nacional del Comahue. Consejo Consultivo de la Red de Acceso al Aborto Seguro (REDAAS); Neuquén, ArgentinaFil: Santiago Hasdeu. Centro Universitario de Estudios en Economía, Salud y Bienestar (CUESEB) de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue; Neuquén, ArgentinaEste documento tiene como propósito apoyar la toma de decisiones y la gestión de las políticas públicas en la provisión de abortos y la atención de posabortos con el uso de aspiración endouterina en instalaciones ambulatorias del primer nivel de atención, con el fin de mejorar el acceso y la calidad de las prestaciones
Resumen ejecutivo del Plan ENIA 2017-2023. Oportunidades de vida para adolescentes en la Argentina
No full textEl presente es el Resumen Ejecutivo de la publicación que describe los elementos centrales del diseño, la implementación y la evaluación del Plan ENIA como experiencia de política pública.Tiene el propósito de contribuir a futuras políticas en el país, en la región y en otros lugares del mundo. También, pretende dejar testimonio de sus resultados, del espíritu colectivo que lo animó y de la enorme satisfacción que significó para quienes se sumaron a la tarea colectiva de forjar nuevas oportunidades para el desarrollo personal de niñas y adolescentes de la Argentina y de garantizar sus derechos sexuales y reproductivos. A su vez, se recuperan las lecciones aprendidas y los aportes a la discusión sobre las buenas prácticas en políticas públicas en el campo de la salud y los derechos sexuales y reproductivos
