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Supports pédagogiques pour lutter contre les discriminations : du contre-discours au discours alternatif, des formes dites aux formes dissimulées.
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Enquête sur les terrains de stage du diplôme d’études spécialisées (DES) de Médecine interne et Immunologie clinique : état des lieux fin 2024, sept ans après la mise en place de la réforme du troisième cycle des études médicales en France
No full textInternational audienceObjectiveTo compile a list of approved training sites for the Residency Training Program [Diplôme d’Études Spécialisées] in Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology (DES-MIIC) in France.MethodAll local coordinators of the DES-MIIC were contacted to establish the list of approved internship sites for the MIIC DES within their geographical subdivision.ResultsWe listed 244 approved training sites, of which 87 (35.7%) were in university hospitals. Depending on the region/subdivision, the number of approved training sites varied significantly. Internship sites within and outside of university hospitals were approved for the core-phase in 85% (74/87) and 63.7% (100/157) of cases, for the “development phase” in 94.3% (82/87) and 84.1% (132/157) of cases and for the consolidation phase 80.5% (70/87) and 52.2% (82/157) of cases, respectively. The vacancy rate for selection was lower in university hospitals than in general hospitals with ratios of 1.5 (89.3% vs. 61%), 1.8 (88.8% vs. 48.9%) and 1.6 (88,5% vs. 55.4%) - for respectively the core, development and consolidation phases.ConclusionThirty-five percent of internship sites were located in University hospitals. Depending on the region/subdivision, the number of approved training sites for the DES-MIIC varies greatly. Half of internship positions are vacant outside of University hospitals, just as nearly half of training sites in these same hospitals lack approval for the “consolidation phase”.ObjectifRépertorier en France les terrains de stage agréés pour le diplôme d’études spécialisées (DES) de Médecine interne et Immunologie clinique (MIIC).MéthodeTous les coordonnateurs/trices locaux du DES de MIIC ont été contactés afin d’identifier les terrains de stage agréés pour le DES de MIIC dans leur subdivision.RésultatsNous avons répertorié 244 terrains de stage agréés, dont 87 (35,7 %) en centre hospitalier universitaire (CHU). En fonction des régions/subdivisions, le nombre des terrains de stage agréés pour le DES de MIIC varie beaucoup. Les terrains de stage de CHU et hors CHU ont l’agrément pour la phase socle dans 85 % (74/87) et 63,7 % (100/157) des cas, pour la phase d’approfondissement dans 94,3 % (82/87) et 84,1 % (132/157) des cas et pour la phase de consolidation dans 80,5 % (70/87) et 52,2 % (82/157) des cas, respectivement. Au cours du semestre d’hiver 2024, le nombre des postes occupés par rapport au nombre de postes ouverts au choix est plus important en CHU que hors CHU : en phase socle en CHU 133/149 (89,3 %) postes sont occupés versus 64/105 (61 %) hors CHU ; en phase d’approfondissement en CHU 150/169 (88,8 %) sont occupés versus 64/131 (48,9 %) hors CHU ; en phase de consolidation 77/87 (88,5 %) sont occupés versus 36/65 (55,4 %) hors CHU.ConclusionTrente-cinq pour cent des terrains de stage sont en CHU. En fonction des régions/subdivisions, le nombre des terrains de stage agréés pour le DES de MIIC varie beaucoup. Près de la moitié des terrains de stage hors CHU n’ont pas l’agrément pour la phase de consolidation. Au cours du semestre d’hiver 2024, près de la moitié des postes d’internes ouverts hors CHU n’étaient pas pourvus
Watching lanthanide nanoparticles one at a time: characterization of their photoluminescence dynamics at the single nanoparticle level
No full textInternational audienceLanthanide nanoparticles (LnNPs) feature sharp emission lines together with millisecond emission lifetimes which makes them promising luminescent probes for biosensing and bioimaging. Although LnNPs are gathering a large interest, their photoluminescence properties at the single nanoparticle level remain largely unexplored. Here, we employ fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and photoluminescence burst analysis to investigate the photodynamics of Sm and Eu-based LnNPs with single nanoparticle sensitivity and microsecond resolution. By recording the photoluminescence intensity and the number of contributing LnNPs, we compute the photoluminescence brightness per individual nanoparticle, and estimate the actual number of emitting centers per nanoparticle. Our approach overcomes the challenges associated with ensemble-averaged techniques and provides insights into LnNP photodynamics. Moreover, we demonstrate our microscope capability to detect and analyze LnNPs at the single nanoparticle level, monitoring both photoluminescence brightness and burst duration. These findings expand our understanding of LnNPs and pave the way for their advanced biosensing applications at the single nanoparticle level
Les migrations. Débats et controverses dans les espaces publics contemporains
No full textInternational audienceThis article focuses on the debates and controversies surrounding migration issues in contemporary public spaces. More specifically, it centers on the communicational challenges related to cultural coexistence, drawing on the findings of an ethnographic study conducted within a non-governmental organization (NGO) advocating for the rights of migrants. The analysis particularly examines how this NGO communicates with various audiences in a context marked by polarized opinions regarding people in migration situations.Cet article s'intéresse aux débats et aux controverses qui circulent dans les espaces publics au regard des questions migratoires. Plus précisément, nous centrons l'attention sur les enjeux communicationnels qui entourent la cohabitation culturelle, en nous basant sur les résultats d'une enquête ethnographique menée au sein d'une organisation non gouvernementale (ONG) de défense des droits des personnes migrantes. L'analyse porte notamment sur la manière dont cette ONG communique à destination de divers publics, dans un contexte de polarisation des opinions à l'égard des personnes en situation de migration
Revisiting the working principle of Fenna-Matthews-Olson photosynthetic complex
No full textUsing a formalism adapted to study transport in quantum open systems, that is the nonequilibrium Green's function formalism, we revisit the working principle of the most popular photosynthetic complex, namely the Fenna Matthews-Olson complex. We underline the driving force behind the exciton flow. We also show that in a realistic parameter regime, two mechanisms, one of which has not yet been proposed, may be at work to protect the reaction center from overheating.</div
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Myocarditis and Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment, but ICI myocarditis (ICI-M) remains a potentially fatal complication. The clinical implications and predictors of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <50% in ICI-M are not well understood.Objectives: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with LVEF <50% vs ≥50% at the time of hospitalization for ICI-M. A secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between LVEF and 30-day all-cause mortality.Methods: The International ICI-Myocarditis Registry, a retrospective, international, multicenter database, included 757 patients hospitalized with ICI-M. Patients were stratified by LVEF as reduced LVEF (<50%) or preserved LVEF (≥50%) on admission. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between LVEF and clinical events, and multivariable logistic regression was conducted to examine factors linked to LVEF.ResultsOf 757 patients, 707 had documented LVEFs on admission: 244 (35%) with LVEF <50% and 463 (65%) with LVEF ≥50%. Compared with patients with LVEF ≥50%, those with LVEF <50% were younger (<70 years), had a body mass index of <25 kg/m2, and were more likely to have received chest radiation (24.2% vs 13.5%; P < 0.001). Multivariable analysis identified predictors of LVEF <50%, including exposure to v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1/mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, pre-existing heart failure, dyspnea at presentation, and at least 40 days from ICI initiation to ICI-M onset. Conversely, myositis symptoms were associated with LVEF ≥50%. LVEF <50% was marginally associated with 30-day all-cause mortality (unadjusted log-rank P = 0.062; adjusted for age, cancer types, and ICI therapy, HR: 1.50; 95% CI: 1.02-2.20).Conclusions: Dyspnea, time from ICI initiation, a history of heart failure, and prior cardiotoxic therapy may be predictors of an initial LVEF <50% in patients with ICI-
Crystalline vs. amorphous Li4PS4I: Impact of structure on ionic transport and performances in solid-state battery
No full textInternational audienceAll-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) are emerging as next-generation energy storage solutions due to their potential advantages, including enhanced safety, higher energy density, and broader operational temperature ranges. Among various solid electrolytes, amorphous and crystalline Li4PS4I, have attracted interest due to their predicted high conductivity, and high moisture-tolerance. However, experimental studies have reported a wide variation in conductivity values for Li4PS4I, ranging from 0.03 to 3.5 mS.cm−1 at 298 K which are significantly lower than theoretical predictions. Herein, by employing a combination of X-ray diffraction (XRD), 31P magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (31P MAS NMR), electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), we demonstrate that controlling the crystallinity of Li4PS4I plays a crucial role in its electrochemical performance. Pair distribution function (PDF) analysis reveals the differences in local atomic arrangements between amorphous and crystalline Li4PS4I. Additionally, the analysis indicates that mechanical milling alters the local environment of PS4 tetrahedra and iodide anions, which may explain the discrepancy in conductivity. Furthermore, ASSBs incorporating amorphous-ceramic Li4PS4I in the cathode composite exhibit enhanced cycling stability compared to amorphous Li4PS4I. These findings underscore the potential of tuning crystallinity as an effective approach to optimize the ionic transport properties and cycling performance of ASSBs, paving the way for further advancements in solid electrolytes
Exploring Bird Gut Microbiota Through Opportunistic Fecal Sampling: Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives
No full textInternational audienceWetland ecosystems are facing alarming rates of destruction and degradation, posing significant challenges for avian populations reliant on these habitats. Bird health is closely linked to the composition of their intestinal microbiota, which is primarily influenced by local conditions, primarily through diet. Building on our previous work identifying dietary variations among bird populations in marshes within a Ramsar site along the Somme and Avre rivers (France), this pilot study aimed to assess the relevance of using fecal samples collected from the ground to characterize avian intestinal microbiota via 16S rRNA metabarcoding. We hypothesized that this noninvasive sampling method would capture how bird traits and environmental factors shape fecal microbiota composition. Sampling was conducted during the breeding season at seven locations (six within the Ramsar site and one on its outskirts) spanning rural or peri‐urban environments. A total of 52 fecal samples from nine bird species or families, predominantly waterbirds, were analyzed for bacterial composition. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were predominant, with the relative abundance of genera such as Clostridium , Rothia , Bacillus , Caldilinea and Pseudomonas varying among bird species. The potential enteropathogen Campylobacter was primarily detected in samples from peri‐urban sites. Multivariate analyses revealed significant variations in bacterial composition associated with bird trophic guild, ecology, body length, pond surface and habitat location. Additionally, a weak correlation was observed between host phylogeny and microbiota composition. Although the limited sample size, particularly for some species, constrains the robustness of these findings, the observed trends align with ecological expectations. This study highlights the potential of opportunistically collected fecal samples as a low‐impact tool for exploring the relationship between bird gut microbiota and their habitat
Study on symmetric/asymmetric hydrogen flame shapes in the thickness of a Hele-Shaw burner
No full textInternational audiencePremixed flame front shape, which drastically depends on boundary conditions, is closely related to its propagation speed. In this work, we focus on the symmetry of steady premixed hydrogen-air flames propagating in a narrow channel, like a Hele-Shaw burner. A wide range of equivalence ratios (0.35 -2.0) and channel widths (1.8 mm -4.8 mm) are analyzed by performing detailed simulations validated by experiments. A multiplicity of steady flame shape is found for channel widths above a certain critical value, that is related to flame cutoff wavelength. Our numerical results successfully reproduce steady flame fronts observed in experiments. Notably, transitions from symmetric to asymmetric with equivalence ratio are reproduced. Additionally, an increase in channel width reduces the region of symmetric solutions. Furthermore, The study explores the effects of the Darrieus-Landau instability and thermodiffusive effects on flame shapes, presenting a stability diagram for symmetric/asymmetric flame configurations. Throughout the study, an increase in flame area is associated with the asymmetry level of the flame front, showing a trend that first increases and then decreases with the equivalence ratio. The global consumption rate relative to laminar flame speed decreases monotonously with increasing equivalence ratio. It is determined by the flame area increment and stabilizing (destabilizing) effects on convex flame fronts at Lewis number greater (smaller) than 1. This effect is quantified and proved independent of flame symmetry and channel width. For very lean mixtures, the differential species diffusion significantly strengthens the consumption rate. A prediction model is established to determine the flame front length given a certain equivalence ratio and channel width
Medieval landscapes of Corsica: Farming and cultural practices and environments as evidenced by an anthracological study of three archaeological castellated sites (Rostino, Contudine and L’Ortolo)
No full textInternational audienceThe medieval landscapes of Corsica are still poorly known because written sources are scarce and few anthracological analyses have been carried out. Medieval rescue archaeology is little developed in the island. The programmed excavations mainly focus on castra – castellated sites grouped and fortified from the year 1000 and designed to shelter the inermes in the protective shade of the manorial tower. However, Corsica is of major paleoecological interest: it is a mountain seated in the middle of the sea where altitudinal vegetation changes are very rapid, and its granitic and volcanic origin has led to the development of silicicolous vegetation. The anthracological analyses carried out on the castra of Contudine, Rostino and L’Ortolo offer the possibility of reconstructing their woody environment and sometimes their evolution between the 13th and 15th centuries. They also lead toa better understanding of the practices linked to firewood or timber collection. In this perspective, new tools such as anthraco-entomology or quantitative eco-anatomy bring a decisive contribution: the way in which wood was collected for the domestic hearth is better understood, and the results highlight that fruit crops – which were enriched by new species – clearly increased at the end of the Middle Ages.Les paysages médiévaux de la Corse sont encore mal connus car les sources écrites sont rares et peu d'analyses anthracologiques y ont été réalisées. L'archéologie préventive médiévale est encore peu développée dans l'île malgré les 47 opérations conduites par l'Inrap depuis 2004. Les fouilles programmées portent essentiellement sur des castra, c'est-à-dire des sites regroupés et fortifiés qui s'épanouissent à partir de l'an 1000. Ils abritent les inermes à l'ombre protectrice de la tour seigneuriale. Mais la Corse présente un intérêt paléoécologique majeur : c'est une montagne dans la mer où les changements altitudinaux de végétation sont très rapides et son origine granitique et volcanique a entraîné le développement d'une végétation silicicole. Les analyses anthracologiques effectuées sur les castra de Contudine, Rostino et L'Ortolo offrent la possibilité de reconstituer leur environnement boisé et parfois leur évolution entre le XIIe et le XVe siècle. Elles permettent également de mieux comprendre les pratiques liées à la collecte de bois de chauffage ou de bois d'œuvre. Dans cette perspective, de nouveaux outils comme l'anthraco-entomologie ou l'éco-anatomie quantitative apportent une contribution décisive : la manière dont le bois était collecté pour le foyer domestique est mieux comprise, et les résultats mettent en évidence que les cultures fruitières - qui se sont enrichies de nouvelles espèces - se sont nettement développées à la fin du Moyen Age et parfois de manière très intensive, en particulier pour la culture de l'olivier