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From Carbon to Societal Footprint: Geoscience Research in the Face of the Socio-Environmental Emergency
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Clinical presentation, management and outcome of 11132 patients with liposarcoma: a population-based study from the NETSARC+ registry
No full textInternational audienceBackground Liposarcomas (LPS) are among the most common sarcomas, but gather a diversity of rare to ultrarare molecular subtypes whose presentations and natural histories are partially characterized. The aim of the work was to describe the presentation and outcome of the different LPS histotypes from the NETSARC+ registry. Methods NETSARC+ (netsarc.org) is a network of 26 reference sarcoma centers with specialized multidisciplinary tumor boards (MDTB), funded by the French INCA since 2010 aiming to improve the quality of care of sarcoma patients. Patients' characteristics, treatment and outcomes are collected in a nationwide database. This work describes the outcome of all LPS confirmed by central review pathology review and integrated between 2010 and 2023 in the NETSARC+ database. Findings 11,132 liposarcomas are included in the database for an estimated incidence of 11.5/10 6 /y. Median age was 65 (Q1-Q3: 53-74, range 0-97 y), with 6529 males (58.7%), with 4220 (37.9%) dedifferentiated (DDLPS), 1838 (16.5%) well differentiated LPS (WDLPS) & 2424 (21.8%) atypical lipomatous tumours (ALT), 1371 (12.3%) myxoid LPS (MyxLPS), 450 (4.0%) pleomorphic LPS (PLPS), 177 (1.6%) high grade myxoid LPS (HGMLPS), 24 (0.2%) mixed type liposarcomas (MTLPS), 14 (0.1%) myxoid pleomorphic LPS (MPLPS) and 614 (5.5%) non classified LPS (NCLPS). Age, sex and sites differed across histotypes, but overall, all histotypes were represent in all age groups and sites. We report first on a difference in the sex ratio of liposarcoma in different age groups. Women were less frequently affected with liposarcomas after 50, in DDLPS, MyxLPS and HGMLPS. The median overall survival of DDLPS was 144 months, significantly worse than that of MyxLPS (HR: 0.26 [95% CI 0.21–0.33]), PLPS (HR: 0.76 [95% CI 0.59–0.98]), HGMLPS (HR: 0.30 [95% CI 0.18–0.50]), WDLPS (HR: 0.30 [95% CI 0.24–0.37]), unclassified LPS (HR: 0.53 [95% CI 0.37–0.75]). In addition to a lower incidence, women aged >50 had a better relapse free and overall survival than male, while this was not observed in the group aged 50 or under. In multivariate analyses, size and age were independent prognostic factors for the most common subgroups, but specific prognostic parameters were observed in each molecular subgroup. Female >50 was an independent favorable prognostic factor for the largest groups of DDLPS. Interpretation In this nationwide series of pathology-confirmed LPS, the clinical presentation, management and survival of histotypes are very different with age-related sex differences favoring women >50. DDLPS is the subtype with the worse prognosi
Distance to the End: The Question of UNsustainability
No full textThis paper considers the dynamics of pollution and sustainable growth in a context where the detrimental effects of pollution on total factor productivity can push the economy to a point of collapse. With environmental policy constrained by tax revenues, we investigate how the proximity to collapse -distance to the end -influences the balance between mitigation and adaptation spending. We show that adaptation policies are recommended when pollution intensity is high, whereas mitigation policies may be more effective when pollution intensity is low. Financing these policies by a carbon tax is more effective than an income tax. Examining the welfare of present and future generations, we reveal that the trade-off between mitigation and adaptation does not align across generations: while current generations may prefer adaptation, future generations tend to benefit more from mitigation
PERFECT CODES IN THE HOMOGENEOUS METRIC
No full textInternational audienceWe study perfect codes in the homogeneous metric over the ring Z 2 k , k ≥ 2. Arithmetic non-existence results are derived from Diophantine equations on the parameters resulting from the sphere packing conditions. A Lloyd theorem based on the theory of weakly metric association schemes is derived.</div
Intelligence artificielle et création littéraire : expériences et perspectives
No full textInternational audienceThis article addresses the question of the place of text-generating artificial intelligence in the learning and practice of literary creation based on a concrete case study. Based on a comparison of the output of ChatGPT and first-year students on a bachelor's degree course in literature and writing, in response to the same writing prompt, and on work carried out with Patrice Bellot from the Computer Science and Systems Laboratory at the University of Aix-Marseille, the aim is to provide an overview of the creative capabilities (and limitations) of text-generating AI, evaluating them in light of work on the psychology of creativity and from the perspective of literary value in a learning situation. The next step is to see what perspectives can be opened up by knowledge of the processes of literary creation derived from the study of writers' drafts, in order to move from learning through language models to learning through writing and creativity models, as proposed by the Cré@lame project funded by the ANR as part of the 2024 generic call for proposals.Cet article aborde la question de la place de l’intelligence artificielle génératrice de texte dans l’apprentissage et la pratique de la création littéraire à partir d’un cas concret. En s’appuyant sur une comparaison des productions de ChatGPT et d’étudiants en première année de licence « lettres et écritures », en réponse à une même proposition d’écriture et sur des travaux menés avec Patrice Bellot du Laboratoire Informatique et Systèmes de l’université d’Aix-Marseille, il s’agit de donner un aperçu des capacités (et des limites) créatives des IA génératives de texte, en les évaluant à la lumière des travaux sur la psychologie de la créativité et du point de vue de la valeur littéraire en situation d’apprentissage. Il s’agit ensuite de voir quelles perspectives peut ouvrir une connaissance des processus de création littéraire issue de l’étude des brouillons des écrivains, pour passer d’un apprentissage par modèle de langage à un apprentissage par modèle d’écriture et de créativité, ce que propose le projet Cré@lame financé par l’ANR dans le cadre de l’AAP générique 2024
Light propofol anaesthesia for non-invasive auditory EEG recording in unrestrained non-human primates
No full textNon-invasive electroencephalographic (EEG) experiments have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in the production and perception of sounds and human speech. Performing similar experiments in non-human primates (NHPs) would help further deepen our knowledge by allowing us to investigate the evolutionary roots of these processes. However, performing EEG on NHPs is a challenge, given its sensitivity to motion artefacts, device cost and durability, and animal training requirements. For these reasons, most attempts have used invasive intracranial recordings, which led us to develop an alternative that minimises stress and prioritises animal welfare. By using mild propofol sedation, neurophysiological experimentation can easily be integrated into the routine sanitary checks of captive animals and allows the optimisation of both EEG quality and animal welfare. To assess the influence of propofol on brain activity in NHPs, we sedated three olive baboons ( Papio anubis ), scored their sleep stages under different doses, and recorded auditory event-related potentials (ERP)in response to grunts. Analyses of the EEG recordings with regards to sleep stage and ERP components indicate that at low dose (< 0.1mg/kg/h), propofol induces a light sleep state conducive to recording stimulus-elicited auditory activity. Overall, this experiment confirms the use of propofol sedation as an appropriate technique to study auditory processes through unrestrained, non-invasive EEG in NHPs
La rhinite allergique : prise en charge et conseils à l’officine
No full textLa rhinite allergique est un véritable problème de santé publique. Cette affection touche 10 à 25% de la population mondiale et est l’affection la plus courante des allergies respiratoires, qui sont classées au 4e rang des affections chroniques dans le monde d’après l’OMS (Organisation Mondiale de la Santé). L’impact de la rhinite allergique dans la vie du patient rhinitique est variable d’un patient à l’autre. Les patients qui consultent sont généralement ceux pour lesquels le retentissement dans leur vie est particulièrement important. Une détection précoce de la rhinite allergique et une prise en charge correcte sont importantes car elles permettent d’éviter une progression vers des pathologies plus sévères et difficiles à traiter, telles que l’asthme, qui est la principale comorbidité de la rhinite allergique. La relation entre rhinite allergique et asthme est suffisamment avérée pour rechercher un asthme devant un tableau de rhinite allergique, ce qui est encouragé par l’ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma) d’autant plus que le risque de développer un asthme chez le patient est augmenté par une absence de prise en charge du rhume des foins. Entre la médecine non conventionnelle qui est de plus en plus plébiscitée et qui s’impose actuellement comme une alternative et/ou un complément aux traitements conventionnels, et les classes médicamenteuses recommandées dans la prise en charge de la rhinite allergique, il est possible d’adapter la meilleure prise en charge pour chaque patient et ainsi obtenir une bonne observance afin de mieux contrôler la pathologie et réduire ses impacts. Le pharmacien a un rôle central d’information, de prévention, de conseils et d’éducation thérapeutique auprès du patient
Jouez, comparez, apprenez : l'intelligence animale qui vous surprendra !
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High-resolution acoustic recordings of wild free-ranging short-beaked common dolphins for etho-acoustical and repertoire studies
No full textPublisher: Copernicus GmbHInternational audienceDolphins are highly vocal cetaceans with a complex acoustic repertoire. These marine mammals rely heavily on sound for critical activities: echolocation clicks for navigation and prey detection, whistles for social communication, and pulsed sounds for less well-documented purposes. Understanding their acoustic behaviour is essential for insights into their ecology, social structure, and responses to anthropogenic noise. However, to date, there has been a lack of open-access datasets of acoustic recordings of wild free-ranging short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) coupled with observational data. Here, we present a new dataset (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14637674, Lehnhoff, 2025a) of high-resolution acoustic recordings of (D. delphis) observed in various behavioural states, including foraging, travelling, socializing, milling, and attraction to the boat. The dataset was collected in the northern Bay of Biscay, France, in the summers of 2020 to 2022 during surveys conducted as part of the DOLPHINFREE project. Audio recordings were made during opportunistic encounters using two devices: a single high-quality hydrophone (sampling rate 512 kHz and bit depth 32 bits) and a compact array of four hydrophones (256 to 512 kHz and 16 to 24 bits) for localization purposes. The dataset comprises over 400 min of unedited audio recordings of D. delphis accompanied by visual observations. In total, we identified about 68 000 echolocation clicks, 4600 whistle contours, and more than 350 pulsed sounds. This comprehensive resource is invaluable for detailed studies of the acoustic repertoire of (D. delphis), coupled with behavioural studies or analyses of the directionality of their acoustic emissions
Poultry Manure-Derived Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Valorization in Agriculture: Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Metal-Salt Modification
No full textInternational audienceIn the present work, six biochars were produced from the pyrolysis of poultry manure at 400 • C and 600 • C (PM-B-400 and PM-B-600), and their post-modification with, respectively, iron chloride (PM-B-400-Fe and PM-B-600-Fe) and potassium permanganate (PM-B-400-Mn and PM-B-600-Mn). First, these biochars were deeply characterized through the assessment of their particle size distribution, pH, electrical conductivity, pH at pointzero charge, mineral composition, morphological structure, and surface functionality and crystallinity, and then valorized as biofertilizer to grow spring barley at pot-scale for 40 days. Characterization results showed that Fe-and Mn-based nanoparticles were successfully loaded onto the surface of the post-modified biochars, which significantly enhanced their structural and surface chemical properties. Moreover, compared to the control treatment, both raw and post-modified biochars significantly improved the growth parameters of spring barley plants (shoot and root length, biomass weight, and nutrient content). The highest biomass production was obtained for the treatment with PM-B-400-Fe, owing to its enhanced physico-chemical properties and its higher ability in releasing nutrients and immobilizing heavy metals. These results highlight the potential use of Fe-modified poultry manure-derived biochar produced at low temperatures as a sustainable biofertilizer for soil enhancement and crop yield improvement, while addressing manure management issues