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Land use modelling needs to better account for multiple cropping to inform pathways for sustainable agriculture
No full textInternational audienceMultiple cropping, the simultaneous cultivation of several crops in space or time, is a global practice essential for intensifying and diversifying agriculture. Despite its substantial impact on environmental and socioeconomic outcomes of farming, multiple cropping is hardly accounted for in assessments of global food production, sustainability, and climate impacts. Such studies, often relying on modelling of cropping systems, land use change, and eventually the Earth system, are of growing importance in decision-making and policymaking. However, they primarily assume monocropping, neglecting carryover effects between crops and their implications for land use. This limitation compromises the representativeness of these studies and the conclusions they draw, essentially overlooking a substantial option space for sustainable intensification, nature-based solutions, and resulting land-atmosphere feedback. Herein, we outline the relevance of multiple cropping, reflect on its consideration in land-use models, and identify development requirements to enhance their inclusion in informing policymaking for sustainable food systems
Climate Change and Viticulture in Liguria: Regional Perceptions, Impacts, and Adaptive Responses
No full textInternational audienceLigurian viticulture is characterized by a fragmented landscape and diverse microclimatic conditions, presenting both challenges and opportunities for grape production under climate change. This study investigates the perceived impacts of climate change on viticulture in Eastern (Levante) and Western (Ponente) Liguria, with a focus on vine growth dynamics, productivity, and the adaptation strategies adopted by local winegrowers. Semi-structured interviews with 48 winemakers revealed significant shifts in grape maturation (p < 0.001), earlier harvest dates, and increased vulnerability to fungal diseases (p < 0.01), primarily driven by rising temperatures and altered precipitation regimes. A notable rise in extreme temperature events (p < 0.01) was reported, with all respondents (100%) observing irregular seasonal temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, climate change was linked to changes in local fauna, particularly the expansion of ungulate populations (p < 0.001), leading to increased vineyard damage. In response, growers have adopted a range of adaptive measures, including drought-resistant rootstocks (e.g., M-series), traditional training systems (Guyot, Alberello), and local innovations such as the low pergola in Cinque Terre. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed region-specific adaptation profiles, underscoring the influence of environmental and agronomic variability on viticultural resilience. Logistic regression identified temperature variability, disease incidence, and precipitation shifts as key predictors of perceived climate impact. The results underscore the urgency of developing regionally tailored adaptation strategies to sustain viticulture in Liguria’s complex and changing landscape
"Combat de nègre et de chiens : quand la garde fait sécession"
No full textJe souhaite que cet article soit sous embargo jusqu'en février 2026International audienceDe la fin du mois de janvier aux premiers jours du mois de mars 1978, Bernard-Marie Koltès séjourne chez des amis installés dans une concession Dumez près d'Ahoada, dans le sud-est du Nigeria. Après l'expérience difficile qu'a constituée pour lui l'écriture de Salinger, pièce que lui avait commandée le metteur en scène Bruno Boëglin, ce voyage promet à l'auteur de « mener une petite enquête sur les multinationales et le reste » mais aussi de découvrir l'Afrique, dont il n'a alors foulé le sol qu'une seule fois, en 1964, en se rendant au Maroc avec ses parents et ses frères. Le cadre de la concession et du chantier qui le jouxte impriment de leurs marques son imaginaire. Entouré de barbelés et de miradors, ce lieu, dont le décor de Combat de nègre et de chiens reproduit les principales caractéristiques, est surveillé par des vigiles dont la présence impressionne durablement Koltès. S'ils ne figurent pas dans la dramatis personae, dont l'énoncé se borne à désigner Horn, Cal, Alboury et Léone comme les protagonistes de la pièce, ils sont pourtant présentés comme l'élément qui a motivé son impulsion créatrice, ainsi qu'il l'affirme dans un entretien publié au début de l'année 1983 : « C'est ça qui m'avait décidé à écrire cette pièce, le cri des gardes. Par leur statut même, ces personnages mettent l'accent sur un phénomène qui s'observe dans l'ensemble de l'oeuvre de Koltès : la porosité qu'y revêt le lieu, dont les frontières ne sont posées que pour être remises en cause, de la maison où prennent place L'Héritage et Le Retour au désert à la prison et à l'appartement de la Gamine dans Roberto Zucco, en passant par le hangar où se sont réfugiés Charles et les siens dans Quai ouest. Si cette problématique a fait l'objet de nombreuses études, notamment à l'occasion des premières rencontres organisées en l'honneur de Koltès à Metz, sa ville natale, en 1999, aucune analyse n'a jusqu'ici été consacrée aux gardes de Combat de nègre et de chiens
Are Stress and Burnout Specific to French Teachers of Autistic Students? A Comparative Study With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Conduct Disorder
No full textInternational audienceTeachers working with autistic children are at a great risk of stress and burnout, particularly in mainstream classrooms. To identify the general relationship between including a child with a mental disability and teachers' burnout and stress, as well as to discern any autism spectrum disorder (ASD)‐specific associations, this study compared teachers' experiences with children with ASD, attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and conduct disorder (CD) and typical children (control group). Two comparisons with a total sample of 907 teachers were conducted: one involving mainstream teachers (three groups: ASD, ADHD, and control) and one with specialized teachers (two groups: ASD and CD). Participants completed scales measuring perceived stress, self‐efficacy, perceived social support, coping, and burnout. The hypothesis that autism is specifically associated with teachers' burnout was chiefly rejected based on the results; instead, the intensity of behavioral problems appeared to be central. Clinical implications and research perspectives are discussed, particularly regarding the importance of training teachers in children's specific needs and inclusive pedagogy
Pilot-wave hydrodynamics of a particle in a density-stratified fluid
No full textInternational audienceInspired by bouncing drop experiments that revealed how macroscopic systems can exhibit waveparticle properties previously thought to be exclusive to quantum systems, we introduce here a new wave-particle system based on internal gravity waves propagating in density-stratified fluids. Recent experiments on particles (called ludions) oscillating in such a fluid medium suggest that wave-particle interactions can induce symmetry breaking, leading to spontaneous self-propulsion of the particle in the horizontal plane. Here, we propose a minimal hydrodynamic theory showing that this instability can be explained by a Doppler force emerging from interactions between the ludion and its own wave field. We validate our theoretical predictions using direct numerical simulations, which confirm that the growth of the instability is determined by the particle oscillation amplitude. In wall-bounded domains, reflections of the internal waves create a Casimir-like potential that rapidly develops and constrains the particle motion. Despite the presence of the Doppler force, this potential governs the ludion long-term dynamics, leading to capture in fixed points or chaotic attractors near the potential wells. We show that the essential features of this behavior are well captured by a minimal dynamical model. Our findings establish the ludion as a novel hydrodynamic pilot-wave system, offering a new platform for exploring macroscopic wave-particle behaviors, particularly in three-dimensional configurations
L'IA en action : écrire comme une machine
No full textNational audienceThis article analyzes the irruption of language models (LLM) in writing routines (marketing, customer relations, legal/financial, journalism, higher education). These systems do not "write" in the human sense: they generate text by statistical prediction; value is born from a co-production where the human frames the instruction, verifies the factual, adjusts the style and assumes editorial responsibility.Cet article analyse l'irruption des modèles de langage (LLM) dans les routines d'écriture (marketing, relation client, juridique/financier, journalisme, enseignement supérieur). Ces systèmes n'"écrivent" pas au sens humain : ils génèrent du texte par prédiction statistique; la valeur naît d'une co-production où l'humain cadre la consigne, vérifie le factuel, ajuste le style et assume la responsabilité éditoriale
The Uncanniness of the feminine in relation to contemporary
No full textInternational audienceAlthough, for Freud, libido is always masculine, the enigma is always feminine, for men and women. The difference between the one sex and the other concerns how each is positioned in relation to this enigma, which is the rebellious part that does not submit to the laws of language. This concerns each person’s mode of jouissance. The uncanniness of the feminine has always provoked humans in their relation to truth. In this article, the author explores the current character of the relation to the enigma of the feminine, through an analysis of the ideals and normative discourses that surround it
Locating the missing chlorophylls f in far-red photosystem I
No full textInternational audienceThe discovery of chlorophyll f-containing photosystems, with their long-wavelength photochemistry, represented a distinct, low-energy paradigm for oxygenic photosynthesis. Structural studies on chlorophyll f-containing photosystem I could identify some chlorophylls f sites, but none among the photochemically active pigments and concluded that chlorophyll f plays no photochemical role. Here, we report two cryo-EM structures of far-red PSI from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203, allowing the assignment of eight chlorophylls f molecules, including the redox active A -1B . Simulations of absorption difference spectra induced by charge separation indicate that the experimental spectra can be reproduced only by considering the presence of a chlorophyll f at the A -1B site. The chlorophyll f locations, wavelength assignments, and conserved far-red-specific residues provide functional insights for efficient use of long wavelength photons
Vorticity effects on steady nonlinear periodic gravity-capillary waves in finite depth
No full textInternational audiencePeriodic gravity-capillary waves on a fluid of finite depth with constant vorticity are studied theoretically and numerically. The classical Stokes expansion method is applied to obtain the wave profile and the interior flow up to the fourth-order of approximation, which thereby extends the works of Barakat & Houston (1968) and Hsu et al. (2016). The classical perturbation scheme possesses singularities for certain wavenumbers, whose variations with depth are shown to be affected by the vorticity. This analysis also reveals that for any given value of the physical depth, there exist a threshold value of the vorticity above which there are no singularities in the theoretical solution. The validity of the third and fourth-order solutions is examined by comparison with exact numerical results, which are obtained with a method based on conformal mapping and Fourier series expansions of the wave surface.The outcomes of this comparison are surprising as they report important differences in the internal flow structure, when compared with the third-order predictions, even though both approximations predict almost perfectly the phase velocity and the surface profiles. Usually, this occur when the wavenumber is far enough a critical value and the steepness is not too large. In these non resonant cases, it is found that the fourth-order theory is more consistent with the exact numerical results. With negative vorticity the improvement is noticeable both beneath the crest and the trough, whereas with positive vorticity the fourth-order theory does a better job either beneath the crest or beneath the trough, depending of the type of the wave.</div
Validation d'un score angiographique pour le suivi du syndrome de Susac : une approche standardisée
No full textObjectif : à ce jour, il n'existe pas de score standardisé pour l'interprétation des angiographies à la fluorescéine (AF) dans le cadre du syndrome de Susac. L’objectif de cette étude était de proposer une évaluation angiographique standardisée en adaptant un score validé dans l’uvéite au contexte spécifique du syndrome de Susac. Méthodes : une analyse rétrospective a été réalisée chez des patients diagnostiqués avec un syndrome de Susac. Les angiographies ont été évaluées à l’aide d’un score structuré basé sur des caractéristiques angiographiques prédéfinies et en fonction de leur localisation par quadrants rétiniens. La présence de ces items a été additionnée pour générer un score total. La concordance inter observateur du score angiographique a été évaluée entre deux examinateurs indépendants. Résultats : de juillet 2015 à mai 2024, 10 patients (âge moyen 32±13 ans ; 60 % d’hommes) ont été inclus. Un total de 83 AF bilatérales (166 yeux) a été analysé, chaque patient ayant bénéficié de 2 à 17 examens (médiane = 8) sur une durée moyenne de suivi de 42,6±30,2 mois. Une diffusion artérielle était présente chez 56,63 % des patients, et une non-perfusion capillaire ou une occlusion artérielle chez 66,27 % des patients. L’apparition de nouveaux signes de diffusion artérielle et/ou de non-perfusion a été documentée dans 33,13 % des angiographies de suivi. La majorité des items ont montré un excellent accord inter observateur, avec un coefficient kappa de Cohen supérieur à 0,8, et tous, sauf un, présentaient un kappa supérieur à 0,7. Conclusion : ce score angiographique s’est révélé valide et reproductible pour l’évaluation du syndrome Susac. Des études prospectives complémentaires sont nécessaires pour évaluer son application à des cohortes plus larges, analyser la réponse au traitement et déterminer son utilité dans l’aide aux décisions thérapeutiques