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Relation between leading divergences in nonrenormalizable supersymmetric theories
No full textInternational audienceWe consider an nonrenormalizable supersymmetric gauge theory with the superpotential quartic in the chiral matter superfields. With the help of the Slavnov's higher covariant derivative regularization it is demonstrated that (in the lowest nontrivial order) the leading power divergent quantum correction to the gauge coupling constant is given by an integral of double total derivatives with respect to the loop momenta. The result obtained after calculating this integral turned out to be proportional to the corresponding quantum correction to the kinetic term of the matter superfields. More exactly, in the considered approximation the quadratically divergent contributions to the gauge coupling and to the kinetic term of the chiral matter superfields are related by an equation analogous to the exact NSVZ -function for the renormalizable case
Modèles précurseurs : Un cadre théorique pour enseigner et apprendre les sciences à l’école primaire
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Classe flexible et formation initiale en master FLE :Effets sur les pratiques professionnelles et représentations des futurs enseignants
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Spin-filament alignments to unravel galaxy evolution and model intrinsic alignments
No full textInternational audienceBy the 2040s, several all-sky surveys will have transformed our view of the large-scale structure. However, one of the major outstanding questions in astrophysics will remain: understanding how galaxies acquire and evolve their angular momentum and how this connects to the cosmic web. Measuring the alignments between galaxy spins and cosmic filaments across cosmic time, and understanding what this reveals about galaxy evolution, requires surveys that also characterise intrinsic alignments, i.e. correlations in galaxy shapes produced by the cosmic web itself rather than by lensing. Intrinsic alignments are a major source of systematic error in weak-lensing measurements of the fundamental parameters of the Universe. Addressing both questions together will necessitate new types of MOS surveys that combine kinematic information with high-completeness redshifts down to at least 24-25mag. To achieve our science goals, we require a new generation of wide-field spectroscopic facilities that can obtain spin-filament alignment measurements for millions of galaxies while simultaneously delivering sub-Mpc resolution of the cosmic web and spatially-resolved kinematics required to map the spin-filament connection at the level of individual galaxies within their local cosmic environment. Such a program would provide a unique legacy survey of galaxies and cosmic structures from kiloparsec to megaparsec scales, establishing ESO's leadership in bridging the physics of galaxy evolution with the systematic-control requirements for Stage-IV cosmological surveys
Multi-analytical identification of the synthetic opioids cychlorphine and methiodone (IC-26) in drug seizures: first detection in Europe
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Objectives The rapid emergence of highly potent synthetic opioids represents a growing challenge for forensic and clinical laboratories. Methods We report the first identification in Europe of methiodone (IC-26) and the first detection in France of cychlorphine in drug samples collected by a drug-checking service in Paris. Results Preliminary screening by liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (LC-DAD) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed unknown peaks due to the lack of corresponding spectra in available spectral librairies. High-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) provided accurate mass measurements consistent with the cychlorphine and Methiodone formulas. Structural confirmation was obtained by 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Targeted LC-MS/MS quantified 5 % cychlorphine and 2 % methiodone, with no other psychoactive compounds detected. Conclusions These results highlight the limitations of library-based screening and the value of multi-platform strategies integrating LC-HRMS, LC-MS/MS, and NMR for the early detection of emerging drugs
Design-fiction approach as a support for creative design activities in prospective ergonomics: an exploratory study
No full textInternational audienceIn a context of accelerated and unpredictable changes, organisations consider ‘alternative futures’ in order to enhance their anticipation strategies. This approach could be applied to prospective ergonomics in order, on the one hand, to consider very long-term scenarios involving the design of complex future situations, often characterised by ‘ill-defined’ and ‘open’ problems, and, on the other hand, to train ergonomists in prospective practice. With this in mind, an exploratory study compared two prospective approaches: one called prospective design, based on a continuity of the present in order to envision probable and/or preferable futures (referring to the concept of probable/preferable future activity, classically used in prospective ergonomics), and the other called design-fiction, inspired by science fiction to imagine alternative futures. The results indicate that design-fiction encourages the development of well-argued creative ideas, and stimulates critical thinking, by encouraging participants to envisage alternative futures, while stimulating in-depth reflection on potential future issues
Plant diversity enhances ecosystem resistance to increasing grazing pressure in global drylands
No full textInternational audienceUnderstanding the mechanisms that shape ecosystem resistance to increasing livestock grazing pressure, a major driver of land degradation, is essential for predicting its impacts and informing sustainable land management strategies. This issue is particularly relevant in drylands, which host half of the world’s livestock production and are highly vulnerable to desertification caused by overgrazing. Here we conduct a standardized field survey across 73 dryland sites in 25 countries to simultaneously evaluate how climatic, edaphic, vegetation and grazing-related factors influence ecosystem resistance—defined here as the capacity to maintain vegetation cover under increasing grazing pressure. We found that increasing grazing pressure reduced vegetation cover in 80% of sites, with an average decline of 35%. Plant species richness emerged as the strongest predictor of ecosystem resistance, with higher richness associated with lower vegetation cover loss. Functional trait data indicated that this positive effect was mainly explained by complementarity in trait values among plants, rather than by functional redundancy. Our results indicate that conserving plant diversity is key to strengthening ecosystem resistance and sustaining dryland functioning under intensifying grazing pressur
Physiopathology of fibrinolysis in sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation: Emerging mechanisms and pharmacological targets
No full textInternational audienceSeptic shock represents the most severe form of an infection, marked by a dysregulated host response that can lead to multiple organ failure and death. Among these patients, 30-40% develop disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), a life-threatening complication associated with a 60% increase in mortality. DIC is characterized by widespread activation of the coagulation cascade, resulting in disseminated microthrombi and a hypercoagulable state. This prothrombotic profile arises from the upregulated expression of tissue factor by endothelial cells, monocytes, and neutrophils, combined with insufficient regulation by endogenous anticoagulant pathways. In addition, a profound impairment of fibrinolysis further contributes to this imbalance. Initially, this fibrinolytic insufficiency was attributed to elevated plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor. More recently, it has been shown that DIC-associated fibrinolytic insufficiency during septic shock involves plasminogen degradation driven by neutrophil elastase carried by neutrophil extracellular traps circulating in patients' plasma.The failure to resolve this hypercoagulable state and restore hemostatic balance has emerged as a key determinant of poor outcomes in DIC. Therefore, elucidating the mechanisms underlying fibrinolytic insufficiency is very important both to identify at-risk patients and to treat DIC.This review provides an overview of the most recent advances in our understanding of fibrinolytic dysregulation in sepsis-induced DIC, with a particular focus on emerging molecular mechanisms and their implications for the identification of novel pharmacological targets
Faith-Based Platforms
No full textWe develop a new model of faith-based organizations (FBOs) as multi-sided platforms. Faithbased platforms (FBPs) offer two types of services. The first is a religious service that includes providing a moral narrative, giving guidance and counselling, and proposing access to the divine through prayer, meditation or rituals. The second is a networking service that allows members to connect with members who come for the religious service. By offeringboth types of service, FBPs benefit from the spill-over effect of the religious service, whichhelps to screen for trustworthy network members. FBPs are more profitable than organizations that only offer areligious service, often even per capita, and are generally larger in size. The optimal community size depends on the type of interactions the FBP fosters and how much it invests in the quality of the religious service. This can explain the diversity of FBOs that continue to thrive despite secular competition and some recent phenomena that cannot be fully explained by existing models of FBOs, such as the growth of religion in some urban settings and the emergence of religious communities that have grown very large without sacrificing high profits per member
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No full textInternational audience(Loi no 2025-622 du 9 juillet 2025 créant l'homicide routier et visant à lutter contre la violence routière