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A comprehensive analysis of the decay
No full textInternational audienceAn analysis of the decay is presented using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 8.4 fb. The full set of -averaged and -asymmetric angular observables is determined in bins of the invariant mass squared of the dimuon system, as well as the branching fraction relative to the decay. For the first time, the full set of observables pertaining to the S-wave contribution to the final state are presented and consideration is given to effects arising from the mass of the muons. The measurements of the -averaged observables and the branching fractions continue to exhibit the pattern of tensions with the Standard Model predictions that have been seen in previous analyses that use part of the dataset considered in this study. The extracted -asymmetry observables show no significant deviations from zero
Optical Follow-Up Strategies for the Next Neutrino-Detected Galactic Core-Collapse Supernova
No full textInternational audienceCore-collapse supernovae (CCSNe) are expected to produce intense bursts of neutrinos preceding the emergence of their electromagnetic (EM) counterparts. The prompt detection of such neutrino signals offers a unique opportunity to trigger early follow-up observations in the EM domain. We aim to assess the feasibility and efficiency of an optical-NIR follow-up strategy for CCSNe discovered via neutrino bursts, by modelling the spatial distribution of events and simulating realistic observational campaigns taking into account the size of the localization error box generated by triangulating the neutrino burst. We modelled the Galactic distribution of CCSNe, including the effects of interstellar extinction, and considered three main progenitor types: Wolf-Rayet stars, red and blue supergiants. We included the shock breakout in the EM signatures that could be detected following the neutrino burst. A population of CCSNe was generated and detected by different networks of neutrino observatories, including IceCube, KM3NeT, Super-Kamiokande, Hyper-Kamiokande, and JUNO. The resulting skymaps were used as input for GWEMOPT to produce optimized follow-up plans with two optical facilities: LSST and the TAROT robotic telescopes. Both LSST and TAROT exhibit comparable detection efficiencies for the simulated CCSN population. However, the TAROT network achieves similar success rates while requiring fewer pointings to cover the CCSN skymap. Our simulations demonstrate that neutrino follow-up campaigns can effectively CCSN optical counterparts using both large and small facilities. Depending on the neutrino network, the median number of pointings for the two tested optical facilities is of the order of 20 to 100 to find the EM emission. The number of images is larger for LSST than for TAROT by a factor of 2 to 4
Breaking Anonymity in Attribute-Based Access Control Encryption *
No full textInternational audienceAccess Control Encryption (ACE) enforces sender and receiver access control while preserving traffic anonymity. Attribute-Based ACE (AB-ACE) extends this to attribute-based policies, claiming to achieve the same security guarantees under the No-Read and No-Write rules. In this paper, we show that existing AB-ACE schemes fail to ensure anonymity: most reveal the access structure in the ciphertext, and even schemes designed to hide it leak information through NIZK-related elements, violating the No-Read Rule. These results call for a reconsideration of both the construction techniques and the formal models of AB-ACE, if robust sender and receiver privacy is to be achieved
L’intégration du droit international dans l’ordre juridique interne, vecteur de reconfiguration du droit constitutionnel français
No full textInternational audienceينظم المادة 55 من الدستور سيادة المعاهدات على القانون، شريطة أن تكون قد تمت المصادقة عليها أو الموافقة عليها بشكل قانوني، ونشرها وتطبيقها بشكل متبادل. وكان الهدف الأصلي من هذه القاعدة، المستوحاة من كيلسن، هو ضمان حل بسيط للنزاعات بين القواعد الدستورية الفرعية، مع بقاء الدستور المصدر السيادي الذي يحدد مكانة المعاهدات في النظام الداخلي. وبعد أن أعلن المجلس الدستوري عدم اختصاصه بممارسة الرقابة على المعاهدات، أصبح القضاة العاديون، منذ قضية جاك فابر ونيكولو، هم الذين يرفضون القوانين غير المتوافقة مع المعاهدات. وقد أدى هذا الصعود في قوة مراقبة المطابقة للمعاهدات إلى إعادة تشكيل عميقة للصلة بين القانون الداخلي والقانون الدولي. ويستورد القضاة، لا سيما تحت تأثير الاتفاقية الأوروبية لحقوق الإنسان وقانون الاتحاد الأوروبي، معايير وأساليب تفسير - التناسبية، وفعالية سبل الانتصاف، والضمانات الإجرائية - التي تغذي الآن التفكير الدستوري. دون قلب التسلسل الهرمي للمعايير بشكل رسمي، تساهم هذه الديناميكية في تدويل القانون الدستوري الفرنسي وفي تحقيق التعددية حيث تظل الدستور في القمة، مع خضوعها لمتطلبات فوق وطنية.Artikel 55 der Verfassung legt die bedingte Vorrangstellung von Verträgen gegenüber innerstaatlichem Recht fest, sofern diese ordnungsgemäß ratifiziert oder genehmigt, veröffentlicht und gegenseitig angewendet werden. Diese von Kelsen inspirierte Regel sollte ursprünglich die einfache Lösung von Konflikten zwischen infrakonstitutionellen Normen gewährleisten, wobei die Verfassung die souveräne Quelle bleibt, die den Stellenwert von Verträgen in der innerstaatlichen Rechtsordnung bestimmt. Da sich der Verfassungsrat für unzuständig erklärt hat, die Übereinstimmung mit Verträgen zu kontrollieren, sind es seit Jacques Vabre und Nicolo die ordentlichen Richter, die unkonventionelle Gesetze außer Kraft setzen. Diese Zunahme der Macht der Konventionalitätskontrolle hat das Verhältnis zwischen innerstaatlichem Recht und Völkerrecht tiefgreifend verändert. Die Richter, insbesondere unter dem Einfluss der Europäischen Menschenrechtskonvention und des EU-Rechts, übernehmen Standards und Auslegungsmethoden – Verhältnismäßigkeit, Wirksamkeit von Rechtsbehelfen, Verfahrensgarantien –, die nun in die verfassungsrechtliche Argumentation einfließen. Ohne die Normenhierarchie formell umzustürzen, trägt diese Dynamik zur Internationalisierung des französischen Verfassungsrechts und zu einem Pluralismus bei, in dem die Verfassung an der Spitze bleibt, aber von supranationalen Anforderungen durchdrungen ist.Article 55 of the Constitution establishes the conditional supremacy of treaties over domestic law, provided that they are duly ratified or approved, published and applied reciprocally. This rule, inspired by Kelsen, was initially intended to ensure the simple resolution of conflicts between infra-constitutional norms, with the Constitution remaining the sovereign source determining the place of treaties in the domestic legal order. Since the Constitutional Council has declared itself incompetent to exercise control over conformity with treaties, it is the ordinary judges who, since Jacques Vabre and Nicolo, have been setting aside unconventional laws. This rise in the power of conventionality control has profoundly reconfigured the relationship between domestic law and international law. Judges, particularly under the influence of the European Convention on Human Rights and EU law, are importing standards and methods of interpretation — proportionality, effectiveness of remedies, procedural guarantees — which now inform constitutional reasoning. Without formally overturning the hierarchy of norms, this dynamic contributes to the internationalisation of French constitutional law and to a pluralism in which the Constitution remains at the top, while being permeated by supranational requirements.El artículo 55 de la Constitución establece la supremacía condicional de los tratados sobre la ley, siempre que sean debidamente ratificados o aprobados, publicados y aplicados de manera recíproca. Esta norma, de inspiración kelseniana, tenía inicialmente por objeto garantizar una simple resolución de los conflictos entre normas infraconstitucionales, ya que la Constitución seguía siendo la fuente soberana que determinaba el lugar de los tratados en el ordenamiento interno. Dado que el Consejo Constitucional se declaró incompetente para ejercer un control de convencionalidad, son los jueces ordinarios quienes, a partir de los casos Jacques Vabre y Nicolo, rechazan las leyes no convencionales. Este refuerzo del control de convencionalidad ha reconfigurado profundamente la articulación entre el derecho interno y el derecho internacional. Los jueces, en particular bajo la influencia del Convenio Europeo de Derechos Humanos y del Derecho de la Unión, importan normas y métodos de interpretación —proporcionalidad, eficacia de los recursos, garantías procesales— que ahora alimentan el razonamiento constitucional. Sin alterar formalmente la jerarquía de las normas, esta dinámica contribuye a una internacionalización del derecho constitucional francés y a un pluralismo en el que la Constitución sigue estando en la cima, a pesar de estar atravesada por exigencias supranacionales.L’article 55 de la Constitution organise la supériorité conditionnée des traités sur la loi, dès lors qu’ils sont régulièrement ratifiés ou approuvés, publiés et appliqués de manière réciproque. Cette règle, d’inspiration kelsénienne, visait initialement à assurer une simple résolution des conflits entre normes infra-constitutionnelles, la Constitution demeurant la source souveraine déterminant la place des traités dans l’ordre interne. Le Conseil constitutionnel s’étant déclaré incompétent pour exercer un contrôle de conventionalité, ce sont les juges ordinaires qui, depuis Jacques Vabre et Nicolo, écartent les lois inconventionnelles. Cette montée en puissance du contrôle de conventionalité a profondément reconfiguré l’articulation entre droit interne et droit international. Les juges, notamment sous l’influence de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme et du droit de l’Union, importent des standards et méthodes d’interprétation — proportionnalité, effectivité des recours, garanties procédurales — qui irriguent désormais le raisonnement constitutionnel. Sans renverser formellement la hiérarchie des normes, cette dynamique contribue à une internationalisation du droit constitutionnel français et à un pluralisme où la Constitution reste au sommet, tout en étant traversée par des exigences supranationales.L'articolo 55 della Costituzione sancisce la supremazia condizionata dei trattati sulla legge, purché siano regolarmente ratificati o approvati, pubblicati e applicati in modo reciproco. Questa norma, di ispirazione kelseniana, mirava inizialmente a garantire una semplice risoluzione dei conflitti tra norme infra-costituzionali, poiché la Costituzione rimaneva la fonte sovrana che determinava il posto dei trattati nell'ordinamento interno. Poiché il Consiglio costituzionale si è dichiarato incompetente ad esercitare un controllo di convenzionalità, sono i giudici ordinari che, a partire da Jacques Vabre e Nicolo, respingono le leggi non convenzionali. Questo rafforzamento del controllo di convenzionalità ha profondamente riconfigurato l'articolazione tra diritto interno e diritto internazionale. I giudici, in particolare sotto l'influenza della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell'uomo e del diritto dell'Unione, importano standard e metodi di interpretazione – proporzionalità, efficacia dei ricorsi, garanzie procedurali – che ora alimentano il ragionamento costituzionale. Senza ribaltare formalmente la gerarchia delle norme, questa dinamica contribuisce a un'internazionalizzazione del diritto costituzionale francese e a un pluralismo in cui la Costituzione rimane al vertice, pur essendo attraversata da esigenze sovranazionali.O artigo 55.º da Constituição estabelece a superioridade condicional dos tratados sobre a lei, desde que sejam devidamente ratificados ou aprovados, publicados e aplicados de forma recíproca. Esta regra, de inspiração kelseniana, visava inicialmente assegurar uma simples resolução de conflitos entre normas infraconstitucionais, permanecendo a Constituição a fonte soberana que determina o lugar dos tratados na ordem interna. Tendo o Conselho Constitucional se declarado incompetente para exercer um controlo de convencionalidade, são os juízes ordinários que, desde Jacques Vabre e Nicolo, rejeitam as leis não convencionais. Este aumento do controlo da convencionalidade reconfigurou profundamente a articulação entre o direito interno e o direito internacional. Os juízes, nomeadamente sob a influência da Convenção Europeia dos Direitos Humanos e do direito da União, importam normas e métodos de interpretação — proporcionalidade, eficácia dos recursos, garantias processuais — que agora alimentam o raciocínio constitucional. Sem inverter formalmente a hierarquia das normas, esta dinâmica contribui para uma internacionalização do direito constitucional francês e para um pluralismo em que a Constituição permanece no topo, embora seja atravessada por exigências supranacionais.Статья 55 Конституции устанавливает условное превосходство международных договоров над законом, если они были должным образом ратифицированы или одобрены, опубликованы и применяются на взаимной основе. Эта норма, вдохновленная идеями Келсена, изначально была направлена на простое урегулирование конфликтов между инфраконституционными нормами, при этом Конституция оставалась высшим источником, определяющим место международных договоров во внутреннем правопорядке. Поскольку Конституционный совет заявил о своей некомпетентности в вопросах контроля за соответствием международным договорам, с момента вынесения дел Jacques Vabre и Nicolo отклонение несоответствующих международным договорам законов осуществляется обычными судьями. Это усиление контроля за соответствием конвенциям глубоко изменило взаимосвязь между внутренним правом и международным правом. Судьи, в частности под влиянием Европейской конвенции о правах человека и права Европейского союза, импортируют стандарты и методы толкования — пропорциональность, эффективность средств правовой защиты, процессуальные гарантии — которые теперь лежат в основе конституционного мышления. Не нарушая формально иерархию норм, эта динамика способствует интернационализации французского конституционного права и плюрализму, при котором Конституция остается на вершине, но при этом подвергается влиянию наднациональных требований.宪法第55条规定，条约经正式批准或核准、公布并相互适用后，即具有高于法律的效力。这条源于凯尔森思想的规则，最初旨在确保宪法以下规范之间的冲突得到简单解决，因为宪法仍是决定条约在国内秩序中地位的最高权威。宪法委员会宣布无权行使条约合规性审查权，因此自雅克·瓦布尔和尼科洛案以来，由普通法官负责废除不符合条约的法律。条约合规性审查权力的增强，深刻重塑了国内法与国际法的衔接关系。法官们，特别是受《欧洲人权公约》和欧盟法的影响，引入了比例原则、救济有效性、程序保障等解释标准和方法，这些标准和方法如今已渗透到宪法推理中。这种动态在不正式颠覆规范等级制度的前提下，推动了法国宪法的国际化进程，形成了宪法居于顶点但同时受到超国家要求影响的多元主义格局
Short-term immobilization impairs pointing direction programming and early motor control processes
No full textInternational audienceShort-term limb immobilization is a valuable method for studying the contribution of proprioception since it temporarily reduces sensory and motor inputs. While several studies have shown that immobilization impairs cognitive and sensorimotor processes, none have yet demonstrated how it could specifically impact the programming of movement direction. Here, participants (N = 32) made uncorrected pointing movements toward five visual targets located in different directions − but requiring constant amplitude − without benefiting from any visual feedback on the hand. Pointing was performed on two consecutive days by Control and Immobilized participants, the latter of whom had worn a splint on the right arm during this 24 h period. Results showed that immobilization increased the duration of movement planning (i.e., longer reaction time) necessary to specify hand-path direction. A greater counterclockwise directional bias was observed at peak acceleration in the Immobilized group and persisted until the uncorrected movement offset. These results suggest that immobilization impacts direction programming as well as early motor control processes. We argue that proprioception deprivation impairs the perception of limb position, leading to both slower and less accurate motor command selection. Overall, we interpret that the lack of proprioceptive feedback and efference copies may influence the accuracy of movement planning after 24 h of immobilization, possibly reflecting changes in processes related to internal model mechanisms
Crucial Role of Oxidation for the Prebiotic Peptide Elongation Promoted by Carbonyl Sulfide
No full textInternational audienceBoth the emergence and sustainability of dissipative chemical systems, such as protometabolisms, require a constant flow of free energy, which can, among other possibilities, be provided by chemical activating agents. Several prebiotically plausible candidates have been identified, but none are flawless or even sufficiently efficient to consider this question resolved. This study revisits and extends previous work on amino acid activation and peptide elongation promoted by carbonyl sulfide in aqueous medium which proceeds via the formation of N ‐carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Through an approach aimed at providing new mechanistic insights, it demonstrates that oxidation of the thiocarbamate adduct is mandatory for subsequent NCA and peptide bond formation and that ferricyanide, as an oxidizing agent example, efficiently promotes the reaction even at mild pH. However, side reactions, such as urea/hydantoin formation, were confirmed to strongly limit the prebiotic scope of this N‐terminal peptide elongation route
Evidence for the absence of a relationship between inflammation and cognition in a cohort of 1565 individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders: a Bayesian analysis of network
No full textInternational audiencePrevious studies have reported variable associations between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive functioning in individuals with bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD), with some identifying significant links and others finding no relationship. Such inconsistencies raise important questions about the role of inflammation in cognitive impairment among individuals with BSD. This study aims to investigate the relationship between peripheral inflammatory markers and cognitive function in a clinical sample of individuals with BSD using a Bayesian network analysis framework. We analyzed data from a large cohort (n = 1565) focusing on hsCRP and a subsample (n = 249) that included concurrent assessments of additional cytokines including Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha. A Bayesian approach was utilized to quantify uncertainty regarding the presence or absence of associations between inflammation and cognitive function. Our findings revealed no significant associations between inflammatory markers and cognitive performance in both samples. Strong evidence was found supporting the absence of association, with network analysis indicating distinct clusters for cognitive and inflammatory variables, suggesting they function as independent constructs with limited interactions. In our clinical sample of individuals with BSD, our findings do not support a direct association between some inflammatory markers and cognition, aligning with studies that found minimal or no associations. Our study emphasizes the importance of utilizing Bayesian methods to assess these relationships rigorously and suggests further exploration of individual differences and subgroup effects in future research
The SChISM study: Circulating cell-free DNA size profiles as predictors of progression in advanced carcinoma treated with immune-checkpoint inhibitors
No full textBackgroundCirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) offers a promising noninvasive way to predict resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), for which robust biomarkers are still lacking.MethodsThe SChISM (Size CfDNA Immunotherapy Signature Monitoring) proof-of-concept study (NCT05083494) collected baseline plasmatic cfDNA size profiles from 126 ICI-treated advanced carcinomas, quantified using the innovative, patented and standardized BIABooster device (Adelis). Fragmentome-derived variables and standard clinical variables (including neutrophils-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR) were analyzed for univariable associations with early progression (EP, progression at first imaging) and progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariable analysis was carried through both unsupervised and supervised learning. Twenty-six variable selection methods combined with 11 models were benchmarked to derive a multivariable predictive model relying on a minimal subset of variables.ResultsHigher cfDNA concentration and high quantities of short fragments (111-240 base pairs (bp)) were associated with poor response and reduced PFS, unlike long fragments (> 300 bp). The proportion of fragments longer than 1650 bp exhibited the strongest association, with non-EP odds ratio = 0.39 [95% CI: 0.25-0.62] and PFS hazard ratio = 0.54 [95% CI: 0.42-0.68]. Unsupervised learning identified four patient clusters significantly associated with EP (p=0.004, Pearson’s Chi-squared test) and PFS (p=0.001, log-rank test). The multivariable machine learning analysis identified a subset of nine variables that shown greater performances in a logistic regression model: EP positive predictive value compared to single marker AUC_{R_{[>1650]}}=73.6±3.70\% PPV_{R_{[>1650]}}=55.8±7.46\% .ConclusioncfDNA size profiles significantly associated with progression and PFS during ICI, outperforming the routinely used markers.</p
Tara Polaris expeditions: seasonal and long-term contaminant monitoring in the changing central Arctic
No full textInternational audienceThe central Arctic atmosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere, is heavily impacted by anthropogenic activities. While some contaminants originate from local activities, the majority are transported over long distances via rivers, ocean currents, and atmospheric pathways. Contaminants can have adverse effects on the environment, ecosystems, and human health, which are expected to intensify with continued emissions and warming climate. This article outlines the objectives for new studies on contaminants in the Arctic Ocean, in particular during the Tara Polaris expedition, with an emphasis on year-round long-term contaminant dynamics and associated ecotoxicological risks. Mercury contamination remains a major concern in the Arctic, especially in the form of methylmercury, which is primarily produced by marine microbes. Methylmercury bioconcentrates, bioaccumulates and biomagnifies to harmful levels in Arctic wildlife and threatens indigenous communities. Anthropogenic lead (Pb), though low in Arctic waters, remains toxic and may be remobilized by climate change. Plastic pollution, from nano-to macro-scales, is widespread across all Arctic compartments, closely interacting with planktonic communities and posing ingestion risks to invertebrates, fish, seabirds and mammals (including humans). Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEAC), including newly recognized persistent organic pollutants inherited from past industrial activities (e.g., per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)), are more recalcitrant in the environment than many other synthetic compounds, raising serious questions about their long-term ecological and health effects. In this context, the Tara Polaris expeditions aim to produce high-resolution, year-round observational data in the central Arctic to deepen our understanding of contaminant sources, transport, internal cycling and environmental fate. These data will also support the development and refinement of numerical models for contaminant dynamics in the context of both Arctic and global environmental change
Les dispositifs immersifs pour le jeune public : entre médiation sensorielle et professionnalisation émergente
No full textInternational audienceThis communication is part of a doctoral research conducted at IMSIC (University of Toulon) focusing on the mediation of immersive devices designed for children aged 3 to 6. It examines how experiences based on emotional and sensory approaches transform both the relationship to audiences and the professional practices of cultural mediators. Based on field observations in cultural and artistic contexts, the presentation analyzes the relational, bodily, and attentional adjustments implemented when addressing early childhood. It also draws on the presentation of immersive devices for young audiences designed and mediated within the Mixage Fou collective, through video excerpts and an in situ demonstration, in order to show how lived experience, emotion, and interaction redefine contemporary forms of mediation.Cette communication s'inscrit dans une recherche doctorale menée à l'IMSIC (Université de Toulon) portant sur les médiations des dispositifs immersifs destinés aux enfants de 3 à 6 ans.Elle interroge la manière dont des expériences fondées sur des approches émotionnelles et sensorielles transforment la relation au public et les pratiques professionnelles des médiateurs culturels.À partir de terrains d'observation en contexte culturel et artistique, l'intervention analyse les ajustements relationnels, corporels et attentionnels mis en oeuvre face à la petite enfance.Elle s'appuie également sur la présentation de dispositifs immersifs pour le jeune public conçus et médiés au sein du collectif Mixage Fou, afin de montrer comment l'expérience vécue, l'émotion et l'interaction redéfinissent les formes contemporaines de médiation.</div