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Peristiwa Tahkim (Polemik Perselisihan Politik dan Implikasinya)
Get PDFPolitics is the biggest source of Muslim division. Starting from a dispute that occurred between Ali bin Abi Talib and Muawiyah who wanted revenge for Uthman’s death, a Siffin war broke out which was a new chapter in the history of the birth of sects which had their own political vision. There are two schools - even two tendencies which gave birth to many schools - which were born as an implication of the war, namely Shi’ah and Khawarij. Both of these streams emerge because of the same factor, namely extremity and contradiction. The appearance of the Khawarij gave a large share of the emergence and spread of Shi’ah. Extremity claims propagated by one of the streams above encourage the emergence of rival extremities from other schools. The struggle between the two schools gave rise to another stream which aimed to mediate between the two contradictory sides, namely Murji’ah, a school that dared to bring up its own vision, even though in the end one of the two firqahs was followed. In subsequent developments emerged the flow ofMu’tazilah, Qadariyyah and Jabbariyyah
Desain Pendidikan Akhlak di Sekolah Menengah Pertama 2 Jember
Get PDFMunculnya counter productive dalam dunia pendidikan telah menyebabkan munculnya gejala-gejala di kalangan anak muda, bahkan orang tua, yang menunjukkan bahwa mereka mengabaikan nilai dan moral dalam tata krama pergaulan yang sangat diperlukan dalam suatu masyarakat yang beradab. Keprihatinan terhadap dekadensi moral ibarat sebilah pisau bermata dua. Jika mencari akar masalah pada orang lain pada hakikatnya akar masalah itu juga bermula dari diri sendiri sehingga menyalahkan orang lain berarti pula menyalahkan diri sendiri. Untuk itu perlu dicarikan solusi dan aksi pendidikan akhlak yang tepat. Penelitian mengenai “Model Pendidikan Akhlak Aplikatif-Integratif di SMPN 2 Jember” dilakukan berpijak dari keprihatinan tersebut. Hasil penelitian ini menujukan bahwa desain pendidikan akhlak aplikatif integratif di SMP Negeri 2 Jember dengan menerapkan empat model, pertama terintegrasi dengan kegiatan belajar mengajar (KBM). Kedua buadaya sekolah yang meliputi kegiatan rutin yang merupakan kegiatan sudah terprogam, kegiatan spontan, keteladanan dari tenaga pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan, pengkondisian fisik maupun non-fisik. Ketiga kegiatan ekstra kurikuler yang merupakan kegiatan tambahan di SMPN 2 Jember. Keempat Kegiatan berbasis komonitas yang melibatkan orang tua dan masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan pendidikan akhlak aplikatif integratif.
Kata Kuci; Pendidikan, Akhlak, Sekola
Imamah dalam Pemikiran Politik Syi’ah
Get PDFDalam pandangan politik Syi’ah Imamah bukanlah masalah kepentingan pribadi yang diberikan kepada pilihan publik, akan tetapi adalah salah satu pilar agama atau asal-usul dan dasar perinsip agama. Syi’ah memiliki sejumlah doktrin penting, doktrin Imamah menempati kedudukan sentral dalam aspirasi politik Syi’ah. Hak politik adalah mutlak dimiliki oleh kalangan Ahlul Bait. Bagi kaum Syi’ah, konsep Imâmah adalah kelanjutan dari konsep nubuwwah. Kriteria Imamah: Ishmah dan Ilmu. Dalam perkembangan pemikiran tentang Imâmah ini, bisa disebut tiga kelompok besar Syi’ah Imamiyah, yaitu: Isna ‘Asyariyah, Zaidiyah dan Isma’iliyah.
Keywords: Imamah, Syi’ah, Pemikiran Politik
Sejarah Perkembangan Tasawuf ‘Amali
Get PDFTasawuf merupakan salah satu aspek esoteris Islam, sebagai perwujudan dari ihksan yang berarti kesadaran adanya komunikasi dan dialog langsung seorang hamba dengan Tuhannya. Esensi tasawuf sebenarnya telah ada sejak masa kehidupan Rasulullah Saw, namun tasawuf sebagai ilmu keislaman adalah hasil kebudayaan Islam yang lahir belakangan, sebagaimana ilmu-ilmu keislaman lainnya seperti fiqih dan ilmu tauhid. Adapun tasawuf ‘amali sendiri, dipahami sebagai ajaran tasawuf yang lebih menekankan kepada perilaku yang baik, dalam kaitannya dengan amalan ibadah kepada Allah. Di dalamnya ditekankan tentang bagaimana melakukan hubungan dengan Allah melalui dhikir atau wirid yang terstruktur dengan harapan memperoleh ridla Allah Swt. Tasawuf ‘amali merupakan tasawuf yang mengedepankan mujahadah, dengan menghapus sifatsifat yang tercela, melintasi semua hambatan itu, dan menghadap total dengan segenap esensi diri hanya kepada Allah Swt. Sejarah dan perkembangan tasawuf ‘amali> mengalami beberapa fase, yaitu yang dimulai sejak abad kesatu dan kedua Hijriyah, di mana tasawuf masih bersifat praktis (belum ada konsep-konsep tasawuf secara terpadu); abad ketiga Hijriyah; abad keempat Hijriyah; abad kelima Hijriyah; abad keenam Hijriyah, di mana para sufi mengembangkan tasawuf dalam bentuk institusi tarekat, yang kemudian berkembang pesat sampai sekarang.
Kata Kunci: Tasawuf, akhlak, amal
Kafir dan Mukmin dalam Perspektif Tasawuf Akhlâqî Al-Ghazali
Get PDFAccusing someone who has a different understanding as a kâfir happens frequently these last several days. The people use to accuse mu’min as a kâfir event he still do praying, fasting, and tithing. Stereotyping people as a kâfir should be in line with the syarî’ah. Syarî’ah merely allows stereotyping people as a kâfir who really out of Islam, rejects Allah as his God, refuses Muhammad as His prophet, and of course, ignores his (Muhammad) taught. Accusing someone as a kâfir which merely based on contradictory view is not permitted by the syarî’ah. So, people who accuses someone infidel without prove of his ignoring to Muhammad’s taught, in fact, is a kâfir, according to al-Ghazali’s view. This kind of accusing people as a kâfir,also happened in the al-Ghazali’s era, whereso many Ulema accuse their ideological opponents as a kâfir just because of their difference in a certain understanding. Imam Hanbali ever accused Imam Asy’ari as a kâfir because Imam Asy’ari ignored Muhammad’s taught in term of Allah’s residence in arsy. Also, Imam Asy’ari ever accused Imam Hanbali as a kâfir because of his ignoring Muhammad’s taught in term of no Allah’s allies. In the plural community, al-Ghazali trough his tashawwuf akhlâkî concept, suggested mu’min to honor all kâfir, even al-Ghzali also prohibited mu’min to be kâfir, because in his opinion, kufr has blocked tazkiyah al-nafs process. Based on those discourses, al-Ghazali has formulated five criteria of people quality, whether mu’min or kâfir. Those five criteria areal-wujûd al-dzâtî, al-wujûd al-hissî, al-wujûd al-khayâlî, al-wujûd al-’aqlî, dan alwujûd al-syibhî. So, people (mu’min) should not accuse people as a kâfir easily. People should respect another people who have different understanding and faith, over tolerance. Accusing people as a kâfir is permitted merely for real kâfir who really ignores Muhammad’s taught.
Keyword: al-Ghazali, Kafir, Mukmin, Akhlâ
Baitul Mal pada Masa Rasulullah Saw dan Khulafaur Al-Rashidin
Get PDFPembahasan utama pada makalah ini adalah keberadaan Baitul Mal sebagai pelopor utama dalam bidang keuangan yang sesuai dengan shariat Islam. Baitul Mal tidak hanya sebagai lembaga yang mengatur pemasukan uang negara, namun juga memiliki tugas yang begitu penting dalam pendistribusian uang hasil negara yang tersimpan di Baitul Mal, agar harta-harta tersebut dapat diterima oleh orang-orang yang berhak menerimanya. Dengan makalah ini, penulis menjelaskan secara singkat mengenai sumber pendapatan dan manajemen Baitul Mal yang dimulai sejak zaman Rasulullah SAW hingga pada masa pemerintahan Khulafau al-Rashidin. Keberadaan Baitul Mal ini bertujuan untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan dari negara, untuk menegakkan sistem kenegaraan yang berkenaan dengan pelaksanaan kewajiban muslim, seperti salat, zakat dan sebagainya.
Kata Kunci: Baitul Mal, Khulafau al-Rashidin, tujuan pendiria
Sukuk (Obligasi Syariah) dalam Perspektif Keuangan Islam
Get PDFIslam strongly encourages investment so that possessions can be productive and bring benefits in the future, of course, using a good and right way, which is in accordance with Islamic sharia, like mutual respect and does not harm others. The type of investment can be varied, we can invest through the capital market, one of which is sukuk. Sukuk are securities that are proof of ownership (claim) on assets, whether in the form of tangible, intangible or project contracts from certain activities that require the issuer to pay revenue-sharing to the Sukuk holders and pay back the Sukuk in maturity date. The principle in Sukuk transactions is in the form of emphasis on fair agreements, recommendations for profit sharing systems. In Sukuk transaction, a number of certain assets are needed which to used as the basis for conducting transactions using a contract based on sharia principles. The types of Sukuk in terms of Sukuk Ijarah, Sukuk Mudharabah, Sukuk Musyarakah, Sukuk Istishna’ with the method of issuing in bookbuilding, auction methods and private placement. In sukuk transactions there is a requirement for Underlying Assets as well as activities or processes which have been based in accordance with sharia. This shows that investing with sukuk is not worrying for investors who want to transact with sharia financial institutions.
Keywords: Investing, Transaction, Suku
Pembaharuan Hukum Waris Islam di Turki
Get PDFIt is inevitable that a legal enactment, or reform of Islamic family law in various Muslim countries or countries with a majority Muslim population in the world. This is because the existing law (valid) is still not revealed or has been revealed but is considered not in accordance with the era anymore, due to the different “context” between the past and the present. As Anderson said, Islamic law in Islamic countries was not static at all. The form of renewal that is carried out differs from country to country. First, there are some countries that carry out reforms in the form of laws. Second, there are some countries that carry out reforms based on the decree of the president or king. Third, there are some countries that carry out reforms in the form of judicial provisions. The country of Turkey is the first country to carry out renewal in family law. Updates are carried out in the form of laws. For Turkish Muslims, Hanafi is a school that underlies the religious life formally until 1926, before the existence of legislation legislation that was eclectically codified. The Islamic Civil Law or what is called ¬Majallat al-Ahkâm al-liAdliyah, which most of the material is based on Hanaf madîî actually has been prepared in Turkey since 1876, although it is not comprehensive, because it does not include family law and inheritance law.
Keywords: reform of Islamic, Waris, and Turkish Muslim
Peran Kepuasan Kerja sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi terhadap Kinerja Karyawan
Get PDFThe purpose of this research is to explain the influence of organizational culture on job satisfaction, the influence of organizational culture on employee performance, the effect of job satisfaction on employee performance and the role of job satisfaction as a mediating variable influence organizational culture on employee performance. This type of research is qualitative research that uses literature studies, in which it examines the influence between variables based on existing theoretical theories and is reinforced by empirical studies of relevant journal journals. The results of this study indicate that organizational culture has a positive effect on job satisfaction, organizational culture has a positive effect on employee performance, job satisfaction has a positive effect on employee performance and organizational culture has a positive effect on employee performance through job satisfaction
Jual Beli dengan Sistem Hutang di Pasar Tradisional dalam Perspektif Hukum Perdata
Get PDFDebt trading in traditional markets with a nominal value of Rp. 1,000,000 (one million rupiah) down is usually done by recording under the hand. The seller emphasizes the element of trust rather than the element of legal proof. The process of buying and selling is fast, simple and if it is implemented with accounts receivable debt that is done simply, if the debt is stalled, intensive collection is carried out and the seller will receive it if paid in installments or in installments. In the process of payment the merchant does not provide interest expense or operating expenses due to the collection. If there is a debt dispute, the settlement is carried out in a family manner without involving law enforcement. Bad debt is certainly a calculation for traders who dare to pay off their merchandise. The factor of bad debt is usually not more than 20% of the total debt - the debt that must be paid by buyers with the debt system. Therefore the process runs in such a way and is considered natural. So the customary law factor that debt must be paid and the legal factor of trade that if you don’t pay the debt will sin more debt for the parties than the legal proof factor