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Generation of state-independent contextuality proofs from hypergraphs
No full textInternational audienceWe present a new structure, named hypergram, composed of a hypergraph and a graph of anticommutations, and a necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of a labeling of its vertices by Pauli observables which may produce a state-independent Kochen-Specker contextuality proof. Then we present a polynomial algorithm to find such a labeling with the minimal number of qubits. Applying this algorithm to medium-sized hypergraphs produces new contextuality proofs that were beyond the reach of the previous known methods. We also present the Qontextium tool in which this algorithm is implemented
Reversible Kalman Filter for state estimation with Manifold
No full textThis work introduces an algorithm for state estimation on manifolds within the framework of the Kalman filter. Its primary objective is to provide a methodology enabling the evaluation of the precision of existing Kalman filter variants with arbitrary accuracy on synthetic data, something that, to the best of our knowledge, has not been addressed in prior work.To this end, we develop a new filter that exhibits favorable numerical properties, thereby correcting the divergences observed in previous Kalman filter variants. In this formulation, the achievable precision is no longer constrained by the small-velocity assumption and is determined solely by sensor noise.In addition, this new filter assumes high precision on the sensors, which, in real scenarios require a detection step that we define heuristically, allowing one to extend this approach to scenarios, using either a 9-axis IMU or a combination of odometry, accelerometer, and pressure sensors. The latter configuration is designed for the reconstruction of trajectories in underwater environments
HUMANIN produced by human efferocytic macrophages promotes the resolution of inflammation
No full textInternational audienceAbstract Elimination of apoptotic neutrophils by macrophages, a process called efferocytosis, is a critical step in the resolution of inflammation. Efferocytosis induces the reprogramming of macrophages towards a pro-resolving phenotype and triggers the secretion of pro-resolving factors. While mouse efferocytic macrophages are well-described, less is known about human efferocytic macrophages. Here, using RNA sequencing analysis of three different types of in vitro-derived human efferocytic macrophages, we observed a common modulation of mitochondrial metabolism-related genes in human M0, M1, and M2a-like macrophages, thus correlating with some previous results obtained in other non-human models. These results led us to identify for the first time some particular genes regulated in humans like PLIN5 and MTLN . We also shed light on a mitochondrial gene ( MT-RNR2) coding a secreted factor called HUMANIN. Mainly known for its antioxidant and neuroprotective effects, we found that HUMANIN was also associated with pro-resolving properties in human and mouse models. Indeed, HUMANIN was produced early during the resolution of inflammation in an acute peritonitis mouse model. Preventive HUMANIN administration in this model reduced leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. These anti-inflammatory properties were accompanied by the early acquisition of a CD11b low non-efferocytic phenotype by mouse macrophages and by an enhanced expression of pro-resolving genes including Alox15 and Retnla . The ability of HUMANIN to dampen pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion was also confirmed in primary human neutrophils. Finally, HUMANIN was also detected in gingival crevicular fluids of patients suffering from periodontitis after the onset of inflammation, suggesting a role of HUMANIN in the control of inflammation. Overall, our data shed light on new aspects of efferocytosis in humans and identify the pro-resolving potential of HUMANIN. This illustrates its prospective therapeutic interest in inflammatory disorders
Nonlocal degenerate parabolic hyperbolic equations on bounded domains
No full textWe study well-posedness of degenerate mixed-type parabolic-hyperbolic equationson bounded domains with general Dirichlet boundary/exterior conditions. The nonlocal diffusion operator can be any symmetric Lévy operator (e.g. fractional Laplacians) and is nondecreasing and allowed to have degenerate regions (). We propose an entropy solution formulation for the problem and show uniqueness of bounded entropy solutions under general assumptions. Existence of solutions is shown in a separate paper. The uniqueness proof is based on the Kru\v{z}kov doubling of variables technique and incorporates several a priori results derived from our entropy formulation: an -bound, an energy estimate, strong initial trace, weak boundary traces, and a \textit{nonlocal} boundary condition. Our work can be seen as both extending nonlocal theories from the whole space to domains and local theories on domains to the nonlocal case. Unlike local theories our formulation does not assume energy estimates. They are now a consequence of the formulation, but as opposed to previous nonlocal theories, they play an essential role in our arguments
Radiothérapie des cancers du larynx : mise à jour 2025
No full textInternational audienceWe present the updated recommendations of the Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO; the French society of radiation oncology) regarding the radiotherapy management of laryngeal cancers. Clinical examination in a seated position and nasofibroscopy are essential for accurately assessing laryngeal mobility, a crucial parameter in the therapeutic decision-making process for glottic cancer. In early-stage cancers, treatment selection depends on multiple factors and requires thorough consideration and multidisciplinary discussion. Between surgery and radiotherapy, the decision can be personalized to achieve an optimal balance between tumour control and the preservation of laryngeal function. In advanced-stage laryngeal tumours, the therapeutic approach is mainly based on two strategies: concomitant chemoradiotherapy or induction chemotherapy followed by chemoradiotherapy. However, in some cases where these approaches are not feasible, the treatment relies on upfront total laryngectomy, often followed by adjuvant therapy. With the exception of early-stage glottic tumours, where hypofractionation has proven its efficacy, there is no formal indication to modify the standard fractionation regimen. Due to the movements induced by respiration and swallowing, laryngeal mobility must be taken into account. Three-dimensional volumetric imaging is the gold standard for ensuring accurate daily patient positioning and monitoring weight loss. The follow-up of laryngeal cancers is crucial for the early detection of potential recurrences and for adjusting oncological management when necessary. It also plays a key role in patient rehabilitation, ensuring the best possible preservation of vocal and respiratory functions to optimize quality of life.Nous présentons la mise à jour des recommandations de la Société française de radiotherapie oncologique concernant la radiothérapie des cancers du larynx. L’examen clinique au fauteuil et la nasofibroscopie sont essentiels pour évaluer précisément la mobilité laryngée, paramètre crucial dans la décision thérapeutique du cancer de la glotte. Dans les cancers de petit stade, la prise en charge thérapeutique dépend de nombreux facteurs et fait l’objet d’une réflexion approfondie et d’une discussion multidisciplinaire. Entre la chirurgie et la radiothérapie, la décision peut être personnalisée afin d’assurer un équilibre optimal entre contrôle tumoral et préservation des fonctions laryngées. Dans les tumeurs du larynx de stade avancé, le choix thérapeutique repose principalement sur deux stratégies: la chimioradiothérapie concomitante ou une chimiothérapie d’induction suivie d’une chimioradiothérapie. Toutefois, dans certains cas où ces approches ne sont pas envisageables, la prise en charge repose sur la laryngectomie totale d’emblée, souvent suivie d’un traitement adjuvant. À l’exception des tumeurs glottiques précoces où l’hypofractionnement a démontré sa validité, il n’existe pas d’indication formelle de modifier le schéma de fractionnement standard. Du fait des mouvements induits par la respiration et la déglutition, la mobilité du larynx est importante à garder en tête. L’imagerie volumétrique tridimensionnelle est la référence en matière de positionnement quotidien correct du patient et de suivi de la perte de poids. Le suivi des patients atteints de cancer du larynx est essentiel pour détecter précocement d’éventuelles récidives et ajuster la prise en charge oncologique si nécessaire. Il joue également un rôle clé dans la réhabilitation du patient, en veillant à préserver au mieux ses fonctions, notamment vocales et respiratoires, afin d’optimiser sa qualité de vie
Subcutaneous vedolizumab dose intensification in inflammatory bowel disease patients: the OPTI-VEDO multicenter study from the GETAID
No full textInternational audienceBackground and Aims While this strategy is frequently used for other biologics, real-world evidence on subcutaneous (SC) vedolizumab (VDZ) dose intensification in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is lacking. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of SC VDZ intensification. Methods We conducted a retrospective study in 25 centers including all patients with active ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn’s disease (CD) (defined by PRO2), and incomplete or loss of response to SC VDZ 108mg EOW when the drug was intensified. The primary outcome was steroid-free clinical response (SFCr) defined by at least 50% of PRO2 improvement, no treatment change, no surgery, and SC VDZ persistence at 3 months. Results Out the 154 included patients (66% UC, 34% CD), prior anti-TNF exposure was reported in 85% of CD and 50% of UC patients. SC VDZ was intensified for an incomplete response in 73% of CD and 53% of UC patients, mostly at 108mg weekly (95%). At 3 months, SFCr was achieved in 35% of CD and 43% of UC patients. In multivariate analysis, factors associated with response were secondary loss of response in CD, and prior anti-TNF exposure in UC. At 12 months, 51% of CD and 37% of UC patients maintained SC VDZ. Adverse events occurred in 10 patients including one severe pneumonia and one angioedema. Conclusions In this real-world study evaluating SC VDZ intensification, a SFCr was observed in at least one third of IBD patients at 3 months, suggesting the benefit of this strategy in clinical practice
Un échec de transformation en coopérative : Les péripéties d’un BSC à travers le prisme du jeu des acteurs
No full textInternational audienceCette recherche s’intéresse aux rôles et aux positionnements successifs que prennent les acteurs dans la mise en place d’une stratégie de contournement des normes d’élaboration d’une Société Coopérative d’Intérêt Collectif (SCIC) en prenant appui sur un Balanced Scorecard (BSC). La volonté de démocratie interne sera traduite dans le BSC et formera un indicateur. Cet indicateur va être l’enjeu de luttes de pouvoirs et de représentations par différents acteurs. Ces tensions aboutiront finalement au rejet du projet de SCIC qui sera officiellement un échec.La recherche montre, en mobilisant la théorie de l’acteur réseau (TAR) (Callon & Latour, 2006) que les acteurs enrôlent une norme concurrente – la sociocratie telle que définie par Endenburg (1998) – pour contourner, puis trahir (Latour, 2006), le processus d’élaboration du BSC de la SCIC. Cependant une revue a posteriori indique que l’organisation, restée sous forme associative, fait réémerger un grand nombre de caractéristiques coopératives et que l’outil initialement développé pour la SCIC se retrouve altéré dans l’association. Nous discutons ces résultats en mobilisant le concept d’édition issu de l’institutionnalisme scandinave (Château-Terrisse & Oiry, 2020; Wæraas & Sataøen, 2013). Nous proposons que les inscriptions (Akrich, 2006a) peuvent devenir des objets frontière (Star & Griesemer, 1989) plus ou moins flexibles qui jouent alors un rôle central dans le maintien d’un outil de gestion. Cette recherche apporte à la littérature en sciences de gestion une opérationnalisation de la TAR comme cadre méthodologique couplé au concept d’édition, dialoguant en cela avec les recommandations de Château-Terrisse et Oiry (2020)
Disease severity in coinfected hosts: the importance of infection order.
No full textInternational audienceWhen hosts are simultaneously infected by different pathogens, the severity of the disease might be altered compared to hosts harboring single infections. The reasons underlying these changes in parasite virulence are manifold. Here, we investigated the importance of order and timing of infection. We used a model of rodent coinfection between two parasites that do not compete for common resources, an intestinal nematode ( Heligmosomoides polygyrus, Hp) and an apicomplexan protozoan ( Plasmodium yoelii, Py). During single infections, Hp induced only mild disease symptoms. Plasmodium produced a substantial reduction in the number of red blood cells but all mice recovered from the infection. A different picture emerged in coinfected hosts. Hp maintained a profile of mostly asymptomatic infection when infecting hosts that had been previously infected with Py. On the contrary, Py incurred substantially higher costs in hosts that had been previously infected with Hp. We then investigated the possible reasons underlying the increase of Py virulence in hosts that had been previously infected with Hp. We found that coinfected hosts were less able to control Py multiplication and to recover from infection-induced anemia. Coinfected hosts had similar levels of erythropoietin and similar renewal of lost red blood cells compared to single Py infected hosts, resulting in decreased tolerance to Py infection. Experimental administration of erythropoietin in coinfected (Hp infecting first) hosts, partially decreased the severity of disease symptoms and improved tolerance. The detoxification of free heme released during the lysis of red blood cells, and the expression of Th1 and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes were also similar between coinfected and single infected hosts. However, coinfected mice had higher proportions of regulatory T cells expressing the CTLA-4 immune checkpoint, suggesting an enhanced immunosuppressive activity of Tregs. Py infection also induced the exhaustion of CD8 + T cells, as coinfected mice had higher proportions of both PD-1 + and LAG-3 + CD8 + T cells, and an increase in the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio. Overall, these results stress the importance of the order of infection as a major determinant of malaria severity in hosts harboring a gastrointestinal nematode infection. We discuss the possible epidemiological and evolutionary consequences of these results
Small-Amplitude Finite-Depth Stokes Waves are Transversally Unstable
No full textInternational audienceWe prove that all irrotational planar periodic traveling waves of sufficiently smallamplitude are spectrally unstable as solutions to three-dimensional inviscid finite-depth gravity water-waves equations
Quelles réponses comportementales de la part des consommateurs vis-à-vis des marques faisant l’objet de scandales ?
No full textInternational audienceUne étude de cas, prenant la forme d’une analyse documentaire, a été réalisée afin de comprendre de caractériser et de classifier les réponses comportementales des consommateurs d’une marque ayant fait l’objet d’un scandale, et ce en fonction du niveau de haine ressentie. Douze entreprises, issues de domaines d’activités stratégiques différents, ayant dû récemment faire face à une crise majeure ont été étudiées pour mettre en exergue et expliquer les réactions comportementales des consommateurs. Une grille de lecture proposant d’établir des liens entre les comportements des entreprises, les réactions des consommateurs et les réponses des entreprises a été établie. Nos résultats confirment la littérature sur les comportements des entreprises (Makarem et Jae, 2016) et les liens entre haine et résistance (Buffaz, Perraud, Rodriguez, 2024) et permettent de recommander aux marques une réponse appropriée et spécifique à chaque réaction des consommateurs en fonction du type de scandale identifié