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Evaluating the Reproducibility of Impedance Measurements of Wind Instruments
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Not just a detail: Modal habit as central to everyday mobility
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter focuses on what can be called “modal habits”, that is everyday mobility habits which develop around a particular mode of transport. It provides a state of knowledge on the role and place of the concept of habit in research into mobility and transport. The chapter addresses the issue of defining and delimiting the concept of habit. Once this is done, it sheds light on the schematic nature of habits and the processes which lead to their internalization or even their incorporation, when they become almost automated. Many studies in social psychology identify habit as an interfering force within two specific pairs in the explanation of human behavior. Habit interferes both between intentions of use and behaviors, and between perceived social norms and their behaviors. As an illustration and demonstration of the interest of habit-based approaches, the chapter presents some empirical analyses that focus on driving
Time experienced in everyday mobility: Perceptions, uses and values
No full textInternational audienceThis chapter aims to offer a state of knowledge relating to time as it is experienced in everyday mobility. It focuses on three dimensions relating to the time spent on everyday travel: subjective perceptions; the uses of this time; and the values and meanings that people associate with this daily time. In the history of research on everyday transport, the chapter identifies three major periods during which the interest given to time spent in transport has grown. These periods include: from the 19th century to the 1970s; from the 1970s to the 1990s; and since the 2000s. The primary source of explanation for the differences between duration and time is the mode of transport used. Following the combined increase in both cycling practice and cycling accidents in French cities and more generally in northern countries, the use of time spent cycling has in turn become a research issue
The mobile individual: Mobile life, longer‐term approaches and subjectivities
No full textInternational audience"Being mobile is more than just traveling." Early research on transportation long believed that daily commutes were a waste of time, and that modes of transportation were simply interchangeable depending on changing circumstances.However, as research on daily mobility advances, a better understanding of the social and symbolic significance of such practices emerges. All of this contributes to the fact that daily mobility is not just a means to an end but is often at the very heart of deeply ingrained lifestyles and habits.With contributions from internationally recognized specialists, this book provides an overview of the different facets of the individual experience of mobility. Using a three-pronged approach, the book draws upon the experience of everyday time and long-term processes such as socialization to mobility, while also attempting to better understand what feeds mobile subjectivities, starting with the social representations of modes and habits that people develop throughout their lives
Communicating Complex Interrelations Between Inner-Alpine Migration, Brain Drain, and Safeguarding Prosperity: The case of Delle, Pontarlier and Lons-le-Saunier
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La topographie de Metz durant l’Antiquité tardive
No full textInternational audienceUntil the end of the 3rd century, the city of Metz grew rapidly with the development of three suburban districts outside the original urban core in the Moselle-Seille interfluve zone, which increased the inhabited area to almost 120 ha. The construction of the city wall at the end of the 3rd or in the first half of the 4th century placed three districts outside the fortified enclosure. Two of them (the Pontiffroy and Outre-Seille districts) had a similar evolution: by the early 4th century, the dwellings had been abandoned and the building materials salvaged; the only remaining evidence of occupation is the roadway and a few late-antique graves. The southern outskirts of the city, which had developed around the Great Amphitheatre, followed a different path. Between the 4th and 6th centuries AD, this sector was marked by a complex succession of occupation, interspersed with periods of decline. The amphitheatre was temporarily fortified by the construction of a wide ditch at the end of the 3rd or early 4th century. This was followed by a hiatus in domestic occupation throughout the 4th century. Meanwhile, the presence of the army is attested by some pieces of militaria and around fifteen graves were dug around the amphitheatre. This area was significantly reoccupied during the second half of the 5th century and early 6th century, with evidence of various crafts, people of high status and Christianised individuals. This new dynamism could be linked to the founding of the city’s first Christian sanctuary, possibly located in the amphitheatre’s arena.La ville de Metz a connu une forte croissance jusqu’à la fin du Haut-Empire avec le développement de trois quartiers en périphérie du noyau urbain originel de la zone d’interfluve Moselle-Seille, qui ont porté la surface habitée à près de 120 ha. La construction de l’enceinte de la ville, à la fin du IIIe ou dans la première moitié du IVe s., a placé ces trois quartiers extra muros. Deux d’entre eux, les quartiers du Pontiffroy et Outre-Seille, ont alors connu une évolution comparable : au début du IVe s., les habitations sont abandonnées et les matériaux de construction récupérés ; les seuls témoins d’occupation subsistant correspondent à la voirie et à quelques tombes. La périphérie méridionale de la ville, qui s’était développée autour du grand amphithéâtre, connaît une trajectoire différente. Entre le IVe et le VIe s., ce secteur est marqué par une succession de plusieurs phases d’aménagement, entrecoupées de périodes de fléchissement de l’occupation. L’édifice de spectacle est temporairement fortifié au moyen d’un large fossé périphérique à la fin du IIIe ou au début du iIVe s. Il s’ensuit un hiatus dans l’occupation domestique pendant tout le IVe s., alors que la présence de militaires est attestée par quelques militaria et qu’une quinzaine de tombes sont implantées sur le pourtour de l’amphithéâtre. Le quartier fait l’objet d’une réoccupation importante dans la seconde moitié du Ve s. et au début du VIe s., marquée par la présence d’artisanats variés, de populations de fort statut et d’individus christianisés. Ce nouveau dynamisme pourrait être en relation avec la fondation du premier sanctuaire chrétien de la ville, possiblement situé dans l’arène de l’amphithéâtre
JORT (Calvados), « Le Bourg, RD148a, B693 ». Au cœur d’un village : de l’Âge du Fer au XXe siècle au bord de la Dives. Rapport final d’opération de fouille archéologique préventive, Cesson-Sévigné, Inrap Grand-ouest, juillet 2025, 520 p
No full textAu coeur d’un village : de l’Âge du Fer au XXe siècle au bord de la DivesLa fouille réalisée à l’automne 2017 sur la parcelle B693 sise « Le Bourg », à Jort, Calvados, s’inscrit dans la continuité des recherches entreprises depuis 2013. Elle a révélé une succession d’occupations depuis la fin de l’âge du Fer jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine, avec une richesse de vestiges témoignant d’activités funéraires, agricoles et domestiques. La première découverte importante est un nouvel ensemble de 79 tombes, en majorité d’enfants, réunies au sein d’une vaste nécropole de La Tène D1/D2. L’originalité de certaines tombes de même que les dépôts de mobilier suggèrent une hiérarchisation sociale dès l’enfance. Des analyses paléopathologiques pointent vers une mortalité élevée, peut-être liée à une famine survenue dans le contexte de la guerre des Gaules. Une seconde occupation, agricole et domestique, se déploie au cours des Ier-IIe siècles ap. J.-C., à travers bâtiments sur poteaux, caves et fossés parcellaires. Le mobilier mis au jour renvoie à une culture matérielle paysanne montrant cependant quelques signes de prospérité, ainsi qu’un lien avec la côte. À la suite d’un long hiatus, une troisième occupation consiste, du Xe au XVe siècle, en un habitat de village-rue réunissant 7 bâtiments sur poteaux dont 3 habitations, 6 constructions excavées et une dizaine de silos. L’une des habitations, flanquée d’une cour, aurait accueilli une base de pressoir. La céramique suggère un statut économique relativement élevé. Les vestiges les plus récents se limitent à quelques traces de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
Physico-Chemical and Mechanical Properties of DC-Sputtered ZrO2 Coatings Prepared by Oblique Angle Deposition
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, a ZrO2 thin film was deposited onto a Ti6Al4V substrate using the Oblique Angle Deposition (OAD) technique. The influence of the substrate/Zr target an-gle (15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) was investigated, with a fixed azimuthal orientation (Phi) of 180°. The primary objective of this work is to develop and characterize novel biocompatible coat-ings for hip prosthesis implants with a complex 3D spherical geometry. The OAD method enables thin film deposition on such geometries and enhances understanding of how the par-ticle incidence angle affects the surface morphology and microstructure of zirconium oxide (ZrO2) thin films. This study combines an experimental approach DC magnetron sputtering with a multi-scale numerical approach using Monte Carlo codes (SRIM, SIMTRA, and NASCAM). The structure, texture, and growth of the ZrO2 coatings were analyzed via X-ray diffraction (XRD), while microstructure and surface morphology were examined using scan-ning electron microscopy (SEM). Hardness and Young’s modulus were determined through nanoindentation testing. Results indicate that increasing the oblique angle leads to a decrease in hardness. Experimental and numerical findings complement each other, offering deeper insight into the deposition phenomena. SIMTRA simulations closely replicate experimental observations: a higher number of incident particles results in increased coating thickness. Additionally, the film thickness decreases with increasing substrate inclination angle. The microstructure of ZrO₂ thin films is strongly influenced by substrate orientation, and coated substrates demonstrate superior performance compared to their uncoated counterparts
Welcoming the Consumer: a Semiotic Exploration of Coffee Shop Entrances
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