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Improvement of the high-temperature performance of multi-element ultrasonic transducers
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Tracking molecular hydrogen migration along a subduction shear zone
No full textInternational audienceThis manuscript presents integrated field, petrographic, microstructural and thermodynamic modelling results documenting the high-pressure channelization of H2 and the rheological impact of its reactivity with carbonate (dolomite and calcite)-rich rocks along a serpentinite-hosted shear zone from Alpine Corsica (France). Microstructures within the carbonates attest to the occurrence of a deformation continuum, evolving from initial brittle fracturing to strain localization by viscous deformation. Raman spectra of fluid inclusions within the carbonates reveals the circulation of H2 and CH4 at all stages of the microstructural evolution, the latter interpreted to be the result of H2carbonate interactions. Thermodynamic models suggest that carbonate phase stability at pressuretemperature conditions representative of a subduction setting is modified by the presence of H2, with dolomite being progressively replaced by calcite+graphite+magnetite with increasing H2 in the system. An initial phase of overpressure created by H2-rich fluids led to the brecciation of dolomite, creating a fine-grained aggregate, which facilitated a switch to a semi-brittle mode of deformation and created high-permeability pathways for subsequent phases of H2 infiltration. Subsequent phases of infiltration of H2 were accompanied by transformation of dolomite to calcite, the degree of transformation dependent upon the efficiency of H2 percolation. Calcite, being rheologically weaker than dolomite at these temperatures, underwent viscous flow in domains of extensive dolomite reduction, whereas adjacent dolomite-rich domains contain minimal imprints of extensive plastic deformation. Our results demonstrate extensive fossilized H2-carbonate reactivity and show that the infiltration of H2-rich fluids strongly affects the rheology of carbonates by inducing reactivity and phase transitions
La professionnalisation du référencement web au prisme de l'outillage de la formation (P.R.O.F.)
No full textThis dissertation examines the dynamics of the professionalization of Web search engine optimization (SEO) through an interdisciplinary approach drawing on information and communication sciences, computer science, sociology of professions, and professional didactics. Based on a methodological triangulation—combining digital tool analysis, professional corpus study, and pedagogical experimentation— it highlights a triple mediation (technical, social, and pedagogical) that shapes the emergence of a specific form of professionality. The findings show that SEO tools go beyond their instrumental function: they contribute to the standardization of practices, the production of collective knowledge, and the redefinition of criteria for professional legitimacy. The professionalization of SEO thus appears as a dynamic process, shaped by technological change, democratic challenges related to access to information, and tensions between industrialization and creativity.Cette thèse interroge les dynamiques de professionnalisation du référencement Web à travers une approche interdisciplinaire mobilisant les sciences de l'information et de la communication, l'informatique, la sociologie des professions et la didactique professionnelle. En s'appuyant sur une triangulation méthodologique— analyse d'outils numériques, étude de corpus professionnels et expérimentation pédagogique — elle met en évidence une triple médiation (technique, sociale et pédagogique) structurant l'émergence d'une professionnalité spécifique. Les résultats montrent que les outils de référencement ne se limitent pas à une fonction instrumentale, mais participent à la standardisation des pratiques, à la production de savoirs collectifs et à la reconfiguration des critères de légitimité professionnelle. La professionnalisation du référencement Web s'inscrit ainsi dans un processus dynamique, façonné par les mutations technologiques, les enjeux démocratiques d'accès à l'information et les tensions entre industrialisation et créativité
Quelle contribution l’analyse de réseaux peut-elle apporter à l’évaluation de politiques publiques territoriales ?: Réflexions à partir d’une étude de cas en Nord Franche-Comté
No full textAbstract:The authors of this paper seek to assess the potential of network analysis for the evaluation of a territorial development policy. On the one hand, the aim is scientific since the literature on network analysis in the social and human sciences has only marginally examined the evaluation of public policies and territorial dynamics other than economic and driven by firms. On the other hand, it is operational since it involves contributing to the evaluation of a project carried out by two local authorities in the North Franche-Comté region, Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération and Grand Belfort, engaged in an ambitious decade-long project aimed at transforming the northern Franche-Comté industrial territory, subject to deindustrialization, with the creation of an innovation ecosystem around industry 4.0, a hydrogen sector, the acculturation of the population to digital and more generally to innovation. After having identified the strengths and limitations of network analysis to contribute to this evaluation, the authors deploy a methodology which combines qualitative data and analysis of statistics associated with graph theory on the ground of the North Franche-Comté region and draw lessons from it in order to understand the emergence and implementation modalities of this territorial development project and what they reveal about deviations from expectations and the vitality of the project over time.Extended abstract: Assessing the impact of a public policy remains complex and cannot be reduced to measuring indicators. While network analysis is promising for evaluating public policies aimed at territorial development, the scientific literature on networks has two shortcomings; it has only marginally examined networks’ evaluation potential under a territorial development perspective; studies on network at the territorial level are usually focused on economic flows generated by the private sector, and not so much on other kind of dynamics. Thus, to understand what is at stake within a territorial development project led by public actors and involving a diversity of stakeholders, we wish to analyze the cooperative dynamics at work within the framework of the project called “Transformation of an Industrial Territory” (TTI), (2017-2027). This project is conducted in the North Franche-Comté region and has obtained public support for project setup and deployment. The project aim is to ease the transformation of the North Franche-Comté industrial territory, subject to deindustrialization, with the creation of an innovation ecosystem around Industry 4.0 principles, the development of a hydrogen sector, as well as digital and innovation acculturation of the population. In this project, researchers designed a framework to evaluate the program deployment and territorial transformations over the duration of the project. Apart from measuring several indicators, this involves observing stakeholders’ interactions during various stages of the project (launch period in 2017-2018; 2020-2021; 2022-2023) and understanding their influence on the project. As such, a longitudinal network analysis appeared as a promising avenue to support the evaluation of the territorial development policy underlying the project.After determining what contributions network analysis can bring to the evaluation of a territorial development policy, we use a methodology that combines qualitative data and graphs within the "Transformation of an Industrial Territory" project. A questionnaire about cooperative relationships and their weight within TTI provided data used through the software Gephi to produce statistics and graphs. The network analysis applied to the evaluation of this specific territorial development project highlights a dynamic of network expansion, then reduction.This can either reveal difficulties to maintain the vitality of interactions over time within the project, or foreshadow the existence of cycles in network constitution and project life. This study confirms that network analysis thus has real interest in accounting for stakeholders’ relationship nature and evolution in the context of a territorial development project. Indeed, cooperation constitutes an indicator of the effect of this public policy. However, the influence of the network constructed by the public policy on achieving objectives is uncertain. In other words, the causal relationship between the establishment or evolution of the relationships between network actors and the success or failure of the project is less obvious; network analysis can sometimes reveal explanatory factors toward a result, without being exhaustive or estimating the weight of their respective influence. Furthermore, network analysis can help uncover interactions producing unanticipated territorial development effects, such as generating new projects involving the same configuration of actors on similar issues and thanks to collective competencies acquired through participation in the same initial project.Les auteurs de cet article cherchent à apprécier le potentiel de l’analyse de réseaux pour l’évaluation d’une politique de développement territorial. L’objectif est d’une part scientifique puisque la littérature portant sur l’analyse de réseaux en sciences humaines et sociales n’a examiné que de manière marginale l’évaluation des politiques publiques et la dynamique territoriale autre qu’économique et impulsée par les firmes. Il est également opérationnel puisqu’il s’agit de contribuer à l’évaluation d’un projet porté par deux collectivités territoriales du Nord Franche-Comté, Pays de Montbéliard Agglomération et Grand Belfort, engagées dans un projet ambitieux d’une décennie visant la transformation du territoire industriel nord franc-comtois, soumis à la désindustrialisation, avec la création d’un écosystème d’innovation autour de l’industrie 4.0, d'une filière hydrogène, de l’acculturation de la population au numérique et plus généralement à l’innovation. Après avoir identifié les atouts et limites de l’analyse de réseau pour contribuer à cette évaluation, les auteurs déploient une méthodologie qui allie données qualitatives et analyse de statistiques associées à la théorie des graphes sur le terrain nord franc-comtois et en tirent des enseignements pour comprendre les modalités de constitution et de mise en œuvre de ce projet de développement territorial et ce qu’elles révèlent des déviations par rapport aux attendus et de la vitalité du projet dans le temps
Association of Cancer and Anti-Synthetase Syndrome: A Retrospective Multicenter Study
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Manganese(I) and Rhenium(I) Chelate Complexes with 2-Azabutadienes (RS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2: Topological AIM Bonding Analysis and Molecular Structure of fac-MnBr(CO)3[(iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2]
No full textInternational audienceThe thioether-functionalized 2-azabutadiene (iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2 L1 ligates to Mn(CO)5Br to form the five-membered chelate compound fac-MnBr(CO)3[(iPrS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] MnPropBr, whose crystal structure has been determined from X-ray diffraction data. In the crystal, different secondary intermolecular interactions, such as Br…HC and π…π, give rise to a supramolecular network. The electronic properties of the metal–ligand bonds in MnPropBr are similar to those of complex MnPhBr (with R = SPh instead of iPrS); this also applies to a series of structurally analogous fac-ReX(CO)3[(RS)2C=C(H)-N=CPh2] (X = Cl, Br and I; R = SiPr, SPh and StBu) rhenium complexes and are discussed on the basis of QT-AIM (Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules) calculations. New bond length/electron density relationships are proposed for the metal–halide bonds, including, for the first time, complexes of one given metal and all three corresponding halides. In order to obtain a set of coherent data, three manganese complexes that belong to the family fac-MnX(CO)3[N∩N] (X = Cl, Br and I; N∩N is a chelating ligand with two coordinating N atoms) were included in this study
Enrichir la TAR : le concept d’édition
No full textInternational audienceLa Théorie de l’Acteur Réseau - TAR (également dénommée Actor Network Theory – ANT) est un cadre analytique ancien, plutôt bien accepté dans les sciences de gestion. Néanmoins, comme toute méthode, la TAR n’est pas exempte de critiques… ou de pistes d’enrichissement fécondes pour le chercheur
Enhanced energy management of fuel cell electric vehicles using integral sliding mode control and passivity-based control
No full textInternational audienceThis study introduces a novel control strategy and energy management system for Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEVs), aimed at enhancing reliability and reducing maintenance costs without the need for a Load Current Sensor (LCS). Integrating Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) with Passivity-Based Control (PBC), the method focuses on regulating DC bus voltage, smoothing Fuel Cell (FC) current, and optimizing power distribution between the FC and SC, even without load current information. Notably, it eliminates the need for a load current sensor, dispenses with the requirement of an observer or a low-pass filter to estimate the load admittance, and guarantees overall system stability. Simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) tests validate its effectiveness, demonstrating its potential to enhance the competitiveness of FCEVs within the automotive sector
Usages du numérique, langues et migration en Afrique australe et dans l'océan indien.
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Short CIAFU recommendations on the screening and management of asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Immunosuppression refers to a functional or quantitative reduction in immune defenses, resulting in a diminished ability to combat microbial pathogens. Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of severe infections, associated with elevated morbidity and mortality. In routine clinical practice, urine cultures are often performed systematically in patients considered at risk of infection, regardless of urinary symptoms, with the aim of detecting and subsequently treating potential asymptomatic bacteriuria. This study aimed to assess the clinical relevance of screening for and potentially treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised individuals.Materials and methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Medline, without restrictions on language or year of publication. This was complemented by an exploration of the scientific grey literature, including expert reports and guidelines from professional societies. Studies were selected using the following keywords: antibiotic treatment, urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, immunodeficiency, diabetes, renal transplant, neurogenic bladder, cirrhosis, pregnancy, and antimicrobial resistance. All abstracts and full-text articles were reviewed. The synthesis of the findings was subsequently evaluated by members of the CIAFU expert committee, who formulated the most consensual recommendation possible.Results: Across the reviewed literature, no clear benefit was identified in screening for or treating asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients.Conclusion: It is not recommended to screen for or treat asymptomatic bacteriuria in immunocompromised patients, except in specific, well-established scenarios. Treating asymptomatic bacteriuria does not reduce infection risk; rather, it increases the likelihood of adverse effects and contributes to the development of antimicrobial resistance, with its associated morbidity and mortality.Introduction: L’immunodépression, est la réduction des défenses immunitaires et donc l’incapacité à se défendre vis-à-vis d’un microorganisme. Les patients immunodéprimés ont un risque accru d’infections graves avec une morbi-mortalité plus importante. En pratique courante, des ECBU sont réalisés à titre systématique, en dehors de toute symptomatologie urinaire, chez ces patients jugés à risque infectieux, dans le but de dépister puis traiter une éventuelle colonisation urinaire. L’objectif de ce travail était de statuer sur l’intérêt de dépister et éventuellement traiter la colonisation urinaire chez les patients considérés comme immunodéprimés.Matériels et méthodes: Une recherche bibliographique a été effectué sur Pubmed et Medline sans exclusion du langage ou de l’année de publication, associée à une recherche dans la littérature grise scientifique (rapports d’experts et de sociétés savantes). Nous avons sélectionné les études en utilisant les mots clés antibiotic treatment, urinary tract infection, asymptomatic bacteriuria, bacteriuria, pyelonephritis, cystitis, immunodeficiency, diabetes, renal transplant, neurogenic bladder, cirrhosis, pregnancy, antimicrobial resistance. L’ensemble des résumés et articles ont été analysés. La synthèse de l’analyse a été revue par des membres du comité d’experts du CIAFU proposant la recommandation la plus consensuelle possible.Résultats: Dans les articles étudiés, l’intérêt à dépister ou traiter une colonisation urinaire chez les patients immunodéprimés n’a pas été mis en évidence.Conclusion: Au total, il est recommandé de ne pas dépister ni traiter une colonisation urinaire chez le patient immunodéprimé en dehors des situations déjà décrites. Traiter une bactériurie asymptomatique ne permet pas de réduire le risque infectieux mais présente au contraire un risque d’effets indésirables et contribue à l’aggravation de l’antibiorésistance et de la morbi-mortalité liée à celle-ci