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Having a Child with a Non-cohabiting Partner: Going Against the Grain? A Statistical Analysis of Data from the French 2016 National Perinatal Survey
No full textIntimate partner relationships are evolving, and non-cohabiting couples are attracting growing research interest. However, few studies have focused on parenthood in this context. Applying a new set of union categories, the 2016 National Perinatal Survey sheds light on the social profiles and childbearing trajectories of women in non-cohabiting unions at the time of childbirth. Are they different from lone mothers? Are these births planned? This research note uses statistical analysis to examine this group of women, long overlooked in major surveys. At variance with dominant norms, mothers in non-cohabiting unions represent 3% of births in France. They form a diverse population that includes very young women, often still in education, along with older women of foreign origin who are generally more highly educated and more often in employment than lone mothers. In terms of pregnancy planning and antenatal care, women in non-cohabiting unions are in an intermediate position: they receive more antenatal care than lone mothers, but monitoring is less regular than for mothers in cohabiting unions, often because they take longer to realize that they are pregnant. This suggests that these births are often unexpected rather than unwanted
Élodie Serna. 2021. Faire et défaire la virilité : Les stérilisations masculines volontaires en Europe (1919-1939). Presses universitaires de Rennes, 308 pages
No full textThe price of youth. Natural versus social preferences for age-hypergamy
No full textThis paper focuses on the role of age and age gaps in the mating process. We test the predictions of different theories of age heterogamy using a French exhaustive administrative database of newly formed same-sex and heterosexual couples. In both heterosexual and same-sex unions, age gaps and the likelihood of extreme age gaps increase with the income of the male richer partner, especially when he belongs to the top income decile. But women, even when they rank high in the income distribution, are usually matched with an older partner. Women are found to mate with a younger partner in only one specific case: above their 60s, when they provide at least 75% of the household income or rank higher than their partner in the distribution of income in their respective age group. The marriage market thus seems to be best described by exchange theory, mitigated by a remnant of patriarchal norms. In a way, the price of youth depends on the sex of the buyer
Gregory Hanlon. 2023. Death Control in the West 1500-1800: Sex Ratios at Baptism in Italy, France and England. Routledge, 328 pages
No full textWolfgang Lutz. 2021. Advanced Introduction to Demography. Edward Elgar Publishing, 224 pages
No full textRecent Demographic Trends in France: A Singular Position in the European Union
No full textOn 1 January 2024, the population of France was 68.4 million, 230,000 more than on 1 January 2023. Natural increase fell to its lowest level since the Second World War, and since 2018, net migration has been the main driver of population growth. France is the second most populous country in EU-27 (15.2% of the EU population). Its population is growing slightly more slowly and is slightly younger than the European average but is ageing more rapidly.
In 2022, inflows from third countries increased, reaching their highest level since 2000 (282,957 people). The year was marked by a sharp increase in admissions for employment reasons (+4 percentage points) and a growing share of females in inflows (+15 points). France ranked 5th in Europe for migration inflows but ranked 21st if population size is taken into account.
In 2023, the historic decrease in births reflects the decline in fertility (1.67 children per woman), which fell to its lowest level since the Second World War. All age groups were concerned. The profile of age-specific fertility rates in France is similar to that of other countries of Western and Northern Europe, and in 2023 the share of non-marital births was the highest in Europe (65.2%).
Abortion numbers increased for the second consecutive year in 2023, and 8 in 10 abortions were medication-induced. Relative to the number of women aged 15–49 in the population, France, alongside Sweden, had Europe’s highest abortion rate in that year but was also one of the countries with the fewest restrictions on access to abortion.
The number of marriages increased very slightly in 2023, as did the number of civil partnerships (PACS unions), but only partially made up for the shortfall linked to the COVID-19 pandemic. The share of same-sex PACS unions and marriages remained relatively stable in 2023 and, with the steady increase in mean age at marriage, France moved closer to the pattern in Southern and Western Europe, where marriage is later than in Eastern Europe.
While the number of deaths fell between 2020 and 2023, it remained above prepandemic levels (2019). Life expectancy, on the other hand, was higher in 2023 than in 2019 for both sexes, although the rebound in France was smaller than that observed in some other European countries. Compared with other EU countries, mortality in France remained relatively low at the most advanced ages, although the country performed much less well for infant mortality and its lag increased. The gender gap in mortality was above the European average but decreasing steadily. While deaths from cardiovascular diseases dominate in Europe, cancers were the leading cause of death in France in 2023
Interruptions de carrière et santé des mères après 50 ans : le rôle de la position sociale. Une étude à partir des données de la cohorte Constances
No full textCet article étudie comment la position sociale agit sur les liens entre les interruptions de carrière et la santé des mères après 50 ans. Il mobilise les données collectées auprès d’un échantillon de 32 357 femmes au moment de leur inclusion dans la cohorte Constances, ayant eu au moins un enfant, ainsi que trente entretiens semi-directifs menés avec des femmes qui ont connu des interruptions d’emploi. Des modèles logit avec effets d’interaction mesurent les probabilités, pour les mères, de déclarer un épisode dépressif et une limitation fonctionnelle en fonction de leur trajectoire d’emploi entre 18 et 50 ans et d’indicateurs de la position sociale (diplôme, PCS du conjoint). Pour les mères moins favorisées, les interruptions longues ou définitives sont associées à des risques accrus de limitations fonctionnelles et d’épisodes dépressifs. Ce lien n’est pas observé chez les plus favorisées. Les récits de vie éclairent ce résultat en montrant que ces types d’interruption ont des implications inégales sur les conditions de vie, le parcours professionnel et l’identité des mères selon leur position sociale. Ils suggèrent aussi des risques de santé mentale spécifiques aux interruptions plus courtes pour les mères diplômées, toutefois non confirmés par les résultats statistiques
Health Transition and Population Ageing
No full textThe Global South, that groups together low- or middle- income countries mainly located in Africa, Asia and Latin America, concentrates most of the world population. Population ageing, caused by the demographic transition and a large decrease in fertility and mortality rates, make these countries face numerous challenges. Among regions in the Global South, the differences in life expectancy at birth were still large in 2022: almost 74 years in Latin America and the Caribbean but only 60 years in sub-Saharan Africa, with some countries barely exceeding 50. Due to many factors that play on health transition, high mortality countries suffer a cumulative burden from both infectious and non-communicable diseases (NCDs). In addition, the lack of old-age mortality data is a dramatic issue when studying longevity in these countries
The Eternal Youth of Ageing Research
No full textThis opening chapter provides an overview of the future societal and subsequent scientific challenges associated with population ageing. More specifically, it emphasizes how the field of biodemography constitutes a relevant framework for future research programmes aiming to address questions of paramount importance regarding both the causes (e.g. evolutionary, mechanistics) and consequences (demographic, medical) of the ageing process. Finally, this chapter details the book contents
La lutte contre les violences conjugales aux prises avec les politiques sociales et sécuritaires
No full textLa lutte contre les violences conjugales est devenue depuis quelques années le domaine d’intervention majeur du ministère de l’Égalité entre les femmes et les hommes mais l’échec et le manque de moyens de cette politique continuent d’être dénoncés par les associations. L’institution aux droits des femmes peine à imposer la spécificité structurelle de ces violences. L’article explique ce manque d’efficacité par une fragmentation des actions en raison d’un manque de coordination entre les politiques d’égalité, sociale et de lutte contre la délinquance. Le rapport de force est défavorable au ministère chargé de l’égalité dont l’action demeure principalement sur le registre symbolique. Les ministères sociaux, de l’Intérieur et de la Justice promeuvent quant à eux un accompagnement de personnes qualifiées de « vulnérables » par des approches individualisées et psychologisantes et un traitement des auteurs par le registre pénal en privilégiant la répression à la prévention