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Participant engagement and involvement in longitudinal cohort studies: qualitative insights from a selection of pregnancy and birth, twin, and family-based population cohort studies
No full textBackground
Longitudinal cohort studies are pivotal to understand how socioeconomic, environmental, biological, and lifestyle factors influence health and disease. The added value of cohort studies increases as they accumulate life course data and expand across generations. Ensuring that participants stay motivated to contribute over decades of follow-up is, however, challenging. Participant engagement and involvement (PEI) aims to secure the long-term commitment of participants and promote researcher-participant interaction. This study explored PEI practices in a selection of pregnancy and birth, twin, and family-based population cohort studies.
Methods
Purposive sampling was used to identify cohorts in Europe, Australia and New Zealand. Fourteen semi-structured digital interviews were conducted with cohort study representatives to explore strategies for participant recruitment, informed consent, communication of general and individual information to participants, data collection, and participant involvement. Experiences, resources allocated to PEI, and reflections on future PEI, were discussed. The interview data were analyzed using a content analysis approach and summary results were reviewed and discussed by the representatives.
Results
The cohort studies used various strategies to recruit participants including support from health professionals and organizations combined with information on the studies’ web sites and social media. New approaches such as intra-cohort recruitment, were being investigated. Most cohorts transitioned from paper-based to digital solutions to collect the participants’ consent and data. While digital solutions increased efficiency, they also brought new challenges. The studies experimented with the use of participant advisory panels and focus groups to involve participants in making decisions, although their success varied across age and socio-economic background. Most representatives reported PEI resources to be limited and called for more human, technical, educational and financial resources to maximize the positive effects of PEI.
Conclusions
This study of PEI among well-established cohort studies underscores the importance of PEI for project sustainability and highlights key factors to consider in developing PEI. Our analysis shows that knowledge gaps exist regarding which approaches have highest impact on retention rates and are best suited for different participant groups. Research is needed to support the development of best practices for PEI as well as knowledge exchange between cohorts through network building
Vers une approche plus globale et inclusive ? Enseigner la dimension sociale du genre et de la sexualité dans les facultés de santé
No full textDans la lutte contre les discriminations de santé liées au genre et aux sexualités, le besoin de solutions institutionnelles, et notamment de nouvelles formations des professionnel·les de santé, apparaît aujourd’hui comme un enjeu majeur. S’il n’existe pas de programme obligatoire codifié nationalement sur le genre et les sexualités, une enquête qualitative basée sur des entretiens avec des personnes portant des enseignements sur ces thématiques a permis de cartographier un ensemble d’initiatives créées localement dans les facultés de santé en France. Ces enseignements sont portés par des entrepreneur·ses de causes issu·es de différentes disciplines ou spécialités (SHS, spécialistes de santé sexuelle, psychiatres, etc.) et ils ont donc des objectifs différents selon les cas, avec une grande hétérogénéité dans les thèmes abordés, le degré de biologisation ou de constructivisme dans l’usage de la catégorie de genre, et la visée des enseignements. Cette diversité invite ainsi à se demander ce que le genre fait aux formations médicales
Elissa Mailänder. 2021. Amour, mariage et sexualité : une histoire intime du nazisme (1930-1950). Seuil, 512 pages
No full textÉlodie Serna, Faire et défaire la virilité: Les stérilisations masculines volontaires en Europe (1919-1939) [Making and Unmaking Virility: Voluntary Male Sterilization in Europe (1919–1939)]. Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2021, 308 pages
No full textComment s’articulent les différences d’âge et les niveaux d’éducation dans le couple ?
No full textDe nombreuses études ont cherché à comprendre la tendance à l’union entre individus de même niveau d’éducation. Cependant, l’interaction entre ce phénomène et les différences d’âge entre les conjoints reste peu étudiée. Cette étude apporte une double contribution. Tout d’abord, elle examine comment les écarts d’âge entre conjoints et l’homogamie éducative ont évolué dans la population de quatre pays sur cinq décennies. Deuxièmement, elle analyse les écarts d’âge entre les conjoints, particulièrement au sein des couples homogames dont les deux membres possèdent des niveaux d’étude similaires. L’étude s’appuie sur les données individuelles de recensement harmonisées IPUMSi, disponibles depuis les années 1960, pour le Brésil, la France, le Panama et les États-Unis. Les résultats indiquent une légère augmentation de la proportion des unions entre personnes du même âge parmi les couples composés de deux diplômés du supérieur, tandis que les proportions parmi les couples présentant d’autres combinaisons de niveaux d’études restent stables. De plus, notre étude révèle une hausse du nombre de couples où l’homme est beaucoup plus âgé que sa conjointe, en particulier dans les couples hypergames et les couples homogames à faible niveau d’instruction. Ces tendances sont observées dans les quatre pays examinés
Khatharya Um, Hélène Le Bail (dir.). 2023. Générations post-réfugiées. Les descendants de réfugiés d’Asie du Sud-Est en France. Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 322 pages
No full textEuropean Union: more single households, fewer families. What geography? What are the explanatory factors?
No full textHouseholds, i.e. all the individuals living within one dwelling, are the basic geographical unit of socialization. Falling fertility rates, leading to smaller families, and ageing populations, resulting in a higher proportion of (small) elderly households, have led to a decline in average household size in the EU27. However, despite the fact that this demographic trend is common to all EU27 countries, household and family characteristics are not uniform across all Member States: other factors play a decisive role and potentially significant differences persist. These contribute to a highly diversified European Union, but a geographical typology is nonetheless possible. What is this typology? What factors explain it
A contextual database at the district level using French census and other administrative data
No full textThis paper presents a comprehensive contextual database designed to enhance the understanding of demographic phenomena by integrating socioeconomic measures at multiple geographic levels in France. The database was developed to support the "Trajectories and Origins 2" (TeO2) survey and contains approximately 400 indicators derived from the 2018 French population census, harmonized historical census data, and other administrative sources. These indicators provide valuable context on immigration, socio-economic structures, and living conditions, allowing for a fine-grained analysis of demographic behaviors. By linking geographic context to survey data, this database offers a robust tool for examining the impact of the local environment on individual life trajectories. The database covers various geographic levels including IRIS, municipalities, and employment zones, and is planned to be made available to researchers through a secure data hub. Future work will focus on developing a visualization tool for easy data access and updating the database with new data releases
Isabelle Clair, Les choses sérieuses: Enquête sur les amours adolescentes [Serious Things: An Inquiry into Adolescent Loves]. Seuil, 2023. 400 pages
No full textLong-Term Trends of Partner Age Differences by Educational Pairings: An Exploratory Study in Four Countries
No full textAlthough extensive research has been conducted on the evolving patterns of educational assortative mating, the interplay between this phenomenon and partners’ age differences has received limited attention. This study offers a twofold contribution. First, it examines trends in both age and educational assortative mating over five decades across four countries. Second, it explores age-difference trends in educationally heterogamous and homogamous couples, with a focus on patterns related to educational homogamy. We used IPUMSi harmonized census microdata for Brazil, France, Panama, and the United States, available since the 1960s. Results indicate a slight increase in the proportion of same-age couples among tertiary-educated couples over time, while proportions across other educational pairings remain stable. Additionally, we observe a growing prevalence of relationships in which the man is much older than the woman, particularly among educationally hypergamous and homogamous low-educated couples. These trends are consistent across all contexts examined