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Un quart de ménages complexes en Polynésie française. Des modes de corésidence adaptés aux crises
No full textHow does socioeconomic homophily emerge? Testing for the contribution of different processes to socioeconomic segregation in adolescent friendships
No full textHomophily – the fact that friendships happen at a higher rate among similar individuals – does not necessarily imply homophilic selection – the tendency to look for similar friends. This is particularly true for socioeconomic homophily: because individuals’ social class impacts most aspects of their lives, there are several ways in which it can favor homogeneity in friendship networks. Applying this view to the relationships of French middle-school students, the present article tries to unravel the contribution of various relational processes to the emergence of socioeconomic homophily. Stochastic Actor-Oriented Models, a class of generative models designed for network panel data, are applied to the friendship networks of 820 students surveyed over a year and a half. Simulations derived from the estimated models are then used to assess the impact of different processes on aggregated levels of homophily. To that aim, a new metric is proposed that help researchers decompose an observed property of a network into a set of contributions from low-order processes, called “contribution scores”. Results suggest that direct homophilic selection can be important in explaining socioeconomic homophily, but not in all cases. Indirect inducers, such as residential propinquity or ethnic selection, also play a significant role. Moreover, endogenous network processes – namely reciprocation and transitive closure – strongly contribute to homophily by reinforcing other homophily-inducing processes
Can people afford to pay for health care? New evidence on financial protection in France
No full textThis review is part of a series of country-based studies generating new evidence on financial protection – affordable access to health care – in health systems in Europe. Catastrophic health spending is lower in France than in many other European Union (EU) countries, but unmet need for dental care is above the EU average and both outcomes are marked by significant income inequality. Catastrophic health spending is heavily concentrated in the poorest fifth of households and mainly driven by out-of-pocket payments for outpatient medicines, medical products and outpatient care. This is likely to reflect widespread, heavy and complex user charges (co-payments) for publicly financed health care, including substantial balance billing for medical products and outpatient care.
Complementary health insurance (CHI) covering user charges covers around 95% of the population and improves financial protection for most people due to sustained Government efforts to secure free or subsidized access to CHI for people with very low incomes. However, CHI does not fully address the problems caused by user charges households with the lowest incomes are the least likely to have any form of CHI and CHI is a highly regressive way of financing the health system. It also involves significant transaction and financial costs for the Government and employers. Since 2019 the Government has taken steps to reduce balance billing for medical products. Building on this, the Government can use public resources more efficiently by reducing user charges and limiting the health system’s reliance on CHI – for example, exempting households with low incomes and people with chronic conditions from all co-payments; introducing an income-based cap on all co-payments; further limiting balance billing; and reducing the regressivity of CHI
The Socface Project: Large-Scale Collection, Processing, and Analysis of a Century of French Censuses
No full textThis paper presents a complete processing workflow for extracting information from French census lists from 1836 to 1936. These lists contain information about individuals living in France and their households. We aim at extracting all the information contained in these tables using automatic handwritten table recognition. At the end of the Socface project, in which our work is taking place, the extracted information will be redistributed to the departmental archives, and the nominative lists will be freely available to the public, allowing anyone to browse hundreds of millions of records. The extracted data will be used by demographers to analyze social change over time, significantly improving our understanding of French economic and social structures. For this project, we developed a complete processing workflow: large-scale data collection from French departmental archives, collaborative annotation of documents, training of handwritten table text and structure recognition models, and mass processing of millions of images.
We present the tools we have developed to easily collect and process millions of pages. We also show that it is possible to process such a wide variety of tables with a single table recognition model that uses the image of the entire page to recognize information about individuals, categorize them and automatically group them into households. The entire process has been successfully used to process the documents of a departmental archive, representing more than 450,000 images
Promouvoir et confronter les sources statistiques existantes pour répondre aux enjeux démographiques en Afrique subsaharienne
No full textEn Afrique subsaharienne, les dynamiques démographiques ne sont pas connues avec précision en raison d’un manque criant de données, alors que les informations statistiques disponibles – en particulier les recensements de population – ne sont pas exploitées à leur plein potentiel.
Traitant des différentes thématiques, cet ouvrage est structuré suivant divers objectifs méthodologiques : archivage des enquêtes ; comparabilité des indicateurs et confrontation des sources ; dynamiques démographiques et mobilisation de nouvelles sources de données ; analyse des dynamiques à un niveau désagrégé et enfin ; réflexion sur l’éthique et le partenariat.
Pour valoriser ces données, le projet Demography Statistics for Africa (DEMOSTAF) a regroupé, pendant 4 ans, un consortium international de 14 centres de recherche et 4 instituts de statistiques autour d’un programme de mobilité internationale. Il a aussi soutenu des projets destinés à répondre à des questions contemporaines autour de la fécondité, de la santé, de la famille et de l’éducation.
Cet ouvrage intéressera autant le milieu de la recherche scientifique que les acteurs des pouvoirs publics et des agences internationales qui travaillent en Afrique
How Scientific Ignorance and Social Invisibility Shape the Issue of Occupational Health in France as a Nonproblem
No full textRather than leading to the emergence of a problem, some processes contribute to limiting their scope and impeding agenda-setting. These “nonproblems” are situations that could have led to social mobilizations or public intervention but end up neither being publicized nor subject to strong policy. We use occupational health in France to illustrate these mechanisms. The social invisibility of work-related ill-health is linked to the joint contribution of two processes. Firstly, from the perspective of research on ignorance and undone science, scientific knowledge is under-developed compared to other public health issues. And even available knowledge is rarely used by policy-makers. Secondly, policies use underestimated numbers from the occupational diseases compensation system. This specific configuration of knowledge/ignorance and official counting plays a central role in the production of occupational health issues as a nonproblem. Their invisibility contributes to the production of inertia and public inaction that characterize public policy in this field
Le « mec déconstruit », figure valorisée d’une masculinité post-#MeToo
No full textQuel impact de #MeToo et des nouvelles approches féministes sur les masculinités ? Une enquête montre qu’au sein des jeunes générations, la figure du « mec déconstruit » est désormais valorisée
Précarité, sur-emploi ou discontinuité ? Trajectoires et vécus des contrats courts pour les salarié·es de 50 ans et plus
No full textCet article étudie la situation spécifique des salarié·es de 50 ans et plus en contrats courts pour comprendre leurs trajectoires, leurs vécus, les spécificités des obstacles rencontrés et des ressources mobilisées. Outre un éclairage quantitatif apporté sur notre matériau qualitatif via la mobilisation de l’enquête Emploi, la spécificité de notre démarche réside dans l’analyse croisée des éléments relevant de l’emploi et du chômage, des situations objectives et des vécus. Nous décrivons d’abord les principales caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles des seniors en contrats courts. Nous distinguons ensuite trois types de trajectoires. Deux premières configurations peu connues apparaissent, où contrats courts ne riment pas avec précarité pour les seniors : le cumul d’un emploi stable avec des contrats courts ; des carrières en contrats courts dans des secteurs où ceux-ci sont la norme. Le troisième type de parcours concerne les seniors dont les trajectoires sont marquées par la précarité et qui aspirent à travailler davantage, en contrat à durée indéterminée et avec des conditions de travail moins pénibles. Enfin, nous analysons les ressources et les obstacles spécifiques aux seniors en contrats courts par rapport à des salarié·es plus jeunes dans la même situation
Data set – Demographics of France [metropolitan and whole of France]
No full textWith information on approximately 50 demographic indicators, this data set provides historical time series tables for both metropolitan and overseas France, covering population change, age structure, immigration, period and cohort fertility, induced abortions, period and cohort nuptiality and legal dissolution, and mortality. For many indicators, these series go back to the beginning of the 20th century for metropolitan France. Updated each year, they have been largely reconstructed using the tables and appendices of the annual ‘Demographic Situation in France’ published by the journal Population