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Migrant·es privilégié·es et agent·es de l’État : devenir magistrat·e outre-mer au croisement du personnel et du professionnel
No full textCet article analyse les départs Outre-mer des magistrat·es français·es à partir de trois sources : premièrement, les données de carrière tirées de l’annuaire de la magistrature situent les profils des magistrat·es ayant une expérience Outre-mer dans l’ensemble des magistrat·es ; deuxièmement, un corpus d’entretiens et, troisièmement, les réponses à un questionnaire éclairent la diversité de ces expériences et des motivations – tant professionnelles que personnelles – qui leurs sont associées. Il étudie les processus individuels et institutionnels qui mènent à ces affectations, en se focalisant sur la décision de partir, plutôt que sur l’expérience Outre-mer. Si les départs sont principalement pensés sur un mode individuel, souvent dans le registre de l’accomplissement de soi, leurs motivations et logiques de sélection reproduisent des relations hiérarchiques à une échelle macrosociale. Cet article met ainsi en lumière des processus de hiérarchisation entre « métropole » et « Outre-mer », mais aussi entre les territoires d’Outre-mer
Bernard Lahire. 2023. Les structures fondamentales des sociétés humaines. La Découverte, coll. « Sciences sociales du vivant », 972 pages
No full textThe Biodemography of Ageing and Longevity
No full textWhy and how we age are probably two of science's oldest questions, echoing personal beliefs and concerns about our own finitude. From the earliest musings of ancient philosophers to recent pharmacological trials aimed at slowing ageing and prolonging longevity, these questions have fascinated scientists across time and fields of research. Taking advantage of the natural diversity of ageing trajectories, within and across species, this interdisciplinary volume provides a comprehensive view of the recent advances in ageing and longevity through a biodemographic approach. It includes the key facts, theories, ongoing fields of investigation, big questions, and new avenues for research in ageing and longevity, as well as considerations on how extending longevity integrates into the social and environmental challenges that our society faces. This is a useful resource for students and researchers curious to unravel the mysteries of longevity and ageing, from their origins to their consequences, across species, space and time
Is an antioxidant-rich or a pro-inflammatory diet during pregnancy associated with allergic and respiratory multimorbidity in children from the ELFE birth cohort?
No full textThe antioxidant capacity and the inflammatory potential of diet during pregnancy may represent a prevention opportunity for allergic and respiratory diseases. We aimed to investigate the associations between the antioxidant and inflammatory potential of maternal diet in the last three months of pregnancy with allergic and respiratory diseases in children. Analyses were performed on 9679 mother-child pairs from the ELFE birth cohort. The dietary total antioxidant capacity (DTAC), without coffee, was estimated with the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), the total radical trapping antioxidant parameter (TRAP), and the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP). The inflammatory potential of the maternal diet was assessed by the energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII). Allergic and respiratory diseases in children up to 5.5 years were considered jointly through five allergic and respiratory multimorbidity clusters (“asymptomatic” - reference, “early wheeze without asthma”, “asthma only”, “allergies without asthma”, “multi-allergic”). Multinomial logistic regressions were performed and adjusted for main confounders. A diet with a higher antioxidant potential was associated with a lower risk of belonging to the “early wheeze without asthma” cluster (aOR(95%CI) = 0.95 (0.90;0.99) per standard deviation (SD) of TEAC score). A higher E-DII was associated with a higher risk of belonging to the “asthma only” cluster (aOR(95% CI)= 1.09 (1.00;1.19) per SD). No association was found with the “allergies without asthma” or “multi-allergic” clusters. An antioxidant-rich diet during pregnancy was associated with better respiratory health while a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with poorer respiratory health in children up to 5.5 years, though the associations were weak
Difficultés et dispositifs d’aide en lecture à la fin du CP dans la cohorte ELFE
No full textmise en ligne en avril 202
L’avortement 50 ans après la loi Veil : un recours et des méthodes qui varient sur le territoire
No full textLe recours à l’avortement en France a connu diverses transformations depuis sa dépénalisation en janvier 1975 suite au vote de la loi Veil. Le cadre de l’interruption volontaire de grossesse (IVG) s’est assoupli avec l’allongement du délai légal, la diffusion de la méthode médicamenteuse, et la prise en charge par de nouveaux groupes professionnels. Le cadre de l’interruption de grossesse pour motif médical (IMG) s’est lui complexifié. D’importantes disparités interdépartementales existent dans la fréquence et le recours aux méthodes d'IVG et dans la prise en charge de l'IMG
Early childcare arrangements and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms: an individual participant data meta-analysis of six prospective birth cohorts in Europe
No full textBackground
Early childcare attendance may be related to children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms throughout childhood and young adolescence, however evidence from Europe is limited. We aimed to assess this association across multiple population-based birth cohorts of children recruited in different European countries.
Methods
Data come from six parent-offspring prospective birth cohort studies across five European countries within the EU Child Cohort Network. A total of 87,208 parent-child dyads were included in the study. To test associations between childcare attendance (centre-based or informal) anytime between ages 0 and 4 years and children's internalizing and externalizing symptoms in middle childhood and young adolescence (measured at: 5–6 years, 7–9 years, and 10–13 years) a two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis was implemented. Linear regression models were performed in each cohort separately; combined random-effects meta-analysis was then used to obtain overall association estimates. In secondary analyses, we tested interactions between childcare attendance and mother's post-partum depression, low education status, and the child's sex.
Findings
Compared to children who were exclusively cared for by their parents prior to school entry, those who attended centre-based childcare had lower levels of internalizing symptoms in all age groups [5–6 years: β: −1.78 (95% CI: −3.39, −0.16); 7–9 years: β: −0.55 (95% CI: −0.88, −0.73); 10–13 years: β: −0.76 (95% CI: −1.15, −0.37)]. Children who attended informal childcare appeared to have elevated levels of internalizing symptoms between 7–9 and 10–13 years, respectively [β: 1.65 (95% CI: 1.25, 2.06); β: 1.25 (95% CI: 0.96, 1.54)]. Informal childcare attendance was also associated with increased levels of children's externalizing symptoms between 7–9 and 10–13 years, respectively [β: 2.84 (95% CI: 1.41, 4.26); β: 2.19 (95% CI: 0.54, 3.84)].
Interpretation
Early centre-based childcare is associated with decreased levels of children's internalizing symptoms compared to exclusive parental care. For informal childcare, opposite associations were observed. Overall, our results suggest that centre-based childcare attendance may be associated with slight positive impacts on children's emotional development and should be encouraged by public policies. In addition, children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families require special attention, as they may not sufficiently benefit from universal early childhood education and care (ECEC).
Funding
This research was funded by the ERC Consolidator grant RESEDA (Horizon Europe, 101001420)
Khatharya Um and Hélène Le Bail, Générations post-réfugiées: Les descendants de réfugiés d’Asie du Sud-Est en France [Post-refugee Generations: The Descendants of Southeast Asian Refugees in France]. Presses universitaires François-Rabelais, 2023, 322 pages
No full textInquiets mais pollueurs : les personnels de la recherche face au réchauffement
No full textL’été 2024 a été le plus chaud jamais enregistré sur la planète. Face à l’inaction climatique, des chercheurs et chercheuses de toutes disciplines se mobilisent depuis plusieurs années pour tenter d’alerter le grand public sur la nécessité de réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Au sein de groupes comme Scientifiques en rébellion, ils et elles conduisent des actions de désobéissance civile, par exemple contre la construction d’un terminal méthanier au Havre en mai 2023, et accompagnent certaines luttes, comme l’opposition à l’autoroute A69.
Mais qu’en est-il de l’ensemble de la communauté de la recherche ? Le constat d’une urgence à agir est-il partagé ? Et comment les personnels se situent-ils par rapport à leurs propres activités ? En effet, le bilan carbone de la recherche est loin d’être négligeable, entre les déplacements en avion et l’usage d’équipements énergivores. Les projets de grandes infrastructures scientifiques, comme le collisionneur au CERN font ainsi débat : au nom de la connaissance scientifique, peut-on accorder à la recherche un droit à polluer supérieur aux autres secteurs d’activités ?
L’enquête sur les rapports entre le monde de la recherche français et le réchauffement climatique apporte un éclairage à ces questions. Elle a été menée dans le cadre du collectif Labos 1point5, qui travaille à mesurer et réduire l’impact environnemental de la recherche. Cette étude est l’une des plus importantes jamais réalisées sur le sujet : conduite en 2020, elle s’appuie sur un échantillon de plus de 6000 répondant·es et est représentative de la majorité des acteurs et actrices du monde de la recherche publique française, quel que soit leur statut et leur discipline. Ce travail mesure d’une part, les pratiques fortement émettrices de GES, comme les déplacements en avion et l’utilisation de gros équipements expérimentaux. D’autre part, il analyse les représentations des acteurs et actrices de la recherche concernant l’urgence climatique, et ce qu’ils et elles sont prêt·es à mettre en œuvre pour réduire leurs émissions. Il montre un net décalage entre des attitudes très sensibles à l’urgence climatique et des pratiques toujours fortement émettrices de GES
Spatial disparities in cause-specific mortality in Ukraine: A district-level analysis, 2006–19
No full textTurbulent socio-economic development, recent political challenges, and remarkable regional diversity with deep historical roots make Ukraine an important case study for understanding mortality trends in Eastern Europe. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive, spatially detailed analysis of cause-specific mortality trends and patterns in Ukraine, focusing on the period 2006–19. We rely on official mortality data and use various demographic and spatial analysis techniques. Our results suggest a notable attenuation of the long-standing West–East and West–South–East mortality gradients. Cardiovascular mortality at older ages largely explains the gap between the vanguard (lowest mortality) and laggard (highest mortality) areas, especially for females and in the most recent period. By contrast, the impact of mortality from external causes has greatly diminished over time. Hotspot analyses reveal strong and persistent clustering of mortality from suicide, HIV, and lung cancer. Further research should focus on in-depth assessment of the mechanisms causing the observed patterns