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Shades of Égalité: Educational Mobility and Ethnoracial Hierarchy Over Three Generations in France
No full textThe long-term incorporation of immigrant-origin populations is a crucial question in liberal democracies. While much research has focused on the second generation, less is known about the grandchildren of immigrants. Investigating this “third generation” is key to assessing whether migration societies offer equal opportunity to their members regardless of their origins—that is, whether family background shapes life chances in a similar way among immigrant and native families. Here, we gauge the influence of ethnoracial origins on life chances in the long run by studying trajectories of intergenerational educational mobility among immigrant and native families over three generations. Our study is set in France, a major country of immigration in Europe, where a national narrative of immigrant integration and equality across ethnic origins has long prevailed. We show substantial catching up in educational attainment and higher social fluidity in immigrant families, for whom the grandparental educational starting point was very low. The grandchildren of Southern European immigrants converge with natives in their mobility patterns, suggesting equal opportunities. Despite a partial convergence, the grandchildren of North African immigrants experience a distinct mobility regime and enduring educational disadvantage. Altogether, our results suggest the existence of an ethnoracial hierarchy, whereby Southern European families experience educational destinies broadly comparable to those of natives, while ethnoracial origins durably shape the educational trajectories of North African families
Marion Maudet. 2024. Au commencement était le couple. Sexualité, amour et religion chez les jeunes. PUF. 272 pages.
No full textSeth M. Holmes. 2024. Fruits frais, corps brisés. Les ouvriers agricoles migrants aux États-Unis. Traduction française de Fresh Fruit, Broken Bodies : Migrant Farmworkers in the United States par Frédéric Joly, préface de Philippe Bourgois. CNRS Éditions, 403 pages
No full textLife and Death in a Changing City: Mortality Patterns and Inequalities in Paris, 1890–1949
No full textData Availability Statement
R code to replicate our figures is available in an Open Science Framework repository: https://osf.io/wcyft/. In addition to the replication code, we provide (1) death counts by cause and estimated exposures for Paris, by age group and 3-year period and (2) total population and death counts for selected causes, by neighborhood and 3-year period. We also provide the complete list of the 200 ICD-4 causes, with their names and codes, as presented in Table 1
Socioeconomic marginalization, social exclusion, and engagement in transactional sex among transgender women living with HIV: the role of multidimensional gender affirmation
No full textGender affirmation (GAF) is a multidimensional (psychological, social, medical, administrative) social determinant of health for transgender individuals. Transactional sex (TS) is prevalent among transgender women living with HIV (TWLH), who face intersectional discrimination. GAF’s relationship with TS is understudied. ANRS-Trans&HIV(2020–2022) was a French cross-sectional, community-based, life-event study of TWLH. We used clustering analyses to identify patterns of GAF among TWLH and compared TS engagement across clusters. 331/506 (65%) were currently engaged in TS. Most reported income <1000€/month. Three clusters were identified: “Sparse engagement with medical and administrative dimensions” (s-MA) – less likely to report lifetime feminizing hormone-use, gender-affirming surgery, or a gender-concordant identity document, “Past and predominant engagement with medical dimension” (p-M) – lifetime but not current feminizing hormone use, and feminizing-but-not-genital surgery, and “Current and comprehensive engagement with all dimensions” (c-MAPS) – current feminizing hormone use & genital surgery, gender-concordant identity documents, infrequent misgendering, and less frequently envisioning gender-affirming care. S-MA (aPR = 1.60, CI = 1.15–2.22) and p-M (aPR = 1.60, CI = 1.17–2.20) had higher TS engagement than c-MAPS. We identified diverse GAF experiences, though some may forego hormone use or genital surgery because they interfere with TS (e.g., erectile dysfunction). Findings underscore improving access to formal employment, reducing socioeconomic marginalization, and offering person-centered care.
Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04849767
Applying a Reconstruction Method to Cause-of-Death Series in Different Countries
No full textCause of death data are essential for demographic and public health research, but classification changes over time pose analytical challenges. The Human Cause-of-Death Data series (HCD) addresses these inconsistencies by reconstructing historical time series of death by causes. The reconstruction method, initially developed by Jacques Vallin and France Meslé at INED, adjusts for ICD changes and has been applied to various national contexts. The method involves setting up correspondence tables between ICD revisions, creating fundamental associations to test consistency, and calculating transition coefficients. Mapping Alzheimer’s disease across France, Spain, and Japan demonstrates significant differences in how causes of death are categorized. In France, the association between Alzheimer’s in ICD-9 and ICD-10 is straightforward, while in Spain and Japan, the associations involve additional conditions, such as dementia, pneumonitis, and senility. These differences underline the necessity of tailoring the reconstruction method to each country’s unique mortality data. This study concludes that applying the reconstruction method enhances the accuracy of cause-specific mortality trends. However, the reconstruction between ICD revisions must be done separately for each country due to variations in medical diagnostics, comorbidities, and classification practices
La répartition des étrangers et des immigrés. Vers une redistribution spatiale ?
No full textLa population étrangère a légèrement augmenté depuis 1975, principalement du fait de migrations estudiantines. Deux dynamiques contribuent à la modification de la distribution spatiale de la population immigrée : d’une part l’évolution des localisations pour les migrations internationales et d’autre part les migrations internes. Souvent concentrées à leur arrivée dans les grandes villes, les populations immigrées et étrangères se redéploient ensuite au sien des villes de plus petite taille voire dans les espaces ruraux. Les cartes de la part des immigrés dans la population au niveau des bassins de vie depuis 1975 montrent que la proportion d’immigrés augmente dans les zones périurbaines ainsi que certains les espaces ruraux comme dans le Sud-Ouest, qui attirent par leur cadre de vie, la disponibilité foncière ou les opportunités d’emploi, notamment dans le secteur agricole. Les migrations internes participent ainsi à une logique de desserrement spatial de la population immigrée à différentes échelles
