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Mesurer la durée. Une analyse à partir du temps de sommeil dans les enquêtes Emploi du temps et la cohorte Constances
No full textComment recueillir la durée passée à réaliser une activité ? Deux méthodes sont classiquement mobilisées pour collecter ces données. La première consiste à mesurer la durée passée à une activité à travers des carnets d’activités. Le temps passé à la réalisation de cette activité est alors mesuré en sommant toutes ses occurrences dans la journée. La deuxième consiste à récolter la durée de l’activité par des questions a posteriori. Les estimations de durées d’activité par des questions a posteriori sont soumises à des biais de désirabilité sociale et de mémoire, biais que les estimations par carnets d’activités permettent de réduire. De ce fait, les estimations par carnets d’activités sont généralement considérées comme plus fiables. Par ailleurs, les questions a posteriori ne sont pas standardisées et il existe plusieurs manières de récolter la durée passée à une activité. Il est donc nécessaire de documenter les effets des modalités de réponses sur les durées d’activité recueillies et les biais potentiels qu’elles induisent, pour comparer les enquêtes passées et pour doter les futures enquêtes des questions les plus adaptées. Ainsi, en prenant l’exemple d’une activité quotidienne qui concerne tous les individus, le sommeil, et du recueil du temps qui lui est consacré dans les enquêtes Emploi du temps et Constances, cet article a deux objectifs. D’une part, il documente l’effet des questions et de leurs modalités de réponse sur l’estimation de la durée d’une activité. D’autre part, il propose une contribution à l’étude des mesures temporelles dans les enquêtes par questionnaire en identifiant les structures de questions les plus pertinentes pour l’étude des usages du temps. Proposer des questions semi-ouvertes n’est pas synonyme d’une plus grande fiabilité des réponses, comme en témoigne l’attrait pour les heures pleines auxquelles elles sont confrontées. Par ailleurs, ces questions posent des problèmes quant à leur codage, les heures et minutes n’étant pas toujours bien renseignées. Ainsi, proposer des modalités de questions fermées en heures pleines et en demi-heures n’entraîne pas de perte de précision dans l’information recueillie, voire permet au contraire de l’améliorer. En revanche, proposer des intervalles d’une amplitude d’une heure produit des effets de seuil plus importants et diminue la précision des résultats
Evolving impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in chronic dialysis recipients in France
No full textThis study investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic period on chronic dialysis recipients in France. Using national data, 71,000 chronic dialysis recipients and 143,000 matched controls were followed up between 2015 to 2022. We estimate the kidney transplant events and survival rates throughout the pandemic waves, compared to the pre-pandemic period. We found that kidney transplantation was performed less, and death rates increased during the pandemic, mostly linked to COVID-19. Booster vaccinations were associated with significantly lower risks of COVID-19-related hospitalizations and death. Observed trends were similar for chronic dialysis recipients and their controls, suggesting that the pandemic-related risk modifications were not related to kidney disease per se
A Life course approach to investigate breast cancer and migration in the greater Paris area: the SENOVIE study protocol
No full textIntroduction: Breast cancer is a global public health challenge. It is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in women. Several inequalities remain among women facing this disease, depending on their country of birth and their sociodemographic characteristics. The SENOVIE study (Therapeutic mobility and breast cancer) aims to understand the life trajectories of women born in France and in sub-Saharan Africa treated for breast cancer in four hospitals in the greater Paris area.
Methods and analysis: The SENOVIE study is a mixed methods study, combining a quantitative and a qualitative approach. A quantitative retrospective life-event survey is conducted in four hospital centres in the greater Paris area, France, to (1) understand how breast cancer (diagnosis, treatment and possibly reconstruction) impacts the life trajectories of women in many spheres (migration, family life, professional life, financial situation, etc); (2) study the access to healthcare by women living with breast cancer and their determinants; and (3) examine how gender relations may shape breast cancer experience. Women born in France and women born in sub-Saharan Africa are recruited: 1000 women, including 500 per group. In the standardised, face-to-face questionnaire, each dimension of interest is collected year by year from birth until the time of the survey. Clinical and laboratory information is documented with a short medical questionnaire filled out by the medical teams. The qualitative survey is conducted specifically with women born in sub-Saharan Africa who came to France for treatment to better understand their trajectories and the specific obstacles they faced. To analyse the quantitative data collected, descriptive analyses will be used to visualise trajectories (sequence analysis), along with longitudinal analysis methods (survival models and duration models)
Gay, bisexual, and non-binary: When young people question heterosexuality
No full textThe number of people identifying as sexual minorities is increasing, particularly among young people. The Envie survey, representative of young adults aged 18–29 in France, demonstrates the considerable diversity of identifications and sexual desires and practices of young people. While most people continue to identify as heterosexual, an increasing number of young women identify as bisexual and pansexual and say that they are attracted to both sexes. This diversity is particularly visible among young non-binary people, who account for slightly over 2% of 18- to 29-year-olds
Private vs. Public Schooling: The Role of School Composition
No full textPublicly funded private schooling is a common feature of many education systems, yet its implications for educational equity and effectiveness remain contested. While private schools often exhibit higher student achievement, the sources of this advantage are not well understood. In particular, differences in student composition — especially in terms of socioeconomic status (SES) — are likely to play a key role. This paper examines how school-level SES composition contributes to achievement differences between public and private schools. Using propensity score matching (PSM) on data from 22,441 French ninth-grade students, we find that private school students outperform their public school peers in math and French, with especially large effects for low-SES students, an underrepresented group in private schools. While school composition explains these effects only to a limited extent, it accounts for most of the performance gap among high-SES students. These findings highlight which students benefit most from private schooling and point to the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying performance differences across school sectors
Demographic Characteristics and Parenthood Across Three Cohorts of Sexual Minority Adults
No full textAs measurement of sexual minority (SM) people's demographic characteristics has evolved over time, it is of interest to understand how identity intersections within SM communities, such as SM parents, have also changed. The current study aimed to investigate how SM parents may or may not differ in demographic characteristics from SM childfree adults and how the demographic characteristics of SM parents may differ across three cohorts. Participants could be part of one of three age cohorts, with each cohort reflecting distinct historic or cultural events related to LGBTQ+ people's experiences. We used data from a national probability study of 1502 SM adults conducted between 2016 and 2017 to compare demographic characteristics by parent and cohort status. SM parents (n = 297) and childfree adults differed in sexual and gender identity, relationship status, educational attainment, urbanicity, and poverty status. There were differences among SM parents based on cohort status in sexual and gender identity, partner status (and gender of the partner), educational attainment, poverty status, and urbanicity. However, there were no differences based on racial/ethnic identity or geographic region among SM parents. This work contributes to the ongoing literature on SM parent families by providing a view of the ways in which SM parents have, and have not, changed demographically over time in the United States
Beyond Wealth and Governance in Terrestrial Protected Area Coverage: The Role of Population Behavioural Traits
No full textBiodiversity loss demands urgent action, and protected area are one of the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation measure. While conservation efforts are known to be driven by economic and political factors, there is an absence of literature addressing the potential role played by behavioural traits at the population level. We investigated how population-level behavioural traits influence the proportion of terrestrial protected area by using large-scale cross-cultural surveys and geospatial data from 75 countries. We show that behavioural traits explain more variation in protected area coverage than economic indicators alone. Furthermore, trust is negatively associated with protected area coverage at the country level, suggesting that high-trust societies rely more on informal conservation practices. These findings challenge conventional models focused on economic and governance drivers and highlight the need for policies that align with population behaviours. Integrating behavioural insights into conservation planning could unlock more effective biodiversity conservation strategies in the era of environmental changes
