L'archive ouverte de L'Ined
Not a member yet
9998 research outputs found
Sort by
Les enquêtes Emploi du temps : enjeux de mesure et perspectives de recherche
No full textLes enquêtes Emploi du temps, réalisées par l’Insee depuis 1966, sont une ressource essentielle pour étudier la façon dont les individus occupent leur temps. À travers la méthode originale des « carnets », complétés par des questionnaires très riches, elles permettent de mesurer finement la durée, le rythme et les conditions de réalisation des activités quotidiennes. Cet article présente le dispositif et les divers types de données de ces enquêtes, en montre les potentialités majeures pour l’étude des inégalités sociales devant le temps, rend compte des limites posées par la méthodologie employée et propose des perspectives de recherche
Gender difference in timing of sexual initiation and fertility desire among youth born with HIV: a case-control study in Thailand
No full textIn countries heavily affected by HIV, large cohorts of youth living with perinatal HIV (YLHIV) are reaching adulthood. They encounter new HIV-related challenges, particularly those related to sexual and reproductive health (SRH). This study aimed to compare the SRH of young adults living with perinatal HIV to that of their peers in the general population. This is a case-control study conducted in 2018–2019 in Thailand, comparing YLHIV aged 19–26 years with their controls from the general population, matched on sex, age and living location. We compared SRH characteristics between groups using univariable tests and estimated the cumulative incidence of sexual initiation using Kaplan-Meier test. We performed a logistic regression to assess the independent factors associated with sexual initiation and fertility desire. 272 YLHIVs and their 272 controls participated, 165 women and 107 men (median age 22 years). Among women living with perinatal HIV, 64% were sexually initiated and 62% had a desire for a child in the future, there was no difference with their controls. Among men living with perinatal HIV, 38% were sexually initiated versus 67% in controls (p < 0.001), 52% desired a child versus 75% in controls (p < 0.001). At the age of 20 years, the cumulative incidence of sexual initiation was 41% in men living with perinatal HIV compared to 61% in controls (p < 0.001). Our study indicates that in Thailand young men experience a significant delay in sexual initiation compared with their peers in the general population, whereas this is not the case for young women. Further studies should examine the reasons for this delay
8281593 Gender and migration background disparities in COVID-19: exploring the role of essential work in France
No full textIntroduction
Women, immigrants, and ethno-racial minorities have been disproportionately infected by COVID-19, with essential workers among the most impacted occupational groups. This study examines disparities in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity by gender and migration background in France at the end of 2020, exploring the role of essential worker status.
Methods
We analyzed data from the EpiCoV cohort, including workers aged 18–64 in metropolitan France who completed home-based SARS-CoV-2 serology testing (ELISA) in late 2020. Participants were grouped by gender and migration background into mainstream men, mainstream women, non-mainstream men, and non-mainstream women. Worker status included seven categories: non-essential workers; high- and low-class healthcare workers (HCWs), high- and low-class social and educational workers (SEWs), and high- and low-class other essential workers (OEWs). We assessed seroprevalence across gender and migration background groups. Non-linear decomposition analysis was used to explain seropositivity differences between mainstream men and each of the other subgroups, distinguishing between compositional differences (unequal representation in essential occupations) and association differences (varying infection risk within similar essential occupations).
Results
SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity was lowest among mainstream men, higher among mainstream women, and highest among non-mainstream groups. The elevated seropositivity in mainstream women, compared to mainstream men, was partly explained by their overrepresentation among HCWs and the stronger association between low-class HCW status and COVID-19 risk. For non-mainstream women, higher seropositivity was partly attributable to their concentration in HCW and low-class SEW jobs, and the stronger association of low-class essential work statuses with seropositivity. Differences between mainstream and non-mainstream men and residual gender gaps were likely driven by factors beyond essential worker status.
Discussion
Essential worker status, particularly in lower occupational classes, explained some COVID-19 disparities, highlighting how gender and migration background intersect with job roles to shape infection risk. These findings call for protecting workers who combine social disadvantages with high-risk job roles
8281694. The social division of work injuries through occupation and industry: A synthetic measure based on massive French administrative data
No full textObjective: Work-related injuries are a major social and public health problem, which can lead to a considerable reduction in healthy life years and carry a great potential for prevention. Our aim was to measure occupational inequalities in work-injury rates in France, using the largest source of information currently available, and a method recently developed by others to study occupational disparities in fatal work injury in North-Carolina.
Material and Methods: We focused on ‘lost-time injuries’ defined as accidents leading to financial compensation, using exhaustive work injury claims for private sector employees over the 2006-2012 period in France. At-risk population counts were primarily extracted from detailed census data. We estimated a standardized work-injury ratio (SIRx) using inverse probability weighting, with non-managers as the reference population, stratifying on industry. We used the method flexibly with alternative at-risk population based on exhaustive administrative data, then looking at severe injuries.
Results: The rate of lost-time injury was more than ten times higher in non-managers (4 031/100 000p.y.) as compared to managers (365/100 000p.y.) overall, based on 4 670 620 accidents registered over the study period. This corresponded to a SIRx of 11.4 [6.8;14.5]. A ratio above 1 indicates work environments where non-managers are exposed to higher risks compared to their manager counterparts, adjusting for the age structure of the workforce. Our results show that the most pronounced differences occurred in manufacturing industries, as well as transportation and warehousing, with SIRx above 12.
Conclusion: The gap in work injuries is large and varies according to the social division of work and hazards which is highly dependent on factors such as trade sector, company size, and actual job content. These findings have policy implications as they underscore the importance of workplace equity and the need to improve health and safety for non-managers in key industries in France
PauIine CIochec et Noémie GrunenwaId (dir.) – Matérialismes trans, 2021, Paris, Hystériques & AssociéEs, 288 p.
No full textO-148 Miscarriage prevalence and factors: a multi-source approach in France
No full textHow do medical records, survey data and qualitative interviews provide complementary insights into the epidemiology of miscarriage in France?
A comprehensive understanding of miscarriage prevalence and its socioeconomic risk factors needs triangulation of data from various sources.
Miscarriage prevalence and its risk factors have mainly been estimated with Nordic health (often hospital) records, showing a decline in medically managed miscarriages and suggesting the woman’s age and previous miscarriages as the main risk factors. Population-based surveys can capture miscarriages that did not lead to hospital management and allow the investigation of more factors than medical records. However, miscarriages are also deemed misreported in such data, with little knowledge of the extent, patterns and reasons. Qualitative approaches can help understand miscarriage experiences, what is reported as a miscarriage in a survey and the reasons for disclosing it or not.This study compares multiple data sources. The primary one is the French National Health Data System, which contains exhaustive medical records for 13,632,246 pregnancies, including inpatient (2009-23) and outpatient care (2013-23). This is compared to the FECOND survey (2010-11), a nationally representative sample of women of reproductive age in France (N = 7,196 pregnancies). We will also conduct around 50 in-depth interviews about miscarriage experiences, to better understand potential misreporting of miscarriages in the quantitative data sources.1) Regression analyses estimating miscarriage risk by year and women’s characteristics in medical records (age at the start of the pregnancy, social security insurance indicating financial precarity, use of assisted reproduction, prior miscarriages). 2) Event-history analyses estimating miscarriage risk in the FECOND survey using similar information and women’s education, socioeconomic position and partnership stability at the start of the pregnancy. 3) Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews pertaining to reasons for misreporting miscarriages in surveys. Our multi-source approach reveals significant discrepancies in miscarriage prevalence across data sources. Medical records show a decline in hospital-managed miscarriages from 6.9% to 5.1% of all clinically recognized pregnancies between 2009 and 2023. Including primary care data, these rates range from 9.9% in 2013 to 8.9% in 2023. This is below the 14% miscarriage rate estimated with self-reported pregnancy outcomes in the FECOND survey, and contrasts with the increasing reporting across women’s birth cohorts (HR = 1.419, p < 0.001 for those born in 1980–85 vs. 1961–69). Both data sources confirm established risk factors: maternal age and prior miscarriages. Interestingly, neither source shows significant socioeconomic disparities in miscarriage risk: financial precarity status in medical records has minimal effect (coeff=-0.009, p < 0.001), whereas educational attainment and self-reported financial situation in FECOND show no significant association (p > 0.05). In the qualitative material, interviewees will be presented with several typical survey questions on pregnancy outcomes, to understand how survey results can be biased by miscarriage misreporting (such as underreporting of miscarriage, or reporting ectopic pregnancies or abortions as miscarriages).Health records underestimate miscarriage prevalence due to missing non-medically managed miscarriages, and likely miss very early pregnancy losses that were not administratively declared. While our forthcoming qualitative investigation will provide valuable insights into reporting behaviours in surveys and care experiences, it will not shed light on limitations of administrative data.Our research will contribute to a better understanding of miscarriage risk factors and methodological shortcomings of various data sources
Les résidences secondaires en France. Usages en transition et reconfigurations de la distribution spatiale
No full textAlors qu’on assiste aujourd’hui à un éclatement géographique des familles, de nouveaux lieux d’ancrage permettent l’expression des solidarités familiales. L’évolution des mobilités et des transports a contribué à désenclaver certains espaces (Ardèche, Finistère, Corse) et à reconfigurer les usages de la résidence secondaire, désormais investie selon un rythme qui n’est plus seulement celui des vacances. Plus récemment, le développement du télétravail a pu conférer une nouvelle fonction aux résidences secondaires. Leur répartition spatiale sur le territoire national (cartographiée au niveau des EPCI) est très contrastée. C’est à Paris, sur les littoraux et dans les Alpes que les effectifs sont les plus élevés. Certains territoires de faibles densités également présentent des proportions élevées même si les effectifs sont faibles. Cette planche de l’atlas s’achève par un zoom sur la Bretagne. Une classification ascendante hiérarchique des EPCI de la région classe les territoires selon les profils des résidents secondaires (lieu d’habitation, âge, niveau de vie) et en montre la diversité
Fast Estimation of the Composite Link Model for Multidimensional Grouped Counts
No full textThis paper introduces a new approach for estimating the Composite Link Model within a penalized likelihood framework, aimed to address indirect observations of grouped count data. While the model is effective in these contexts, its application becomes computationally challenging in large, high-dimensional settings. To overcome this, we propose a reformulated iterative estimation procedure that leverages Generalized Linear Array Models, enabling the disaggregation and smooth estimation of latent distributions in multidimensional data. Through applications to high-dimensional mortality datasets, we demonstrate the model’s ability to capture fine-grained patterns while comparing its computational performance to the conventional algorithm
Traditional Fostering Reconsidered: A Quantitative Assessment of Fa’a’amu Kinship Care in French Polynesia
No full textIn French Polynesia, fa’a’amura’a is the traditional practice of adoption. Studies using small, specific samples have often framed this practice as problematic, with foster children considered subject to endangerment.
However, quantitative analysis based on census and family survey data tells a mitigating story. We find that the practice of fa’a’amura’a remains widespread and has been stable over the past few decades. Our analyses also show that fa’a’amu children are no less close to or feel less supported by their fa’a’amu families than birth children. Despite this, children who grew up in fa’a’amu families had poorer education and employment outcomes. The results reveal that these differences are explained by the socio-economic characteristics of families practising fa’a’amu compared with those who do not