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How Long Will You Be a Widow? Determinants, Trends, and Income Gradient in Widowhood Duration
No full textThe author version has been published in the Open repository HAL, it is available at : https://hal.science/hal-0426997
Analyse d’un programme d’accompagnement à la mobilité pour l’insertion
No full textInitié en 2019 dans le cadre du Plan d’Investissement dans les Compétences, le programme Emile (« Engagés pour la Mobilité par l’Insertion et l’Emploi ») propose aux personnes mal-logées et en précarité professionnelle en Île-de-France de s'installer dans des territoires ruraux avec un accompagnement à la mobilité résidentielle et à l’insertion professionnelle. Ce rapport présente les résultats d’une évaluation sociologique du dispositif, reposant sur un dispositif mixte, basé sur une enquête menée durant quatre ans à partir d’entretiens biographiques et d’observations de terrain, ainsi que sur la constitution et l'exploitation d'une base de données exhaustive des personnes inscrites à partir du système d'information mis en place par les coordinateurs du programme. La recherche analyse les modalités de recrutement et parcours des publics, les parcours des bénéficiaires, afin d’appréhender les motifs d'engagement ou de défection dans le dispositif, ainsi que le devenir des personnes ayant effectué une mobilité vers de nouveaux territoires
Association between household air pollution due to solid fuel use and sleep problems among older adults in India
No full textHousehold air pollution (HAP) presents numerous health challenges. The association between HAP and sleep problems has not been extensively studied. This paper examined the effect of HAP due to solid fuel use on sleep problems among older adults in India. Data from the initial phase of the Longitudinal Aging Study in India, which included 51,060 individuals aged 50 years and older, was utilised. Sleep problems were defined as experiencing difficulty falling asleep, waking up during the night, or waking up too early at least five times per week and were classified as a binary variable. Exposure to HAP was defined as the use of solid fuel for household purposes. Multivariate logistic regression was employed to assess the association, and additionally, interaction analysis was conducted to explore the potential moderating effects of age, gender, and residence on this association. The prevalence of sleep problems among older adults was around 12.7%. Sleep problems were higher among older adults who used solid fuel for cooking (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.33) and other purposes (OR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.20) in the adjusted model. The place of cooking, ventilation, and type of stove played a significant role in the association between solid fuel use and sleep problems. Individuals over 65, females, and those residing in rural areas were particularly vulnerable to sleep problems due to HAP exposure. The findings highlight the importance of reducing HAP exposure by transitioning to clean fuels as a public health priority within initiatives aimed at promoting healthy aging
Vieillissement et retours des émigrés marocains : l’apparition d’un « contre-champ » migratoire?
No full textThrough the example of Moroccan emigrants and their aging, this chapter revisits the theory and application of a migratory field. This notion was developed to provide a theoretical framework for the relational space formed by migrant workers and thus corresponds to a specific period in migration studies in France. However, today, the aging of workers and their new residential aspirations at the time of retirement invite a reconsideration of this notion. Moroccan retired migrants are not necessarily in a position of definitive return, nor are they truly settling permanently in the host country, but rather engaging in intense migratory circulation enabled by their new retirement status. This chapter questions the evolution of the concept of the „migratory field“ in the face of aging and the new mobility practices of the Moroccan emigrant population in France. We therefore propose the concept of the "counter-migratory field.
Paris, il y a 100 ans : une population plus nombreuse qu’aujourd’hui et déjà originaire d’ailleurs
No full textParis a atteint pendant l’entre-deux-guerres son plus haut niveau de peuplement. Aujourd’hui, comme alors, la grande majorité des Parisiennes et Parisiens n’est pas née dans la capitale. L’arrivée massive de jeunes à des âges actifs, couplée à une faible fécondité et une moindre présence de personnes âgées, confère à la population parisienne de l’entre-deux-guerres une structure particulière. Et si, aujourd’hui comme alors, Paris compte plus de célibataires que le reste de la France, en revanche, on ne voit désormais plus de différence notable pour ce qui est des personnes divorcées ou vivant en couple non marié. Enfin, la répartition géographique actuelle de la population garde trace de la structure socio-économique des quartiers de l’époque
Mental health, literacy skills and gender: Examining their relationships in a longitudinal study from 5- to 9-year-old children
No full textBackground The reciprocal relationships between literacy skills and various subscales of mental health have been examined in few studies. The objective is to re-examine this question in a longitudinal study with the possibility of a gender effect.
Methods A 4-year longitudinal study was conducted as part of the French national cohort ELFE (N = 1064). The aim was twofold: 1/ To examine the links in both directions between literacy skills, assessed successively at 5, 7 and 9 years (LitSk5y; 7y; 9y), and mental health, assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 5 years by parents and 9 years by teachers. 2/To determine whether the gender effect on LitSk is still present when SDQ subscale scores show mental health difficulties. SDQ subscales consist of conduct problems, hyperactivity, emotional symptoms and peer relationships assessed at 5 years old, and conduct problems, hyperactivity and prosocial behaviour assessed at 9 years old.
Results Negative links were found in the following directions with SDQ subscales as predictors: conduct problems at 5 years old to LitSk5–7–9y and conduct problems at 9 years old to LitSk9y, and there was also a positive link, prosocial behaviour at 9 years old to LitSk9y. Conversely, negative links were again found with LitSk considered as a predictor of SDQ subscales: LitSk5y to conduct problems, hyperactivity and peer relationships at 5 years old, LitSk5–7–9y to conduct problems and hyperactivity at 9 years old; a positive link was found for LitSk5–7–9y to prosocial behaviour at 9 years old. The links for SDQ subscales to LitSk were stronger than those for LitSk to SDQ subscales.
Conclusions These results revealed three bidirectional relationships: conduct problems at 5 years old with LitSk5y, conduct problems at 9 years old with LitSk9y and prosocial behaviour at 9 years old with LitSk9y. Finally, the expected LitSk gender effect in favour of girls was reduced when these latter were affected by mental health problems