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Estimating the Sex Gap in Depression-Free Life Expectancy Among Widowed Americans Aged 50 and Older: An Application Using the Interpolated Markov Chain Approach
No full textObjectives: Using Interpolated Markov Chain software, we compare the length of life with and without depression among married individuals and widowers, and the related sex differences.
Methods: We applied a multi-state life table approach to estimate depression-free life expectancy among recent cohorts of older married and widowed women and men in the United States, using data from the Health and Retirement Study over a 7-year period (2012–2018).
Results: The study revealed that the difference in life expectancy between sexes widens in the context of widowhood. At age 50, the sex gap in depression-free life expectancy is 0.8 years among married people, whereas the gap almost doubles to 1.7 years among widowed people.
Discussion: By quantifying disparities in the duration of life affected by depression between married and widowed women and men, policymakers could properly allocate resources specifically to address the mental health needs of these groups
Attitudes toward child well-being in diverse families across Europe
No full textBackground: European families have diversified, with more children raised in single-parent, step-parent, and same-sex parent families. Whereas child outcomes in these families are well-studied, societal attitudes toward family diversity remain underexplored.
Objective: This study examines (1) perceptions of child well-being in nontraditional families compared to traditional ones, (2) their variation by family types in terms of structure and composition, and (3) sociodemographic and international differences in these attitudes across Europe.
Methods: We used the “Attitudes toward family diversity” module from the European Social Survey CRONOS-2 online panel study (2022) across 11 countries. We analysed responses on perceptions of child well-being in six family types relatively to traditional families: single mother, single father, stepmother, stepfather, gay male parents, and lesbian parents. Distributions were explored by country, gender, age, education, and income quintiles.
Results: Generally, nontraditional families were perceived as less favourable to children’s well-being than traditional ones. However, whereas over two-thirds view child well-being growing up in stepfamilies and same-sex families as comparable to child well-being in traditional families, positive attitudes vary widely, from 40% in Central and Eastern Europe to 85% in Nordic countries. Single-parent families received less approval. Women and younger individuals showed more favourable attitudes to nontraditional families. Lower socioeconomic respondents had less favourable attitudes toward same-sex families, but they are more open toward lone parenthood.
Conclusions: Attitudes toward nontraditional families’ ability to guarantee, as traditional families, children’s well-being vary across Europe. Stepfamilies and same-sex families receive higher approval than single-parent families. Two-adult forms are preferred to one-adult families. Sociodemographic factors shape these views.
Contribution: This study is one of the first to systematically compare attitudes on family diversity for children’s well-being across Europe, offering new insights into the relative importance of parental gender, the number of parents, biological relatedness, and gender composition of parents
Women's Intertwined Experiences of Gender-Based Violence and Migration: The Case of Migrant Women in France
No full textThis article investigates women's experiences of gender-based violence (GBV) and migration, using data from a quantitative survey of migrant women in France. Breaking down their life trajectories into three phases—before, during, and after migration, we show how these elements intertwine, and even mutually reinforce one another. First, women who experienced different forms of GBV in their country of origin were more likely to make a more complex migration journey. Second, long journey, requiring multiple means of transportation and crossing multiple countries, in particular Libya, considerably increase the risk. Third, migrant women in France face a high risk of GBV independently of the complexity of their migration journey. Women's experiences of violence and migration can thus be understood as entangled
Social inequalities in SARS-CoV-2 infection in high income countries: Highlighting the need for an intersectional perspective in quantitative research
No full textObjective: COVID-19 has highlighted significant social disparities in health across the world. The main purpose of this mini review is to synthesize important findings about social inequalities in infection risk and highlight the gaps in current research from an intersectional perspective.
Method: This mini literature review builds on peer-reviewed quantitative studies conducted in high-income countries, with a particular focus on France. It outlines key findings on inequalities across gender, socioeconomic status and ethnoracial background, summarizes methodological approaches, and locates research gaps.
Results: Evidence on gender inequalities in infection risk remain mixed. Most studies reported increased risks among marginalized groups, including racialized minorities and socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Multivariate regression models were commonly used to estimate infection risk while adjusting for individual and contextual factors in an “all other things equal” perspective. However, no study applied an intersectional framework, limiting comprehensive understanding of the intricate social dynamics of infection disparities. Some studies instead explored intersectional inequalities for outcomes like mortality and mental health during the COVID crisis. For example, a UK study found worse mental health among sexual minorities, females, and younger individuals, and revealed hidden inequalities in social groups combining privilege and disadvantage.
Conclusion: Studies performed on COVID-19 outcomes other than infection do emphasize the added value of incorporating an intersectional perspective into quantitative approaches. Through the use of this framework, future research may guide the development of more targeted and equitable public health interventions to prevent the spread of similar airborne viruses across populations
Child penality & the rise in within-couple income inequality
No full textUsing a rich administrative dataset representative of the French population, we study the causal impact of the first childbirth on the within-couple inequality in France. We find that women’s contribution to total household income 5 years after the birth of their first child is 16% lower than what it would have been absent children. Both partners experience an income loss after childbirth, driven by a decline in working hours. However, the drop is much larger for women: 23% for women and 4% for men five years after childbirth. The drop in woman’s contribution to total household income after childbirth is more pronounced for women with a higher contribution to couple’s income before childbirth. This is both because the child penalty is higher for these women compared to others, and because their partners experience the largest increase in income following childbirth compared to other partners. Moreover, heterogeneous responses across couples reshape the entire distribution of withincouple inequality, notably through a sharp decline in the share of egalitarian couples, while the share of female-breadwinner couples slightly decreases but remains closed to its already low level
Les violences sexuelles envers les hommes: commises par d’autres hommes, dans l’enfance
No full textL’enquête Virage montre que les violences sexuelles à l’encontre des hommes existent, bien qu’elles soient quatre fois moins fréquentes que chez les femmes. Contrairement aux femmes, les hommes sont moins exposés à l’âge adulte. Ces violences ont majoritairement lieu pendant l’enfance. Les auteurs des actes de violence sont principalement des hommes connus et proches des garçons et les violences sont principalement perpétrées dans l’entourage familial et les lieux de sociabilité. La majorité des hommes perçoivent ces violences comme graves et marquantes, quelle que soit leur caractérisation juridique
Sexual violence against men is committed by other males, mainly during childhood
No full textL’enquête Virage montre que les violences sexuelles à l’encontre des hommes existent, bien qu’elles soient quatre fois moins fréquentes que chez les femmes. Contrairement aux femmes, les hommes sont moins exposés à l’âge adulte. Ces violences ont majoritairement lieu pendant l’enfance. Les auteurs des actes de violence sont principalement des hommes connus et proches des garçons et les violences sont principalement perpétrées dans l’entourage familial et les lieux de sociabilité. La majorité des hommes perçoivent ces violences comme graves et marquantes, quelle que soit leur caractérisation juridique
Amitiés, couples, sexualités : penser le continuum des intimités relationnelles
No full textCe document de travail propose un outillage méthodologique pour penser l'intimité en sciences sociales à partir d'une perspective historique. Les intimités sont caractérisées par trois composantes majeures : leur dimension relationnelle, le fait qu’il s’agisse de liens de proximité, et enfin le fait que ces liens prennent corps dans des configurations matérielles situées socialement et historiquement.
Nous proposons de penser ensemble amitiés, couples et sexualités dans le continuum des intimités relationnelles pour mesurer ce que les porosités et les logiques transversales de ces liens
Syndromic and biological screening for sexually transmitted infections in female sex workers in Côte d’Ivoire: the ANRS 12381 PRINCESSE cohort study
No full textBackground: Female sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of contracting STIs, in particular in Sub-Saharan Africa. The implementation of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis provided an opportunity to draw attention to the sexual health needs of FSWs. Innovative strategies to screen for and reduce the burden of STIs is thus a priority. This study describes STI screening among FSWs enrolled in the PRINCESSE project in Côte d’Ivoire.
Methods: The PRINCESSE project (2019–2023) was an interventional cohort of FSWs ≥18 years, evaluating a comprehensive, community-based sexual and reproductive health care package, including the management of STIs, offered through mobile clinics operating on prostitution sites in San Pedro area. HIV testing and syndromic STI testing were offered at baseline and every 3 months. Biological testing of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) was offered annually. Clinical forms included sociodemographic, behavioral and sex-work-related characteristics. We describe baseline characteristics, coverage of clinical examination, and vaginal, anal swab collection. Social, behavioral and sex work-related factors associated with an STI syndromic diagnosis were explored. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with diagnosing a symptomatic STI.
Results: 489 FSWs were included in the PRINCESSE cohort. Median age was 29 years (24–35 years), 28.6% had had sex without a condom in the last 7 days. The prevalence of HIV at baseline was 10.5%. Only one case of HIV seroconversion was observed during the project. The most frequent symptom was ano-vaginal discharge (19.1%). The prevalence of STI based on clinical symptoms was 26.6%. The proportion of vaginal swab samples for which the PCR result was positive was 8.0% for CT and 4.0% for NG. Only age remained significantly associated with diagnosing a symptomatic STI in the multivariable analysis.
Conclusion: This study revealed a high prevalence of HIV and STIs, similar to national estimates among FSWs enrolled in a sexual health cohort. Screening for these generically asymptomatic bacterial STIs must be combined with the syndromic approach used in key populations, especially with the introduction of new PrEP programs, to reduce the exposure of individuals in these populations to STIs