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Young people with disabilities and their sexual health: a descriptive review of needs, recommendations and interventions
No full textBackground
Worldwide, almost 180 million young people aged between 10 and 24 live with disability. They are often perceived as asexual, lacking in sexual desires, or as sexually inadequate. The sexual health of young people with disabilities thus remains a blind spot in health promotion. The aim of this descriptive review was to describe and analyze articles exploring needs, recommendations and interventions for promoting the sexual health (SH) of young people with disabilities.
Methods
We searched the PubMed and PsycINFO databases for international scientific articles on SH needs, recommendations or health promotion interventions for young people with disabilities (aged 10–24), published after 2013. Data were extracted using a standardized grid and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Results
Twenty-one articles were included, encompassing 13 SH interventions, 6 SH need studies, and 2 recommendations studies. Most studies were carried out in the United States (12/21), focusing on intellectual disability (6/21), with 7/21 studies involving parents. Among the needs studies, 2/6 explored the specific needs of young people, while the remaining 4 asked about their difficulties. None of the interventions were designed, co-constructed, or facilitated by young people with disabilities.
Conclusion
Very few studies have been done to understand the needs and to develop relevant interventions for promoting the sexual health of young people with disabilities. Research with rigorous methodologies is still required to better understand needs and to intervene as relevantly as possible. To this end, participatory research would be a valuable methodology, as it involves target audiences in the various stages of research.
PROSPERO registration number PROSPERO 2023 CRD42023421365
Les dessous de la conception du plan d'échantillonnage de l'enquête ménages-déplacements du projet Modural à Bogotá (2022)
No full textIn opinion polls of large Latin American metropolises, daily mobility is the second most important concern after insecurity. A large majority of city dwellers experience real difficulties in getting around on a daily basis, and the situation is even more critical for the low-income classes relegated to outskirts. Against this backdrop, the ANR Modural project focused more specifically on commuting to and from work and school, which account for over 60% of daily journeys. The research work was carried out in eight areas illustrating the peripheral urban contexts of Bogotá (Colombia) and Lima (Peru), two capital cities that had each more than 9 million inhabitants in 2021. Two questionnaire surveys were carried out among a sample of 1,600 households (800 per city) between June and July 2022. This handbook discusses the objectives, stumbling blocks and methodological choices made to devising the sample design for the survey applied in Bogotá. In particular, it explains the advantages of adopting a stratified two-stage areal sampling design for a household survey. The different steps of the process are successively presented: (1) stratification of the survey areas based on factorial and cluster analysis, (2) associated statistical validation tests, (3) calculation of sample sizes, (4) random selection of primary units (blocks) and secondary units (households), and finally (5) calculation of weights and confidence intervals. The sampling method is based on data sources that are not specific to Bogotá. On the contrary, it relies in particular on censuses data and GIS layers (city blocks, administrative divisions, base maps and satellite images), which are now openly available in many countries in the region. In a perspective of reproducibility and open science, only free or open-source software is used, including the R software and more occasionally the QGIS and SavGIS software. The R scripts and the GIS functions used are detailed in the appendix of the handbook in order to facilitate their re-use. The same sampling method was used for the ANR Modural household survey in Lima
Healthcare provision and attitudes towards redistribution. A regional analysis across Europe
No full textThis study examines the relationship between the welfare state, individual social class, and views on redistribution. It is hypothesised that the manifestation of the welfare state at the regional level, proxied by the number of beds in hospitals, may attenuate the differences in attitudes towards redistribution between people from different social classes. To address this research question, data from Eurostat is employed in conjunction with data from the European Social Survey on public support and welfare services at the regional level (NUTS 2), comprising data from 16 European countries from 2008 to 2018. The findings of this study demonstrate that in regions where there is a higher availability of beds in hospitals, there is a greater degree in variation in attitudes towards redistribution across different social classes. Conversely, in areas with fewer beds in hospitals, social classes tend to exhibit a convergence towards a high level of support for redistribution. This highlights the central role of welfare state dynamics at the meso-level in influencing the relationship between socio-economic characteristics and attitudes towards redistribution
Studying multiple causes of death through verbal autopsies: Contribution of an index of similarity
No full textBackground: The analysis of multiple causes of death was developed in high-income countries to study complex morbid processes leading to death. In other countries, such studies are severely limited by the lack of death certificates. Some cause-of-death statistics are produced at the local level through verbal autopsies (VAs): the collecting of information on medical history and symptoms reported by the final caregiver. Algorithmic models have been developed to estimate probable causes of death in a standardized and cost-effective manner. We investigate their potential to identify multiple causes.
Objective: Bayesian models provide probabilities for all possible causes for each death. If multiple causes are probable, it could indicate multimorbidity or an uncertain diagnosis. In this paper, we aim to distinguish between these two possibilities.
Methods: The INDEPTH Network provides a dataset of 72,300 adult deaths from 22 Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) sites in Asia and Africa, disaggregated by age, sex, and probable causes of death as determined by the InterVA-4 model. Using the model’s probability matrix, we estimated the degree of similarity between causes and identified those with significant dissimilarities as probable multimorbidities. We test our approach using detailed VA data from the Ouagadougou HDSS (1,714 deaths).
Results: InterVA-4 assigns at least two probable causes to 11% of deaths, but only 2% are identified as having multiple causes.
Conclusions: This proportion is low, but our approach remains conservative, as we cannot identify multimorbidity for similar causes.
Contribution: This study advocates for better knowledge of multiple causes of death in low- and middle-income countries by providing a first approach to their identification through VAs
