L'archive ouverte de L'Ined
Not a member yet
9998 research outputs found
Sort by
Unravelling the occupational factor and hypertension puzzle among Indian older adults
No full textBackground: Poor health significantly impacts productive years of life. This study examines hypertension onset and survival probabilities for hypertension among adults aged 60 years and above, focusing on variations by working status and occupational profile.
Data and methods: The study utilized data from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (2017–2018), comprising a sample of 31,782 individuals aged 60 years and above (15,293 males and 16,489 females). The primary outcome variable was the onset of hypertension, which was self-reported but confirmed by a health professional. The year of diagnosis was recorded as the onset year of hypertension. To achieve the study objectives, descriptive statistical analyses and Cox proportional hazards models were applied.
Results: The study revealed that approximately 41.01% of males and 33.62% of females were expected to remain free from hypertension beyond the age of 80. The onset of hypertension showed a marked acceleration after the age of 40, with an inverse relationship between increasing age and hypertension-free survival. Additionally, working older adults were found to have a 21% lower likelihood of developing hypertension compared to those who had previously worked but were currently not working.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that continued economic activity in later life is associated with improved survival rates and a delayed onset of hypertension among older adults. These results underscore the importance of promoting active and healthy aging through policies
Why did Japan advance so rapidly? A comparative analysis of newly reconstructed series of deaths by cause
No full textTracking cause-of-death trends over an extended period is challenging due to the disruptions caused by revisions of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). In Japan, the transition between ICD-9 and ICD-10 is complicated by the revision of the death certificate which took place one year before the adoption of the ICD-10. However, providing consistent series of deaths by cause for this leading country in health and mortality is crucial to understanding the factors behind the progress made since the 1980s and to predicting potential future trends.To address this issue, we have reconstructed long-term time series statistics on cause of death at the most detailed 4-digit level of the ICD-10
Le vieillissement sous le regard de la fiction
No full textDe nombreuses utopies et dystopies traitent de démographie. Romans, essais et récits abordent la question du vieillissement et de sa prise en charge avec des perspectives parfois extrêmes. Lire les fictions au regard des réalités et des dynamiques
contemporaines permet d’apprécier autrement, avec un regard décalé, les préoccupations du moment
Les recherches sur la population dans les sociétés savantes provinciales au temps des Lumières : le cas lyonnais
No full textLes migrations internes. Des changements résidentiels marqués par le cycle de vie
No full textEn France, environ 11 % des habitants ont changé de logement au cours de la dernière année, 7 % ont changé de commune de résidence et 3 % ont déménage en dehors de leur ancien département de résidence. La répartition spatiale des « nouveaux résidents » (au niveau des EPCI en 2020) est fortement inégale et révèle d’importantes différences d’attractivité résidentielle entre les territoires. Leur part est bien plus élevée dans la grande couronne parisienne, le quart sud-ouest ou l’arrière-pays provençal. Ces mobilités résidentielles sont fortement structurées par l’âge. Entre 15 et 24 ans, les flux s’orientent vers le haut de la hiérarchie urbaine ; puis entre 25 et 34 ans, période de constitution familiale, ils se dirigent davantage vers les couronnes périurbaines. Enfin, au seuil de la retraite les mobilités s’orientent vers les petites et moyennes polarités, souvent mieux dotées en services de santé. Un zoom sur la région PACA illustre des dynamiques au cours du cycle de vie
Maternal exposure to pesticides and gestational diabetes mellitus in the Elfe cohort
No full textBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases risks of adverse perinatal outcomes and metabolic disorders in offspring. Some endocrine-disrupting chemicals are presumed to interfere with glucose metabolism. We aimed to assess the association between non-occupational exposures to pesticides and the risk of GDM.
Methods: The study was conducted on 11 512 women (791 with GDM) from the French nationwide Elfe cohort. Among 114 suspected pesticides identified using a toxicogenomic approach, 62 with detection frequency ≥10 % were analyzed across three sources of exposure: residential use (self-reported, n = 18), agricultural (geographic information system, n = 14) and dietary (estimated by a food-frequency questionnaire and monitoring data of pesticide residues in foods, n = 30). The association between exposure to pesticides (no or low vs. high) and the occurrence of GDM was tested with single and multi-source adjusted logistic regression models.
Results: In the multi-source model, dietary exposure to glyphosate (aOR = 0.6, 95 %CI: 0.5,0.9) or agricultural exposure (aOR = 0.8, 95 %CI:0.6,1.0) were associated with lower odds of GDM. The same effect was identified for two dietary pesticides: epoxiconazole (aOR = 0.6, 95 %CI: 0.5,0.8) and penconazole (aOR = 0.8, 95 %CI: 0.6,1.0). Dietary exposure to cypermethrin (aOR = 1.2, 95 %CI:1.0,1.5) and agricultural exposure to myclobutanil (aOR = 1.4, 95 %CI:1.1,1.9) were associated with higher odds of GDM. No significant association was identified for the residential use of pesticides.
Conclusion: This toxico-genomic-based study identifies five pesticides associated with GDM through agricultural or dietary exposure. These findings provide new insights into environmental contributors to GDM. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying toxicological mechanisms and confirm these associations
Is the quest for efficiency harmful to health equity? An examination of the health efficiency-equity nexus in OECD countries over the past two decades
No full textBackground
Has the quest for efficiency in OECD health systems impacted the social gradient of health? We examined the cross-dynamics of the health system equity-efficiency nexus among OECD countries in the past two decades.
Methods
We used a three-step methodology based on annual macro-level data from 36 OECD countries for the period 2004–2021. First, we estimated the efficiency of health systems using a stochastic frontier analysis. We then assessed the equity of health systems using simple measures of income-related inequality in self-assessed health. Lastly, we estimated the dynamic relationship between health system efficiency and equity using a panel Granger causality analysis. We also stratified the analysis by type of health system: viz. publicly- vs. privately-dominated health service provision.
Findings
We find evidence for a bidirectional causality between health system efficiency and equity. An increase in health system efficiency leads to an increase in socioeconomic inequalities in health; a result particularly salient in countries with predominantly private health service provision. Interestingly, decreases in socio-economic inequalities in health are likely to lead to higher health system efficiency, especially in countries where the health system relies predominantly on public provision.
Interpretation
The pursuit of efficiency gains in OECD health systems has not been a precondition for socioeconomic equity in health. Adverse effects of efficiency-seeking interventions on health equity are particularly apparent in the private provision of healthcare. However, addressing health inequalities provides a plausible route to enhance efficiency
Le Covid-19 est-il le pire fléau depuis 1900 ? Ce que révèlent les archives de la statistique régionale française
No full textLa pandémie de Covid-19 a profondément bouleversé nos sociétés. Toutefois, en France, la surmortalité associée à cette crise a été bien moins sévère que celle de certaines crises passées, comme la grippe espagnole en 1918-1919. Mais derrière les moyennes nationales, de fortes inégalités territoriales se dessinent. En comparant cinq grandes crises sanitaires depuis 1900, une étude de l’Institut national d’études démographiques met en lumière les spécificités du Covid-19, et ce qu’elles révèlent des réponses apportées par notre société