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Children’s Perceptions of Economic Hardship: Measurement, Mechanisms and Well-being
No full textThis paper adopts a child-centered perspective to study how children perceive their family’s economic situation. Using linked survey and administrative data for all children aged 8 to 12 living in Luxembourg, we compare children’s self-reported assessments of financial hardship with objective monetary indicators. While child-perceived and income-based financial situations are positively associated, there are substantial discrepancies. At a given level of monetary poverty, children living in single-parent households or in migrant families report higher levels of financial concern. Conditional on socio-demographic characteristics, monetary poverty and income insecurity explain little of the variation in perceived financial hardship. In contrast, the relative income position within schools and child-specific deprivation—particularly limitations in shared family activities—are strongly associated with higher level of financial worries.
An analysis of discordance reveals an asymmetry. Overestimation of hardship among non-poor children is more likely for non-natives, those growing up in a lone family or who are poorer than their schoolmates, whereas underestimation among poor children shows weaker and less systematic correlates. These perception gaps matter: children who report perceived financial hardship display lower life satisfaction and worse self-rated health even when they are not monetarily poor, whereas poor children who do not report perceived hardship show well-being levels closer to those of non-poor peers. Overall, the findings indicate that children’s perceptions of economic hardship extend beyond their material living conditions and also reflects their social and emotional environment
Fathers have embraced longer and more flexible paternity leave
No full textLa réforme du congé de paternité en 2021 a allongé sa durée et assoupli ses modalités. La part de pères prenant ce congé continue à augmenter, notamment chez ceux qui y avaient le moins recours comme les indépendants, les salariés en contrat à durée déterminée, les pères moins diplômés. La présence des pères au moment de la naissance se généralise et dure plus longtemps. Cependant, les contraintes professionnelles et financières restent un frein à la prise du congé. Même s’ils restent minoritaires, les pères qui prennent le congé « en solo », alors que la mère a repris le travail, sont de plus en plus nombreux
Le Liban, une démographie sous contrainte géopolitique
No full textEn plus de ses propres crises, le Liban a toujours absorbé celles de ses voisins. C’est notamment ce qui s’est passé en 2011 lorsque la guerre civile syrienne (2011-2024) a commencé et a conduit plusieurs millions de Syriens à fuir leur pays. C’est principalement en Turquie, en Jordanie et au Liban qu’ils se sont réfugiés. Le Liban en a ainsi rapidement accueilli plus d’un million. L’arrivée aussi soudaine que massive de cette population peut-elle changer la donne démographique dans ce pays
Le congé de paternité, prolongé et modulable, est largement adopté par les pères
No full textLa réforme du congé de paternité en 2021 a allongé sa durée et assoupli ses modalités. La part de pères prenant ce congé continue à augmenter, notamment chez ceux qui y avaient le moins recours comme les indépendants, les salariés en contrat à durée déterminée, les pères moins diplômés. La présence des pères au moment de la naissance se généralise et dure plus longtemps. Cependant, les contraintes professionnelles et financières restent un frein à la prise du congé. Même s’ils restent minoritaires, les pères qui prennent le congé « en solo », alors que la mère a repris le travail, sont de plus en plus nombreux
Derrière le sans-abrisme, la face cachée du mal-logement
No full textCe 22 janvier, une Nuit de la solidarité est organisée à Paris et dans d’autres villes françaises – une forme d’opération citoyenne de décompte des personnes dormant dans la rue. Celle-ci ne doit pas occulter ce que les travaux de recherche montrent depuis une quarantaine d’années : à la figure bien connue du sans-abri s’ajoutent d’autres formes moins visibles de précarité résidentielle et de mal-logement
Private vs. Public Schooling: The role of school composition
No full textPublicly funded private schooling is a common feature of many education systems, yet its implications for educational equity and effectiveness remain contested. While private schools often exhibit higher student achievement, the sources of this advantage are not well understood. In particular, differences in student composition—especially in terms of socioeconomic status (SES)—are likely to play a key role. This paper examines how school-level SES composition contributes to achievement differences between public and private schools. Using propensity score matching (PSM) on data from 22,441 French ninth-grade students, we find that private school students outperform their public school peers in mathematics and French, with especially large effects for low-SES students, an underrepresented group in private schools. While school composition explains only part of these effects, it accounts for a substantial share of the performance gap among high-SES students, rendering the adjusted effect statistically indistinguishable from zero. These findings highlight which students benefit most from private schooling and point to the need for further research into the mechanisms underlying performance differences across school sectors
Potential and challenges for sustainable progress in human longevity
No full textDecelerating gains in life expectancy ( e 0 ) in high-income countries have raised concerns about the future of human longevity. To enhance our understanding of these developments, we examine subnational ( N = 450) mortality trends in Western Europe in the period 1992-2019. Between 1992 and 2005, gains in life expectancy were both substantial and widespread. Laggard regions experienced the fastest improvements, yielding rapid regional convergence. Between 2005 and 2019, however, gains in these regions decelerated, while remaining remarkably stable in vanguard regions, suggesting that it remains possible to continue extending longevity. The observed slowing of e 0 gains is strongly associated with mortality at ages 55-74, which increased in this period across large areas of Western Europe, particularly in Germany and France. In this work, we show that monitoring mortality trends at a fine geographical level is crucial for revealing both the potential for, and challenges to, sustainable progress in human longevity
Where to (Next)? Family and Childhood Migration Experience and Migration Aspirations in Adulthood
No full textMigration is increasingly recognized as a dynamic, often recurrent, and intergenerational process. Yet, little research has examined how childhood exposure to international migration, through one's own moves and through family history, shapes aspirations for future (im)mobility. In this article, we address this gap using a life course perspective to investigate how both direct and indirect migration experiences during childhood influence openness to international migration in adulthood. We distinguish between immobility, return migration, and onward migration aspirations, and explore underlying mechanisms such as socioeconomic status, transnational ties, multilingualism, experiences of discrimination, and identification with the country of residence. Using data from the French survey Trajectoires et Origines 2, we find that individuals with a more recent immigrant descent tend to express higher return migration aspirations but lower onward migration aspirations. Direct migration experiences in childhood are associated with greater openness toward migration overall, though differently by descent: among those with a distant immigrant background, childhood migration fosters openness to onward migration, while it increases return aspirations among those with a more recent immigrant descent. These results offer new insight into how migration and immobility aspirations are shaped early life experiences and family migration histories
Residential Mobility and Housing Tenure Among Immigrants and Their Descendants: a Cross-National Analysis of Five European Countries
No full textUnderstanding the housing and residential mobility of migrant populations is crucial to facilitate their integration into host societies. Yet, little is known about their experiences across generations, origin groups, and country contexts. This study investigates residential mobility and housing changes among immigrants and their descendants in five European countries (United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, and Sweden) with different housing markets and migrant populations. Using longitudinal data from 2010 to 2019, we first compare the risk of a residential move across migrant generations, origins groups, and host countries. We then study the propensity to move to different housing tenure types (i.e., homeownership, private renting, and social renting). We find distinct patterns of residential moves among migrant generations and origin groups. First, immigrants’ residential mobility levels vary across origin groups and country contexts. However, we generally find lower mobility for the second generation compared to the first in all groups. Second, in all countries, immigrants, especially from non-European countries, are less likely to move to homeownership and more likely to move to social or private renting than the native populations. Some of the differences decline across migrant generations, however, we still find lower levels of mobility to homeownership and a higher propensity of moving to social renting among some descendant groups. This study sheds light on persistent differences in residential mobility and housing patterns among immigrants and their descendants in Europe and contributes to a better understanding of the role of the country context in assimilation of housing behaviour and perpetuating housing inequalities
