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Le rôle de Présence Africaine dans le rayonnement intellectuel d'Aimé Césaire
No full textInternational audienceThe studies carried out on the work of Aimé Césaire have often been based on a more or less in-depth examination of his poems and other articles or speeches through which we believe we can today understand his thought, and which have famous that Martinican intellectual. However, this approach only appears partial in the knowledge of this poet. Indeed, it does not pay much attention to the multiple influences which contributed to making Césaire one of the most significant intellectuals of France and the African diaspora in the 20th century. It is to this extent that an examination of the role of Présence Africaine in the intellectual development of Aimé Césaire appears relevant and timely. Présence Africaine, in all dimensions of its commitment, provided Césaire with a platform that allowed him to give significant scope to his thoughts. Understanding the intellectual life of Aimé Césaire also means resorting to the dynamics and networks that marked his time and in which Présence Africaine occupies a special place.Les études menées sur l’œuvre d’Aimé Césaire ont bien souvent reposé sur un examen plus ou moins approfondi de ses poèmes et autres articles ou discours par lesquels l’on croit pouvoir aujourd’hui cerner sa pensée, et qui font la notoriété de cet intellectuel martiniquais. Toutefois, cette approche n’apparaît que partielle dans la connaissance de ce poète. En effet, elle n’accorde pas beaucoup d’intérêt aux multiples influences qui ont contribué à faire de Césaire un des intellectuels les plus marquants de la France et de la diaspora africaine au XXe siècle. C’est dans cette mesure qu'un examen du rôle de Présence Africaine au développement intellectuel d’Aimé Césaire apparaît pertinent et opportun. Présence Africaine, dans toutes les dimensions de son engagement, a offert à Césaire une tribune lui ayant permis de donner une portée significative à sa pensée. Comprendre la vie intellectuelle d’Aimé Césaire, c’est donc aussi recourir aux dynamiques et réseaux qui ont marqué son temps et dans lesquels Présence Africaine occupe une place de choix place
The coordination of sulfur in synthetic and biogenic Mg calcites: The red coral case
No full textInternational audienceSulfur has been recognized in biogenic calcites for a long time. However, its structural position is matter of debate. For some authors, sulfur is a marker of the organic matrix while it is part of the calcite structure itself for others. To better understand the place of sulfur in calcite, sulfated magnesian calcites (S-MgCalcite) have been synthetized at high pressure and temperature and studied by μ-XANES spectroscopy. S-MgCalcite XANES spectra show two different types of sulfur: sulfate (SO42−) as a predominant species and a small contribution of sulfite (SO32−), both substituting for carbonate ions in the calcite structure. To address the question of the position of sulfur in biogenic calcites, the oxidation states of sulfur in the skeleton and organic tissues of Corallium rubrum have been investigated by micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) and sulfur K-edge micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF, Grenoble, France) on beamline ID21. In the skeleton, sulfur is mainly present as oxidized sulfur SO42− (+VI), plus a weak sulfite contribution. XANES spectra indicate that sulfur is inorganically incorporated as sulfur structurally substituted to carbonate ions (SSS). Although an organic matrix is present in the red coral skeleton, reduced organic sulfur could not be detected by μ-XANES spectroscopy in the skeleton probably due to low organic/inorganic sulfur ratio. In the organic tissues surrounding the skeleton, several sulfur oxidation states have been detected including disulfide (S–S), thioether (R–S–CH3), sulfoxide (SO2), sulfonate (SO2O−) and sulfate (SO42−). The unexpected occurrence of inorganic sulfate within the organic tissues suggests the presence of pre-organized organic/inorganic complexes in the circulatory system of the red coral, precursors to biomineralization ahead of the growth front
An Innovative Approach to Jointly Scheduling and Assigning a Consultation Time to Patients Arriving in the Emergency Department
No full textInternational audienceEmergency departments (ED) are facing problems related to the growing demand of care. Patients' management is carried out according to the type of patient and care required: already scheduled patients and non-scheduled urgent and non-urgent patients arriving in the ED. One of the main problems confronted in hospitals is the permanent interference between these different types of patients to be treated under the stochastic behaviors of consultation time and arrival flows, which prevents any prior planning. The present work proposes a dynamic scheduling method, considering the impact of new patients' arrivals on the treatment of patients already scheduled to minimize the mean waiting time of patients in the ED. The originality of this work is to assign, at the time of arrival, a scheduled time to each patient in order to reduce their stress. The performance of the proposed method is examined through a concrete application in the Pediatric Emergency Department of CHRU of Lille
Visually Supporting Image Annotation based on Visual Features and Ontologies
No full textInternational audienceAutomatic Image Annotation (AIA) is a challenging problem in the field of image retrieval, and several methods have been proposed. However, visually supporting this important tasks and reducing the semantic gap between low-level image features and high-level semantic concepts still remains a key issue. In this paper, we propose a visually supporting image annotation framework based on visual features and ontologies. Our framework relies on three main components: (i) extraction and classification of features component, (ii) ontology's building component and (iii) image annotation component. Our goal consists on improving the visual image annotation by:(1) extracting invariant and complex visual features; (2) integrating feature classification results and semantic concepts to build ontology and (3) combining both visual and semantic similarities during the image annotation process
Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test – accuracy for the differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's and neurodegenerative diseases: A large-scale biomarker-characterized monocenter cohort study (ClinAD)
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: The International Working Group recommended the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCSRT) as a sensitive detector of the amnesic syndrome of the hippocampal type in typical Alzheimer's disease (AD). But does it differentiate AD from other neurodegenerative diseases? Methods: We assessed the FCSRT and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarkers in 992 cases. Experts , blinded to biomarker data, attributed in 650 cases a diagnosis of typical AD, frontotemporal dementia, posterior cortical atrophy, Lewy body disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal syndrome, primary progressive aphasias, " subjective cognitive decline, " or depression. Results: The FCSRT distinguished typical AD from all other conditions with a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 75%. Non-AD neurodegenerative diseases with positive AD CSF biomarkers (" atypical AD ") did not have lower FCSRT scores than those with negative biomarkers. Discussion: The FCSRT is a reliable tool for diagnosing typical AD among various neurodegener-ative diseases. At an individual level, however, its specificity is not absolute. Our findings also widen the spectrum of atypical AD to multiple neurodegenerative conditions
Predicting software revision outcomes on GitHub using structural holes theory
No full textMany software repositories are hosted publicly online via social platforms. Online users contribute to the software projects not only by providing feedback and suggestions, but also by submitting revisions to improve the software quality. This study takes a close look at revisions and examines the impact of social media networks on the revision outcome. A novel approach with a mix of different research methods (e.g., ego‐centric social network analysis, structural holes theory and survival analysis) is used to build a comprehensible model to predict the revision outcome. The predictive performance is validated using real life datasets obtained from GitHub, the social coding website, which contains 32,962 pull requests to submit revisions, 20,399 distinctive software project repositories, and a social network of 234,322 users. Good predictive performance has been achieved with an average AUC of 0.84. The results suggest that a repository host's position in the ego network plays an important role in determining the duration before a revision is accepted. Specifically, hosts that are positioned in between densely connected social groups are likely to respond more quickly to accept the revisions. The study demonstrates that online social networks are vital to software development and advances the understanding of collaboration in software development research. The proposed method can be applied to support decision making in software development to forecast revision duration. The result also has several implications for managing project collaboration using social media
Basic Concentration Properties of Real-Valued Distributions
No full textDoctoralIn this note we introduce and discuss a few concentration tools for the study of concentration inequalities on the real line. After recalling versions of the Chernoff method, we move to concentration inequalities for predictable processes. We especially focus on bounds that enable to handle the sum of real-valued random variables, where the number of summands is itself a random stopping time, and target fully explicit and empirical bounds. We then discuss some important other tools, such as the Laplace method and the transportation lemma
Actuator Fault and Disturbance Estimation using the T-S fuzzy model
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an actuator fault and disturbance estimation strategy using Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model. In this approach, using a coordinate transformation, the TS fuzzy system is decomposed into three different modules: state subsystem without fault and disturbance, disturbance subsystem without fault, fault subsystem without disturbance. After the transformation, the fault and disturbance can be decoupled and calculated from the input and output signals and estimation state. The convergence of TS fuzzy observer is analyzed and proved. In order to verify the performance of the proposed approach, a wind turbine system with actuator fault and disturbance have been tested, the simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the proposed strategy
Research and Development in the Field of Research Data and Dissertations
No full textInternational audienceThe paper presents the research project D4Humanities conducted by the GERIICO laboratory at the University of Lille in the field of research data management (RDM). In particular, it describes the development of a local workflow for the submission of research data related to PhD dissertations and the connection to the national RDM infrastructure Huma-Num (deposit, preservation and dissemination of research data via the NAKALA service), along with the RDM training program for PhD students provided by the Graduate School in Social Sciences and Humanities at the University of Lille