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MODIS Collection 6.1 Sinusoidal Tiles 8-daily LAI and FAPAR
No full textAbstract: Original LAI and FAPAR data (see https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod15a2hv061/) are read together with their bit-encoded quality information from the HDF-files. The quality information is decoded and provided in form of separate flag layers in addition to the LAI and FAPAR data for each tile of the MODIS sinusoidal grid in netCDF file format (see https://www.cen.uni-hamburg.de/en/icdc/data/land/modis-lai-fpar.html). For each tile, latitude and longitude information of the center of each 500 m x 500 m pixel is provided in a separate netCDF file.
TableOfContents: FAPAR; LAI; FAPAR retrieval standard deviation; LAI retrieval standard deviation; Detailed quality flag; Quality flag for land; Quality flag for cloud and aerosol; Quality flag for method
Technical Info: dimension: 2400 columns x 2400 rows x unlimited; temporalExtent_startDate: 2000-02-18; temporalExtent_endDate: 2024-12-31; temporalResolution: 8-daily; spatialResolution: 500; spatialResolutionUnit: meter; horizontalResolutionXdirection: 500; horizontalResolutionXdirectionUnit: meter; horizontalResolutionYdirection: 500; horizontalResolutionYdirectionUnit: meter; verticalResolution: none; verticalResolutionUnit: none; verticalStart: none; verticalEnd: none; instrumentName: MODerate Resolution Spectroradiometer (MODIS); instrumentType: visible_to_infrared_spectroradiometer; instrumentLocation: Earth Observation Satellite (EOS) Terra; instrumentProvider: NOAA/NASA
Methods: [1] MODIS collection 6.1 (C61) LAI/FPAR Product User Guide, https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/926/MOD15_User_Guide_V61.pdf ; [2] Myneni, R. B., et al., Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD), v4.0, http://modis.gsfc.nasa.gov/data/atbd/atbd_mod15.pdf; [3] Yang, et al., From validation to algorithm improvement. Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., 44, 1885-1898, 2006; [4] Morisette, et al., Validation of global moderate resolution LAI products: A framework proposed within the CEOS Land Product Validation subgroup, Trans. Geosci. Rem. Sens., 44, 1804-1817, 2006; [5] Garrigues, et al., Validation and intercomparison of global Leaf Area Index products derived from remote sensing data, J. Geophys. Res., 113, G02028, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JG000635, 2008; [6] https://www.cen.uni-hamburg.de/en/icdc/data/land/modis-lai-fpar.html
Units: Units for all variables (see TableOfContents): percent, m2/m2, percent, m2/m2, 1, 1, 1, 1
geoLocations: westBoundLongitude:depends on tile; eastBoundLongitude: depends on tile; southBoundLatitude: depends on tile; northBoundLatitude: depends on tile; geoLocationPlace: global on land, see: https://modis-land.gsfc.nasa.gov/MODLAND_grid.html
Size: (files are packed into one zip-file per year)
2000: 270 x 40 files, 92.169 Mbyte / file
2001: 270 x 44 files (20010618 and 20010626 are missing)
2002: 270 x 35 files (20020101 until 20020322 are missing)
2003-2024: 270 x 46 files / year
Latitude/Longitude: 291 files, 46.08 Mbyte / file
Format: netCDF
DataSources:
Original data on sinusoidal grid tiles in hdf-format: https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD15A2H.061 [last access: 2025-01-13], see also: https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/mod15a2hv061/ [last access: 2025-01-13]
Contact: stefan.kern (at) uni-hamburg.de
Web page: https://www.cen.uni-hamburg.de/en/icdc/data/land/modis-lai-fpar.html [last access: 2025-01-13
Poster: Raman spectroscopy as a tool for analysing carbon inks from ancient palm-leaf manuscripts
No full textThis poster was presented at : International Conference on the Application of Raman Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology (RAA) 2023
Abstract
The Palm-leaf Manuscript Profiling Initiative (PLMPI) project at the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures (CSMC) aims at carrying out an innovative and comprehensive study of palm-leaf manuscripts by employing various non-destructive and non-invasive analytic methods that have not yet been fully or at all tested on such artifacts. The study of inks is of paramount importance to investigative matters of provenance, which remains one of the main research topics for the history of the book in South Asia. In Europe since the Middle Ages, the most common inks are iron gall inks, which are produced by the reaction between iron sulphate from natural vitriol and gall nuts extract, mixed with a binder. Such inks have been extensively studied in the last twenty years, using the non-destructive and non-invasive method developed by Hahn et al. This method involves micro X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis to measure the relative weight contributions of metallic sulphates characteristic of vitriol sources [1]. However, in the case of South Indian manuscripts on palm leaf, carbon inks are used, composed of carbonaceous material (soot or charcoal) mixed with water and a binder.
Since the detection of light element-containing compounds, for instance H- and C-bearing, is not viable by XRF, alternative non-invasive, non-destructive and preparation-free methods, such as Raman spectroscopy that can identify hydrous and carbonaceous species, are gaining popularity among the scientific community. Moreover, Raman spectroscopy can identify both crystalline and amorphous phases and has the great ability, compared to other non-destructive analytical methods to distinguish different phases in a polyphasic material. Meanwhile, Raman spectroscopy enables the determination of the exact elemental distribution within each structure type, as vibrational phonon modes are sensitive to both structure and chemistry. As a result, the obtained information can be further matched with other codicological features (e.g. types of palm leaves, hand style of specific scribes, available paleogeographical information, etc.) and thereby promote provenance studies.
So far carbon-bearing materials, particularly graphitic materials and carbonaceous nanomaterials have been thoroughly studied with Raman spectroscopy [2-3]. Therefore, it naturally appeared as a good candidate for the investigation of carbon inks. In this work, we compare the spectra obtained on mock-up samples of ink, made after antique recipes using different sources of carbon [4]. We also analyse inks from several palm-leaf manuscripts from Southern India. The investigation was conducted with two bench-top instruments (Renishaw in-via with a 532 nm laser and Horiba Jobin Yvon T64000 triple-monochromator system with a 514.5 nm green line) to check the reproducibility of the method and identify suitable conditions for distinguishing the different sources of inks depending on the spectrometer. All the spectra were fitted with pseudo-Voigt peak shape functions, to define the Raman spectral features (peak position; ω, full widths at half maximum; FWHMs, and integrated intensities) of the observed D (diamond-like) and G (graphite-like) peaks. These spectral parameters were then used: (a) to differentiate between the mock samples depending on their choice of precursors, (b) for the discrimination of various C-based inks, and (c) for the determination of the particle size of soot/carbonaceous material used for the production of C-based inks. The results clearly indicate that it is possible to distinguish between charcoal and soot-based carbon inks (Fig. 1). Additionally, it was possible to analyse the black inks present in palm leaf manuscripts under similar experimental conditions, and the results of this investigation indicate the use of soot-based carbon ink in palm leaf manuscripts with a graphite cluster diameter of 8-12 nm
A dataset for dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) of sauropod dinosaur teeth
No full textThis digital folder contains the dataset (1011 scans in total, plus an excel file with measured parameters that are frequently applied on dental wear surfaces for diet inference) of the publication “Acquisition of a dataset for dental microwear texture analysis (DMTA) of sauropod teeth: pre-analytical and post-processing steps for quality assessment” by André Saleiro, Emanuel Tschopp, Alexander Daasch, Thomas M. Kaiser, Ria Wiesinger, and Daniela E. Winkler.
The full paper is available as a preprint on PaleorXiv under the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/4XRWE
It is currently under peer-review for recommendation at PCI Paleo.
Data was collected between November 2021 and October 2023, at institutions in Portugal, Germany, and the USA
L'utilisation des langues dans l'enseignement secondaire et supérieur : Croyances et pratiques des enseignants
No full textCe rapport, qui s’inscrit dans le projet PEP (Promouvoir l'éducation plurilingue), présente les résultats d'une étude exploratoire menée sur un échantillon non statistique et sur une base volontaire. Il prend appui sur une enquête autour des croyances et des pratiques des professeurs de langues de l'enseignement secondaire et du supérieur en matière de plurilinguisme. Menée à travers l'Europe, l'étude visait à :
1. Examiner les perceptions et les pratiques déclarées des enseignants en matière d'éducation plurilingue ;
2. Identifier les défis et les stratégies d'intégration des approches plurilingues dans l'enseignement et l'évaluation ;
3. Fournir des recommandations en matière de formation et de ressources pour soutenir l'éducation plurilingue
Old Testament Quotations in the New Testament (by New Testament Books)
No full textOld Testament Quotations in the New Testament (by New Testament Book
Antisemitismus unter Jugendlichen und Heranwachsenden in Deutschland: Aktuelle Befunde zu Entwicklungen zwischen 2022 und 2024. Vortrag gehalten auf der MOTRA-K 2025, Wiesbaden, 7. März 2025.
No full textEs werden Ergebnisse von zwei bundesweiten Online-Umfragen bei repräsentativen Stichproben von in Deutschland lebenden Jugendlichen im Alter von 16 bis 21 Jahren zur Verbreitung antisemitischer Einstellungen vorgestellt. Diese Befunde der Studie „Jungen Menschen in Deutschland“ (JuMiD) zeigen eine signifikante Zunahme traditioneller antisemitischer Vorurteile im Jahr 2024 im Vergleich zur ersten Befragung im Jahr 2022.
Innerhalb der Population junger Menschen gibt es allerdings erhebliche Unterschiede des Ausmaßes und der Entwicklungen antisemitischer Einstellungen zwischen verschiedenen Subgruppen. Diese Differenzen sind für die Bestimmung von Zielgruppen der Prävention von Antisemitismus hoch relevant. Junge Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund sind signifikant häufiger sowohl klassisch antisemitisch als auch israelfeindlich eingestellt. Die Raten für diese beiden Formen des Antisemitismus sind innerhalb der Gruppe der Migraint:innen speziell bei jungen Muslimen besonders hoch. Der signifikante Anstieg des Antisemitismus zwischen 2022 und 2024 ist jedoch nicht auf die Gruppe der jungen Muslime beschränkt, sondern findet sich in allen Teilgruppen junger Menschen in Deutschland.
Die Ergebnisse multivariater Regressionsanalysen zeigen weiter, dass die hohe Prävalenz traditioneller antisemitischer Ressentiments unter jungen Muslimen weder im Jahr 2022 noch im Jahr 2024 durch ihre verstärkten Diskriminierungserfahrungen oder ihre verstärkte Wahrnehmung kollektiver Marginalisierung in der deutschen Gesellschaft erklärt werden kann. Wichtige Prädiktoren sind neben einem niedrigen Bildungsniveau der Grad der Neigung zum Verschwörungsglauben und eine rigide, fundamentalistische Auffassung von Religion.
Im Jahr 2024 finden sich ferner recht hohe Raten von anti-israelischen Einstellungen. Diese betreffen sowohl Kritik der Politik Israels als auch Formen eines Israelbezogenen Antisemitismus. Die Prävalenzraten fallen hier erheblich höher aus als die Raten des traditionellen/klassischen Antisemitismus. Auch solche antiisraelischen Einstellungen sind bei jungen Migrant:innen, vor allem bei Jungen Muslim:innen deutlich stärker verbreitet als bei jungen Menschen ohne Migrationshintergrund
Unterstützungsmechanismen für geflüchtete Studierende in der Hochschulbildung. Deutschland.
No full textIn diesem Dokument stellen wir die Unterstützungsmechanismen für geflüchtete Studierende an Hochschuleinrichtungen in Deutschland vor, entsprechend den Antworten, die im Rahmen einer Online-Umfrage bei diesen Einrichtungen gesammelt wurden. In der Analyse werden auch die häufigsten Schwierigkeiten genannt, die die Einrichtungen bei ihrer Arbeit mit dieser speziellen Zielgruppe erfahren haben, sowie ihre Vorschläge für eine nachhaltigere und kontinuierliche Arbeit
Which Consumers Change Their Food Choices in Response to Carbon Footprint Labels? The Role of Political Ideology and Other Socio-Demographic Factors
No full textThe uploaded zip file contains all data, code, materials, pre-registrations and the publication (manuscript + appendix) for the paper "Which Consumers Change Their Food Choices in Response to Carbon Footprint Labels? The Role of Political Ideology and Other Socio-Demographic Factors", published in Nutrients on April 10, 2025
Data to the publication: Moving skyrmions in antiferromagnets by sublattice displacements
No full textIn the publication (link below) "Moving skyrmions in antiferromagnets by sublattice displacements" we showed plots of the simulation of antiferromagnetic skyrmions in motion. The data on which these plots are based on is given here. The data consist of bin files where each file hosts a two-dimensional array filled with three-dimensional vectors which present the state of the system (lattice) to a given time - starting with the initial state at the starting time point and continue with increasing time. To each data set the parameters are given in an additional txt file which is readable for humans.
In addition, a python script which can read the bin files is given.
link to publication: https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevB.111.14441
Research Through Design in Higher Education
No full textAnyone who practises design-based research (DBR) in higher education needs guidance. This book provides it: with Research Through Design, the authors present a theoretically sound form of DBR that is adapted to higher education. Heuristics and instruments support the various dimensions of research activity and help readers to make informed decisions and leverage their own strengths. Concise recommendations, e.g. on quality standards or communicating results, and an extensive bibliography round off the handbook, making it a good companion for early-career researchers, university teachers and academic developers