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How Much Does Ad Sequence Matter? Economic Implications of Consumer Zapping and the Zapping-Induced Externality in the Television Advertising Market
No full textInternational audienceIt is well documented that TV viewers avoid advertisements by switching channels during commercial breaks. Ads with lower audience retention ability lead to more consumer zapping. Given that several ads are sequentially broadcast during a commercial break, an ad with a low retention rate will negatively affect the viewership of subsequent ads by decreasing their opportunities to be exposed to viewers. In this case, the ad imposes a negative externality on subsequent ads in the same commercial break. This externality is typically not priced in the TV advertising market; however, it may affect the TV network's profit substantially. Based on a large and rich data set on TV viewing and advertising, we build a comprehensive model of consumer zapping and conduct various simulation studies to quantify the impact of the zappinginduced externality on the network's revenue. Results show that our focal network may increase gross revenue up to 19.38% by reordering ads during a commercial break so that the negative impact of this externality is minimized
Environmental matters in sport: sustainable research in the academy
No full textInternational audienceResearch Question: Climate change continues to be a critical issue that impacts the ways we produce and consume sport. The extent to which sport responds to climate change (e.g. minimizing carbon emissions, adapting to climate impacts) will become more dire. Thus, it is crucial for sport to respond now to address current and emerging sustainability challenges. The popularity of sport can create opportunities to promote and influence individual behaviour change and drive organizational efforts to be environmentally sustainable. Research Methods: The sport management academy is currently limited in its efforts to highlight, examine, and educate industry and students on the issues raised due to changes in the natural environment and the impact on the sport sector. The five articles included in this special issue aim to begin to bridge this gap. Results and Findings: Sport is not inherently sustainable or unsustainable. We introduce this special issue to provide an overview of the current and future environmental challenges in sport management. Implications: We encourage sport researchers to critically assess existing practices and enhance the management knowledge that not only influences the world of sport and sport managers, but also policymakers and sport fans on mitigating the impacts of climate change. We hope the following articles spark ideas, discussions, and further research projects
The interplay of contracts and trust: untangling between- and within-dyad effects
No full textInternational audiencePurpose – Contracts and trust are two prominent governance mechanisms in buyer-supplier exchanges, yet controversy persists regarding the interplay between contracts and trust. This study provides a new perspective to understand the debate by differentiating between- from within-dyad effects of contracts–trust relationships.Design/methodology/approach – Based on survey data of 250 Chinese buyer–supplier relationships collected over two time periods, we employed two-level hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) with repeated measures to test the influence of contracts (trust) on trust (contracts) over time.Findings – We find that for major buyer–supplier exchanges, contracts and trust tend to complement each other when comparing across dyads, but they likely substitute for each other in within-dyad settings.Research limitations/implication – First, to illustrate the dynamic interactions between contracts and trust, we collected data at two time periods and assumed continuous linear relationships of time with both contracts and trust. Further research should collect multiple waves of data to explore the complex, varying changes that arise over time. Second, our findings are based on buyer–supplier relationships in China, whose unique cultural features may limit the generalizability of the results to other settings.Practical implications – Channel managers can structure exchanges by devising detailed contracts that align incentives and demonstrate commitment, which helps build trust in a relationship. Channel managers should also pay special attention to the contingency effects of their transactional and relational features.Originality – This study offers the first explicit test of the dynamic contracts–trust relationship, thereby establishing a more refined understanding of interplay between contracts and trust
Assessing perceptions of open banking: The case of digital natives in France
No full textInternational audienceOpen banking relies on open bank information systems and sharing customer data with third parties. This study aims to determine how digital natives perceive open banking (OB), what fears they may have, whether there is any difference between those who already use financial technology (Fintech), such as an account aggregator, and those who do not, and how banks can encourage consumers during the transition toward OB to improve consumer trust. To study perceptions of open banking, a primary survey using structured questionnaires was conducted among 556 digital native women. A post-qualitative study involving the director of OB services at Crédit Mutuel Arkéa (France) investigated managerial implications. The results show that OB impacts the level of trust customers have in their banks, whether they use an aggregator or not. Most consumers are against their data being accessible to companies unrelated to their banks, which clearly demonstrates their stance against data sharing. The analyses of these results lead us to offer several recommendations, especially in terms of helping banks begin to leverage open systems so that consumers can have confidence in innovations like OB
Examining the role of consumer motivations to use voice assistants for fashion shopping: The mediating role of awe experience and eWOM
No full textInternational audienceArtificial intelligence-enabled voice assistant services have received notable scholarly attention. Fashion retailers offer AI-based voice assistants to facilitate online shoppers. However, the consumer motivations to use digital voice assistants and their effect on the purchase intentions of online fashion shoppers are unexplored. To bridge this literature gap, this study presents a unique theoretical model grounded in the consumer innovativeness concept, broaden-and-built theory, and stimulus-organism-response model to explore the effect of motivated consumer innovativeness to use digital voice assistants on purchase intention and awe experience of online shoppers. The study used data collected from 538 users of digital voice assistants for online shopping of fashion products. Structural equation modeling analysis revealed that the functional, hedonic, social, and cognitive motivated consumer innovativeness for using voice assistants affects purchase intention and awe experience. Further, the awe experience mediates the relationship between motivated consumer innovativeness and purchase intention; and electronic word-of-mouth mediates the relationship between awe experience and purchase intention. The study theoretically contributes to the extant literature on consumer innovativeness, AI-based voice assistants, and fashion shopping. The findings offer insights to fashion retailers for improved use of voice assistants by online shoppers
Establishing successful university–industry collaborations: barriers and enablers deconstructed
No full textInternational audienceUniversity–Industry Collaboration networks are increasingly significant to national economies. Previous studies have identified barriers and enablers of University–Industry Collaborations, however our understanding of the evolution of such collaborations is still limited thereby restricting our ability to nurture their development. This study explores the establishment of a successful University–Industry Collaboration and considers a range of perceived barriers and enablers through four emergent evolutionary phases: embryonic, initiation, engagement and established. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using a single site case study, focusing on the pharmaceutical industry, with 10 multinational firms and 8 academic institutions involved in a pharmaceutical collaboration. The results demonstrate that specific University–Industry Collaboration barriers and enablers emerge at different points in time, for example, strong lack of trust; strong fear of knowledge leakage, reluctance to share in the embryonic phase evolve to achieving integrity based trust and an intellectual property agreement in the engagement phase. These barriers were overcome using a range of phase appropriate mechanisms, for example, prior experience of the partners was critical in the embryonic phase, while cohesiveness and knowledge complementarity were vital in the engagement phase. The study emphasizes the significance of public funding and its distribution among members in order to support industry evolution and competitiveness. The University–Industry Collaboration continues to attract new participants and additional network-specific investments and has become a global centre of excellence for pharmaceutical research and development
The effect of utilitarian and hedonic motivations on mobile shopping outcomes. A cross-cultural analysis
No full textInternational audienceMobile devices are ubiquitous in the lives of modern consumers, who use them for information-seeking and purchasing activities, fostering the emergence of m-commerce. This trend has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which has boosted m-commerce growth in both developed and developing countries. Hence, there is a need for cross-cultural research concerning the factors affecting behavioural intentions. Drawing upon the hedonic information systems model, we measure the impact of utilitarian factors on satisfaction, repurchase intention, and eWOM through the mediation of enjoyment across two countries characterized by different stages of m-commerce readiness and culture: China and Italy. Findings suggest that the impact of utilitarian factors on satisfaction is stronger among Italian users than Chinese users. On the contrary, for Chinese users, who use their mobile phones as a primary device to shop online, the mediation effect of enjoyment on satisfaction and eWOM is stronger. With this study, we contribute to cross-cultural research in m-commerce and provide guidelines to mobile retailers operating in diverse international markets
The Transformational Role of Technology in Sports Events
No full textInternational audienceThe rapid uptake of various technological products and services transforms many fields of human life, including the sports industry. In the current chapter we discuss the process of technological transformation in sports for different stakeholders, and the role of particular innovations in this ongoing phenomenon. It extends the literature on the intersection of sport management and technology, followed by vivid cutting-edge examples from the field. In greater detail, we explain how and why new technology innovations are disseminated and used, affecting sports training, performance, judging, and spectating. Consequently, it reshapes tools, and strategies for event and sport management, bringing, on one hand, uncertainty and ambiguity, but, on the other hand, new marketing and management opportunities for all stakeholders. However, to use these opportunities and to turn them into an advantage, sport management professionals have to profoundly understand the nature, trajectory, and impact of the current technology-centered transformation in the industry. In this chapter we define and describe all these constructs, providing a deep explanation of the transformational role of technology in sports events and the sports ecosystem in general. It is addressed to a wide range of readers: students, scholars, sports, and technology professionals. Complementary, we define the perspective directions and agenda for future research
Intersectional (in)visibility of transgender individuals with an ethnic minority background throughout a gender transition: Four longitudinal case studies
No full textInternational audienceThis study explores the role that supervisors play in thelow uptake of Flexible Work Arrangements (FWA) amongfathers in France. We draw on 28 interviews with fatherswho had requested access to FWA and reported on thereaction of their supervisors. These supervisors were allfathers themselves and had previously benefitted from sucharrangements themselves, but did not grant such policiesto other fathers. To understand these unexpected findings,we conducted an additional 16 interviews with supervisingfathers in organizations who had previously enjoyed similarFWA. The findings show that supervising fathers can act asbarriers to other fathers in their organizations who try topush for more gender equality. We identified four ways inwhich supervisors tend to dissuade fathers from accessingpolicies to which they are entitled: gender-role confirmingdiscourses; career threats; practical reasons as a justification; and a lack of paternal workplace support. The findingshighlight the role of men (in this case, supervising fathers) inthe lack of increasing gender equality at work. By showingthat fathers can function as ‘paternal supervisor gatekeepers’ for other fathers in their organizations, we open up newfruitful ways for studying gender equality in organizations