880 research outputs found
Sort by
BEIRUT AND ITS VICINITY AT THE END OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY AND THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY بيروت وجوارها في نهاية القرن التاسع عشر وبداية القرن العشرين
Get PDFABSTRACT: This research presents how to build the Vilayet of Beirut, which at the beginning of the Ottoman period was a province affiliated with the Levant, but later became an independent state in 1888, due to its important strategic location and its port, which was considered the only port of Syria. Until it attracted the attention of Western countries, which found in it an important center and location for expansion and spread in the region. So it began to expand its activities by opening many missionary schools and a number of literary, artistic and political societies that promoted Western culture and styles in the region. This city was also connected to the neighborhood through technological investments brought by the Ottoman Empire by granting wide privileges to foreign countries in all fields, such as railways, trams, the electricity company, and the enlightenment of the city were built. This research reveals the impact of foreign influence in the region, which justified how the French influence entered Syria, and the focus on the objectives of foreign schools and what did they practice the cultural destruction by spreading their influence and culture. The research also includes the work of the Beirut municipality during that period, such as repairing and expanding roads and linking its roads to the suburbs and the neighborhood, in addition to some agricultural works that brought seeds and planted them in the city and its vicinity. The research touched on the massive wave of immigration to Egypt, which had negative consequences in terms of a decrease in the population, disruption of military service, and a shortage of agricultural labor. The smuggling of weapons through its port, under the cover of the police and the guards, was also active in Beirut and Mount Lebanon, based on the rumors of a potential conflict, especially after the great clash that occurred between the Druze and the Maronites in 1861.
الملخص: يعرض هذا البحث كيفية بناء ولاية بيروت التي كانت في بداية العهد العثماني ولاية تتبع ولاية الشام، إلا أن أصبحت فيما بعد ولاية مستقلة عام 1888م، وذلك بسبب موقعها الإٍستراتيجي المهم ومرفأها الذي اعتبر مرفأ سوريا الوحيد. إلى أن لفتت أنظار الدول الغربية التي وجدت فيها مركزاً وموقعاً مهماً للتوسع والإنتشار في المنطقة. فبدأت بتوسيع نشاطاتها من خلال فتح العديد من المدارس التبشيرية وعدداً من الجمعيات الأدبية والفنية والسياسية التي عزّزت الثقافة والأنماط الغربية في المنطقة. كما تمّ ربط هذه المدينة بالجوار وذلك من خلال الإستثمارات التكنولوجية التي جلبتها الدولة العثمانية عبر منح امتيازات واسعة للدول الأجنبية في كل المجالات، فتمّ بناء خطوط السكك الحديدية، والترام، وشركة الكهرباء، وتنوير المدينة. ويكشف هذا البحث أثر النفوذ الأجنبي في المنطقة، الذي برّر كيفية دخول النفوذ الفرنسي إلى سوريا، والتركيز على أهداف المدارس الأجنبية وما تمارسه من تدمير ثقافي من خلال نشر نفوذها وثقافتها. كما يتناول البحث ما شهدته بيروت في تلك الفترة من أعمال بلدية كإصلاح طرقات وتوسيعها وربط طرقاتها بالنواحي والجوار، بالإضافة إلى بعض الأعمال الزراعية من جلب بزور وزراعتها في المدينة وجوارها. وتطرّق البحث إلى موجة الهجرة الكثيفة التي شهدتها بيروت إلى مصر، والتي كان لها نتائج سلبية من حيث إنخفاض عدد السكان، وتعطيل الخدمة العسكرية، ونقص في اليد العاملة الزراعية. كما نشطت عمليات تهريب الأسلحة عبر ميناءها بغطاء من الشرطة والحرس وإنتشارها في بيروت وجبل لبنان بناءً على إشاعة صراع محتمل، لاسيما بعد الصدام الكبير الذي حدث بين الدروز والموارنة عام 1861م
EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBLITY ACTIVITIES ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN THE LEBANESE PHARMACEUTICAL FIELD
Get PDFThis paper seeks to explore the interrelationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and employee engagement; first theoretically by reviewing the literature and secondly by surveying different respondents from across Lebanon working in different pharmaceutical fields. The aim of this paper was to seek a correlation between corporate social responsibility and how it would impact employee engagement and enthusiasm and if it would result in better return towards society. The data collected from the surveys was computed using SPSS program and the results in hand were analyzed in order to seek out the relation between the two studied factors. The results showed how different pillars of employee engagement and CSR are interelated using Turker and Gallup scales. This study had affirmed the theories in previous literature showing the links between employee engagement and CSR and the impact of each in organizational performance. This study showed that there is no employee engagement in the pharmaceutical field as there is a significant relation between CSR and employee engagement
COVID-19: WHAT ABOUT DENTISTS?
Get PDFCoronavirus (COVID-19) has been associated with person-to-person transmission. This includes droplets inhalation, exposure to saliva, and contact with the oral or nasal mucosa. The World Health Organization (WHO) made it public that the novel coronavirus initiated an international public health emergency. COVID-19 cases are rising up until this day, as of End-April 2021, around 141 million confirmed cases and 3 million deaths were reported worldwide. Due to the characteristics of dental clinics, dental health care personnel are at a higher risk of getting exposed to the COVID-19 infection. Thus, there is an urgent need to improve the current implemented recommendations and strategies in order to prevent transmission of the disease. Despite the huge efforts made by the countries affected in an attempt to restrain this pandemic, there is still a daily flare-up of cases. Dental health personnel will come across patients with COVID-19, and thus will have to abide by strict infection control measures to prevent its spread.
The aim of this article is to introduce a brief overview about the basic knowledge of COVID-19, its routes of transmission, as well as its clinical symptoms. Based on relevant research and guidelines, this study also provides recommendations for patients screening, management protocols, infection control as well as recommendations for dental health care personnel in different affected areas
THE ROLE OF SMART ARCHITECTURAL ELEMENTS IN REDUCING THE PANDEMIC EFFECT IN RESIDENTIAL COMPOUNDS
Get PDFPandemic is an episode of an illness that happens over a wide geographic zone, (for example, different nations or countries) and regularly influences a huge extent of the population, which is in our case a virus called COVID-19. The problem or the gap lies in the houses and type of residents we have now, that aren’t adaptable and flexible enough to survive a pandemic while focusing on social distancing, safe living, and many other decisions, all the while keeping the human interaction alive. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to propose guidelines on how new smart architectural elements can help reduce the effect of the pandemic in residential compounds and create a quasi-utopian living. The research therefore will depend on a scientific methodology through analyzing different literature reviews to create a theoretical base. Then, the derived parameters will be used to inspect a case study on a site in Achrafieh, a part of the residential area of the city which is an affected area from Beirut’s Port explosion. Data will be collected from site visits, photographs, and interviews. This site will be visualized to be an experimental location for a residential compound controlled by smart architectural elements such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Automation, the use of sensors, during a pandemic. As a conclusion, it is important to go smart on the level of architectural elements, especially through such a pandemic, which should be considered as a design potential and a good risk to take, and not a threat
THE INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF TERT-BUTYLHYDROQUINONE TOWARDS CORROSION OF ALUMINUM, COPPER AND STAINLESS STEEL IN BIODIESEL BLEND B20 ALTERNATIVE FUEL
Get PDFTert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) has been investigated as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum; copper and stainless steel in biodiesel blend B20 by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. The results showed that the inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of TBHQ but decreases with increasing temperature from 30℃ to 60℃. A maximum inhibition efficiency of about 61.52% for aluminum was recorded for THBQ in biodiesel blend B20 at temperature 30℃ and at a concentration of 4x10-6 M which is the lowest concentration used compared to the concentrations of TBHQ used for the other metals (copper and stainless steel). Theoretical fitting of different isotherms, namely Langmuir, Freundlich, Kinetic-Thermodynamic and Flory-Huggins models were tested to clarify the nature of TBHQ adsorption on the three metal surfaces. The obtained experimental data best fitted Freundlich and Kinetic-Thermodynamic. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters of corrosion and adsorption processes were calculated and discussed. The sign of the Gibb’s free energy of the adsorption obtained suggested that inhibitor molecule has been spontaneously adsorbed onto the three metal surfaces. Positive values obtained for enthalpy change indicated that the adsorption of inhibitor is endothermic. The data clarified that the inhibition of aluminum and copper in biodiesel blend B20 by TBHQ takes place through physicochemical adsorption mechanism, while in stainless steel occurred by physical adsorption mechanism
EVALUATION OF ROOT-END RESECTION WITH CONVENTIONAL AND ULTRASONIC METHODS: A SINGLE-BLIND, RANDOMIZED IN-VITRO STUDY
Get PDFThe root-end resection is considered critical endodontic surgical procedure. Three millimeters of the root tip is resected and root-end cavity with parallel walls and comparable depth is cut to receive a root-end filling. The literature discussed dentinal cracks after root canal instrumentation and/or root dentine cutting. The aim of the present study was to assess cracks at root ends after resection with conventional versus ultrasonic techniques. Material and Methodology: Thirty-two extracted human lower premolar teeth with single root were used. Their root canals were prepared and received gutta-percha. Sixteen roots Group 1 were resected using tungsten carbide fissure burs, while other sixteen teeth Group 2 were resected with ultrasonic tip, then all teeth had root end preparation with the ultrasonic coated retro trip. Both amount and categories of cracks on the resected surfaces were evaluated utilizing a dental operating microscope prior and following cavity preparation. Result: Cracking was statistically significant different among the two groups after resections or after cavity preparation
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NANO-ROD AND NANO-SPHERE BASED LOCALIZED SURFACE PLASMON RESONANCE REFRACTIVE INDEX BIOSENSORS
Get PDFLocalized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) waves generated by the interaction of light with noble metal nanoparticles has been of great interest in recent years due to the high sensitivity of the extinction spectra of these nanoparticles to the medium\u27s surrounding refractive index up to the atomic level.
In this article, we simulate the extinction spectra of noble metal sphere and rod nanoparticles in order to study the effect of the geometrical shape and size of the nanoparticle on the sensitivity and detection accuracy performance parameters of the extinction spectra. We also simulated the response of the sphere and rod nanoparticle\u27s extinction spectra to variation in the refractive index of the surrounding medium quantifying this response into performance parameter measurements. For the same medium refractive index, our findings suggest that the range of operation of the nanoparticle differs due to a change in its size and shape. Our findings also suggest that nano-rod based sensors offer substantially higher performance parameters compared to nano-sphere based sensors estimated by a 237.035% increase of sensitivity and 5.307% increase of detection accuracy when the medium refractive index increases by 80% from the reference value
LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY, EQUITY AND HEALTH: ‘DO YOU SPEAK COVID-19?’
Get PDFWith many languages of the world becoming marginalized, discriminated against and at times even facing extinction, the linguistic landscape of the medical and health-care context suffers many challenges. Most prominently, when medical / health staff and their patients do not speak the same language, health-care disparities arise. With COVID-19 sweeping through the world, language barriers multiplied, access to information became a privilege conditional upon competence in English or one of the major world languages, people’s perception of the pandemic became confused and health care was adversely affected. This paper attempts a review of some of the research conducted on the impact of language obstacles on patients and the health care they receive, and the impact of linguistic inequities on the particular case of health care during the pandemic of COVID-19. Emphasizing the indispensable need for linguistic rights, the paper calls for a redefinition of health in linguistic terms, proposing the term “linguistic health” to address relevant issues. Strategies for multilingual health care and a medical responsiveness coupled with linguistic responsiveness are deemed an essential prerequisite for an all-inclusive global health culture
PREVALENCE OF ESBL-PRODUCING ENTEROBACTERIACEAE AMONG LEBANESE PATIENTS WITH URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS
Get PDFBeing the most common infections worldwide, Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) represent a major public health problem. Gram negative bacteria are the main pathogens causing UTIs where Extended spectrum β–lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacteriaceae, mainly the multi-drug resistant species, such as E. coli sequence type 131 and klebsiella.pneumoniae, account for serious health problems and high economic burden. In Lebanon, data about prevalence of antibiotic resistant pathogens during UTIs are still scarce. In this study we examined the prevalence of ESBL-producing pathogens among Lebanese patients mainly located at Bekaa governorate. This retrospective study included 7241 urine tests that were collected from all the out- and in-patients, presented to Rayak Hospital from 1-1-2019 till 31-12-2019. Among the 7241 urine tests performed, 7.54% were positive. Among the positive samples, 59%, 17.5% and 1% were caused by E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus, respectively. Other infections (22%) were caused by other types of pathogens. Among the E. coli-positive samples, Klebsiella-positive samples and Proteus-positive samples 45%, 26% and 17% were ESBL producing, respectively. The ESBL- producing pathogens corresponded to 31% of the total positive UTIs. The distribution of these infection-causing pathogens according to age, gender and hospitality condition was also determined. This study shows for the first time the frequency and distribution of ESBL-producing pathogens among Lebanese UTI-patients in Bekaa region
UNSTEADY ROTATIONAL MOTION OF A MICROPOLAR FLUID INSIDE A RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER USING STATE SPACE APPROACH
Get PDFIn this work, the unsteady rotational motion of an incompressible micropolar fluid inside a right circular cylinder is investigated. The classical no-slip and no-spin boundary conditions are proposed. The problem is solved analytically using the state space approach together with Laplace transform technique. The inverse Laplace transform is carried out numerically using a numerical technique based on Fourier series expansion. Numerical results for the flow field functions are represented graphically for different values of the time and micropolarity parameters