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COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THREE DIFFERENT IRRIGATING TECHNIQUES ON DEBRIS AND SMEAR LAYER DISTRIBUTION IN ROOT CANALS (AN IN VITRO STUDY)
Get PDFThe aim of this study was to compare, in vitro, the cleaning efficacy of three different irrigation techniques: syringe irrigation (Navitip) using NaOCl, sonic irrigation system (EndoActivator), and passive ultrasonic irrigation system (PUI) on debris and smear layer distribution in the root canal at three different levels. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted single-rooted human mandibular premolars were decoronated to a standardized length of twenty millimeters. Specimens were shaped to IRace 25 size and irrigated with 3 mL 2.5% NaOCl between instrumentation. Teeth were divided randomly into three equal groups: Group I (n=20): Irrigation manually with a syringe (Navitip) (n=20), irrigation was done with 3 mL 2.5% NaOCl for one minute using 30 gauge needle. Group II (n=20): Final rinse with 3 ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for one minute with passive sonic irrigation system (endoactivator). Group III (n=20): Final rinse with 3 ml 2.5% NaOCl activated for one minute with PUI system. Root canals were then split longitudinally and field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to eval¬uate endodontic smear layer and debris removal from the instrumented root canals. This was done using a scale from 0-5 as described by Hulsmann et al. Results of this study showed that Both (PUI) and (EndoActivator®; Dentsply) have resulted in superior removal of smear layer and debris when compared to needle-and-syringe irrigation. Conclusion: None of the techniques completely removed all the smear layer and debris from root canal walls at the apical part of the canal. However, PUI system showed significantly better cleaning than needle and sonic systems in the entire length of the root canal
HAND SANITIZERS USE DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: KNOWLEDGE, PREFERENCE, AND ADHERENCE OF A SAMPLE OF THE LEBANESE POPULATION.
Get PDFPurpose: Preventive measure has been a gold stone in reducing the spread of Coronavirus disease of 2019. These measures include quarantine, social distancing, face mask use, and most importantly hand hygiene. Consequently, alcohol-based hand sanitizers have been used abundantly. The current study aimed to assess the knowledge, preference, and practice toward hand sanitizers of the Lebanese community, during the pandemic period.
Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out from mid of May to mid of June 2020. Adult Lebanese residents from the 5 main Lebanese districts were invited to participate in the study. The questionnaire included demographic data, 5 knowledge questions, practice during COVID-19, and preferred characteristics of hand sanitizers. Data was analysed using SPSS-version 20. Results were considered significant at p-value ≤0.05 with a confidence interval of 95%.
Results: Out of the 481 participants, 278 were unable to be quarantined, and accordingly 74.5% had to use hand sanitizers regularly. Gel form, fast-drying, and low price were the main factors behind the choice of hand sanitizers by percentages of 51.2%,40.2%, and 36.2%, respectively. Nevertheless, all types of hand sanitizers have caused skin irritation in 43% of the respondents. The knowledge score revealed an average score of 2.56±1.1 over 5 with a significantly higher means for medical workers and university degrees.
Conclusion: Consequently, educational campaigns should target common people for the proper choice and use of hand sanitizers
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PRESSURES OF AIR PARTICLE ABRASION BEFORE AND AFTER SINTERING WITH AND WITHOUT ZIRCONIA LINER ON BOND STRENGTH OF RESIN TO ZIRCONIA SURFACE
Get PDFThis study aimed to compare the effect of different pressures of air particle abrasion 2 and 4 bars before and after sintering with and without zirconia liner on SBS of resin to zirconia Surface. Materials and Methods: 54 zirconia cuboids 8×8×3 mm were milled and divided into 6 equal groups (N=9) according to surface treatment; sintered with ceramic liner application and 2 bars pressure (SL2) and with 4 bars pressure (SL4), sintered with no ceramic liner and 2 bars pressure (SN2) and 4 bars pressure (SN4), unsintered with no ceramic liner and 2 bars pressure (UN2) and 4 bars pressure (UN4). Specimens underwent thermocycling (1000 cycles) between 5 ̊ and 55 ̊ Celsius with dwell time of 10 seconds, and submitted to SBS test. Data was statistically analysed. Results: All 4 bars APA groups showed higher SBS than 2 bars groups with significant difference between SL4 group (4.7±2.07) and SL2 group (2.58±1.94). Groups with APA before sintering (12.42±2.56) showed significantly higher SBS than APA after sintering (6.35±3.7). SL2 group showed least SBS with significant difference (2.58±1.94) compared to UN2 (11.83±3.35) and SN2 (7.87±2.12). SL4 group (4.7±2.07) showed the least SBS compared to the UN4 (13±1.38), and SN4 (10.24±2.94) groups. Conclusion: It was found that APA of zirconia surface before sintering yielded superior performance than APA after sintering, also 4 bars APA pressure application showed higher SBS than 2 bars pressure, application and firing of ceramic liner onto zirconia surface didn’t enhance SBS
OPTIMIZATION OF SUPERMARKET CHECKOUT COUNTERS USING INTEGRATED GREEDY ALGORITHM
Get PDFSupermarkets worldwide are facing a service dilemma whether to increase or decrease their number of counters used at checkouts. A higher number of checkouts will undoubtedly reduce waiting time at checkout, a factor in improving customer satisfaction and service quality but this will come at a cost to the Supermarket. The work conducted in this paper will therefore focus on this tradeoff between improving the customer shopping experience versus the Supermarket Cost and profitability margins. It will do so by using an optimization algorithm that can help find the optimum number of checkouts and utilization of staff resources. The optimization algorithm uses discrete event simulation approach that applies arena integrated with Greedy algorithm, using real-life data The aim of this integration is to combine the strength of the simulation that optimize large set of feasible solutions, with the advantage of the greedy algorithm to reduce the design space of feature inputs, which would facilitate optimizing the process in the shortest time possible. The developed integrated greedy algorithm has proved successful in optimizing the staff resource efficiency as well as achieving the optimum number of checkouts
THE JOINT STOCK COMPANY IN LIGHT OF THE RECENT AMENDMENTS IN LEBANON INTEGRATED BY THE LAW N°126/2019
Get PDFThe Lebanese legislator intervened in the year 2019 to make amendments to the commercial law provisions, after the laws in effect became incompatible with the modern view of companies as legal frameworks for economic activity. These amendments affected, for the most part, “the joint stock company in terms of the objective conditions and the formal requirements. This intervention aims in principle to act as a tool to attract national and regional investment, especially as it tried to include, in all stages of the company\u27s life, the pillars of governance, including transparency and accountability. Furthermore, to reduce the idea of the dominance of a group of managers - shareholders over the management of the company and monopolizing its decisions. Our present study sheds light on these amendments in all their aspects and provides a critical reading of these new provisions. It aims to rethink and add a set of rules to the legislator amendments that in theory and practice will ensure that the joint stock company is a legal tool that attracts investment
APPEALS AGAINST THE DECISIONS OF THE MILITARY INVESTIGATIVE JUDGE
Get PDFThe Judicature in Lebanon defines the system of the military judiciary, along the way with the judicial, administrative, financial and religious Judiciary. It has its own personal, spatial and qualitative powers under the Military Judiciary Law No24/68. This Judiciary has a structure distinct from the Justice Judiciary, especially in terms of its constituent judicial authorities and the means of challenging its rulings. This study will only shed light on the appeals against the rulings of the military investigative judge, after examining the rulings he should pronounce in the light of ambiguous Military Judiciary Law texts, the various amendments of the Law, and a recent change in the Jurisprudence in Lebanon, in this regard. Thus, the study shows the core of the rulings of the military investigative judge in the light of the texts of the Military Judiciary and the Penal Procedures Code, which is considered the general text for the former Law. Furthermore, it indicates the means to appeal its rulings and points out the competent Court to examine the rulings, after explaining pertinent texts and presenting to judicial jurisprudence in this regard
A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES OF THE REVISED ORIGINAL AND SHORT PSYCHOTICISM SCALE DERIVED FROM EYSENCK PERSONALITY QUESTIONNAIRE REVISED AMONG KUWAITI UNDERGRADUATESمقارنة بين الخصائص السيكو مترية للصورة الأصلية والقصيرة لمقياس الذهانية المتفرع من استخبار آيزنك المعدل للشخصية لدى عينات من طلبة جامعة الكويت
Get PDFAbstract: The aim of this study is to compare the psychometric properties of the original version and the short version of the Psychoticism Scale, which are Derived from Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised. In this study, a sample consisting of (1842) students from Kuwait University (538) male and (1304) female students were used in this study to examine the gender differences and to test the reliability and validity for Psychoticism Scale which are derived from original (EPQ-R) and the short version (EPQR-S) . The Original (EPQ-R) and Short (EPQR-S) Psychoticism Scales, the short version of the NEO FFI-S, and the Big Five Inventory BFI were administered to the sample. The results revealed significant gender differences in the two Psychoticism scales (EPQ-R & EPQR-S) of Psychoticism, in favor of males. The results also revealed the variation of the reliability coefficients for the two Psychoticism Scales. The alpha coefficient was 0.63 for males, and 0.65 for females from the original Psychoticism Scale (EPQ-R). While the alpha coefficient was 0.65 for males and 0.64 for females from the short Psychoticism Scale (EPQR-S). The results of the exploratory factor analysis also resulted in extracting five factors from both the original and the short version of Psychoticism Scales. Moreover, the results revealed significant positive correlations between psychoticism and neuroticism, and low positive correlations between psychoticism and both extraversion and openness. While the results showed a significant negative correlation between psychoticism and both lie, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness
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ملخص البحث: تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى المقارنة بين الخصائص السيكو مترية للصورة الأصلية والصورة القصيرة لمقياس الذهانية المتفرع من استخبار آيزنك المعدل للشخصية. استخدمت في هذه الدراسة عينة قوامها (1842) من طلاب جامعة الكويت بواقع (538) من الطلبة و (1304) من الطالبات، وذلك لفحص الفروق بين الجنسين ولحساب الثبات والصدق. تم تطبيق مقياسي الذهانية المتفرعان من الصورة الأصلية ( EPQ-R) والصورة القصيرة (EPQR-S)لاستخبار آيزنك المعدل للشخصية ، والصورة القصيرة المعدلة من قائمة العوامل الخمسة للشخصية NEO FFI-S ، وقائمة الخمسة الكبار BFI. وقد أسفرت النتائج عن وجود فروق جوهرية بين الجنسين في مقياسي الذهانية المتفرعان من الصورة الأصلية والقصيرة لصالح الطلاب. كما كشفت النتائج عن تباين معاملات الثبات لمقياسي الذهانية المتفرعان من الصورة الأصلية والصورة القصيرة لاستخبار آيزنك المعدل للشخصية، بلغ متوسط معامل ألفا 0.63 للذكور، و0.65 للإناث من الصورة الأصلية لمقياس الذهانية. في حين بلغ متوسط معامل ألفا 0.65للذكور، و0.64 للإناث من الصورة القصيرة لمقياس الذهانية. كما اسفرت نتائج الصدق العاملي الاستكشافي عن استخلاص خمسة عوامل مكونة للصورة الأصلية والقصيرة من مقياس الذهانية. كما كشفت النتائج عن ارتباطات جوهرية موجبة بين الذهانية والعصابية، وارتباطات موجبة متدنية بين الذهانية وكل من الإنبساط ةالإنفتاح. في حين أظهرت النتائج عن ارتباطات جوهرية سالبة بين الذهانية وكل من الكذب والقبول واتقان
WRITING ABOUT CHERNOBYL IN THE RUSH OF DIFFERED MEMORY IN VOICES FROM CHERNOBYL: THE ORAL HISTORY OF A NUCLEAR DISASTER BY SVETLANA ALEXIEVITCH ÉCRIRE SUR TCHERNOBYL DANS L’URGENCE DE LA MÉMOIRE DIFFÉRÉE, DANS « LA SUPPLICATION, TCHERNOBYL, CHRONIQUE DU MONDE APRÈS L’APOCALYPSE » DE SVELTANA ALEXIEVITCH
Get PDFAbstract: On April 26, 1986, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in Ukraine, exploded, causing what is considered as “the biggest technological catastrophy of the 20th century” (Svetlana Alexievitch, 1997, p. 7), four years prior to the fall of the Soviet Union, and ten years before Svetlana Alexievitch releases “Voices from Chernobyl: The Oral History of a Nuclear Disaster”. Even though many books, movies and photographs addressed the disaster, the belarusian author and journalist chose to peer into the lives of people:” I was interested in sensations, feelings of individuals who touched the unknown. The mystery” (S, 30) rather than studying the event itself. During 3 years, she will go to meet people, from all classes of society, who experienced the disaster. “The tortured”, the book, which falls under the tradition of testimonial art is its compilation. The author presents the testimonies without embellishment, incisive, with a deliberately trivial style. The objective from the following intervention is to study what is retained by the memory of the witnesses, ten years after the incident. What do they really remember? Which after-effects and traumas remain carved in their memories? There is an urgent need of testimonies because many people perished in between and many others will after the book is published. Our work will first consist of questioning various memories that will then allow us to classify the latter: First, the collective memory that recalls the past wars waged by Russia, the forced exodus of inhabitants, the mutilated bodies, etc. ; second, the individual memory that recounts the specificity of each individual vis-à-vis both the catastrophy and his or her own fate: love, abnegation, friendship, but also loneliness, impoverishment, suffering. In this desire to make their stories an essential part of History and culture, we must also mention the underground memory that will address their shame, their fear, the denial in which they find themselves. Afterwards, in the face of this death instinct, we will analyze the wonderful life instinct which, although thin, places these witnesses in front of their responsibility to survive: rebuild, plant, harvest, give birth. Finally, we will have to examine the place of excessive reality in this deferred discourse, confronted with the contract of authenticity desired by the author.
Résumé: Le 26 avril 1986, la centrale nucléaire de Tchernobyl, en Ukraine, explose, provoquant « la plus grande catastrophe technologique du XXème siècle » (Svetlana Alexievitch, 1997, p.7), quatre ans avant la chute de l’empire soviétique, et dix ans avant que Svetlana Alexievitch n’écrive la Supplication, Tchernobyl, chronique du monde après l’apocalypse. Bien que de multiples livres ont traité de la catastrophe, ainsi que des films, des photographies, l’écrivain et journaliste biélorusse a voulu scruter la vie des gens : « Je m’intéressais aux sensations, aux sentiments des individus qui ont touché à l’inconnu. Au mystère. » (S, 30) et non pas étudier l’événement en tant que tel. Durant trois ans, elle va aller à la rencontre des gens, toute classe confondue, qui ont vécu la catastrophe, « les suppliciés », le livre, qui s’inscrit dans la tradition de l’art testimonial en est la compilation. L’écrivain y présente les témoignages sans fioriture, incisifs, au style volontairement banal. Notre propos dans cette intervention est d’étudier ce que la mémoire des témoins a retenu, dix ans après les faits. De quoi se souvient-on véritablement ? quels sont les séquelles et les traumatismes qui restent gravés dans la mémoire ? Il y a urgence à témoigner parce que beaucoup de personnes sont mortes entretemps et autant mourront après la publication du livre. Notre travail consistera d’abord à questionner les différentes mémoires qui nous permettront de classer leurs souvenirs. D’abord la mémoire collective qui rappelle les guerres passées menées par la Russie, l’exode forcé des habitants, les corps mutilés, etc. ; la mémoire individuelle qui raconte la spécificité de tout un chacun face à la catastrophe et à son destin : amour, abnégation, amitié, mais aussi solitude, paupérisation, souffrance. Dans cette volonté de rendre leurs histoires partie intégrante de l’Histoire et de la culture, il faut aussi mentionner la mémoire souterraine qui traitera de leur honte, de leur peur, du déni dans lequel ils se trouvent. Ensuite, et devant cet instinct de mort, nous analyserons le formidable instinct de vie qui, bien que maigre, met ces témoins face à leur responsabilité de survie : reconstruire, planter, récolter, enfanter. Enfin, nous aurons à étudier dans ce discours différé la place de l’excès du réel face au contrat d’authenticité voulu par l’écrivaine
THE EPIC OF THE CATASTROPHE AND THE POETIC CREATIVITY BETWEEN MAHMOUD DARWISH AND MURID EL-BARGHOUTHIمشهدية النكبة والابداع الشعريّ بين محمود درويش ومريد البرغوثي
Get PDFAbstract: The Palestinian Nakba “calamity” became a symbol for poetic creativity after the disaster of occupying the land of Palestine and the subsequent successive setbacks. Especially in the hearts of its children the poets, those who became poets because of that bleeding wound, caused by separating the human from the place “land” and the place from the human
ملخص البحث: تحوّلتِ النكبةُ الفلسطينية إلى رمزٍ للابداع الشعري، بعد كارثة اغتصاب المكان وأرض فلسطين وما تلاها من نكسة ونكساتٍ أخَر، ولا سيما في نفوس أبنائها أخص منهم الشعراء، الذين أصبحوا شعراءً بفضل ذاك الجرح النازف، جرّاء سلخ الإنسان عن المكان، والمكان عن الإنسان
THE NULLITY IN TUNISIAN CORPORATE LAW AND THE PROTECTION OF THIRD PARTIES
Get PDFLa nullité est la sanction ordinaire du non-respect des conditions de validité d\u27un acte juridique. Cette sanction doit être proportionnelle à la règle transgressée, sans sacrifier les droits des tiers impliqués dans l\u27acte juridique sanctionné, et ce pour préserver la sécurité des transactions. Autrement dit, il faudrait freiner la nullité quand elle nuit aux tiers et la laisser jouer lorsque leur protection n\u27est plus justifiée. Un tel équilibre n\u27est qu\u27imparfaitement réalisé en droit tunisien des sociétés qui assure aux tiers une sauvegarde nuancée de leurs intérêts. Effectivement, si le législateur a veillé au rétrécissement du domaine de la nullité, à travers la réduction de ses causes et la multiplication des obstacles à son prononcé, ainsi qu\u27à la paralysie de ses effets aussi bien dans le temps que dans l\u27espace, sa vigilance n\u27a pas empêché l\u27admission de la nullité virtuelle et l\u27inadaptation de la nullité textuelle dans certaines hypothèses