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EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL WORKPLACE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY IN LEBANON
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Continuous Professional Development in the pharmaceutical workplace and the direct impact on the pharmacists’ personal and professional progression and to assess their perceptions toward various CPD methods and their incorporation into this recent learning pathway. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Lebanon within three months from July 2017 till September 2017 using a survey as a tool. Overall 142 participants were conveniently selected frequency matching national government estimates of pharmacists’ work location and gender . Results: Among the respondents, 38.7% reported that they have learnt through CD/DVD, 57.7% pharmacists attended a conference and 43.7% reported that they took advantage of the E-learning modules provided by the Order of pharmacists in Lebanon. An improvement in practical skills (64.1%) and knowledge acquisition were outlined. The majority considered that the programs modules should be provided and audited by colleges. Conclusion: Understanding the pharmacists’ needs help in providing structured modules to enhance the pharmacy practice and encouraging the incorporation of pharmacists from different areas of work by having multiple options of CPD
A REVIEW OF KNOWLEDGE RISK CONCEPTION
Get PDFKnowledge is regarded as a critical source of sustainable competitive advantage. However, knowledge has a negative aspect as well. Organizations face a variety of risks as a result of a lack of knowledge, its disappearance, incorrect application, or other consequences of knowledge-related use. Various knowledge risk dimensions were reported in the literature. The authors summarized and analyzed the theoretical perspectives on knowledge risks based on certain criteria such as comprehensiveness, clarity and flexibility. This research has provided an extended knowledge risk taxonomy of Durst and Zieba (2018). The taxonomy now includes a strategic knowledge risks group that embraces knowledge loss, knowledge leakage, and knowledge gaps risks. This type of knowledge risks has long-term severe impacts on organizational performance and must be managed by senior management/executives. Further research shall be conducted to empirically test and validate the proposed taxonomy
LEAD AND CADMIUM DETOXIFICATION BY HALOPHILIC BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SOLAR SALTERNS IN LEBANON
Get PDFWater contamination by heavy metals has gained considerable attention globally. These inorganic pollutants can enter the aquatic environments via different routes thereby threatening biodiversity and human health. Lead and cadmium are hazardous pollutants where their removal by traditional techniques is identified to be costly and ineffective. However, bioremediation by extremophilic microorganisms is considered to be a promising technique as they have considerable potentials to grow in harsh environmental conditions. The present study deals with the isolation of halophilic bacterial isolates from solar salterns in North Lebanon. The isolate H1S9 was identified as Halomonas venusta H9 after showing tolerance to 500 mg L-1 of lead and cadmium. Conductivity and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy showed that Pb2+ and Cd2+ were removed by Halomonas venusta H9. Transmission Electron Microscopy demonstrated the ability of Halomonas venusta H9 biomass to bioaccumulate Pb2+ and Cd2+ from aqueous solution into the cells. The factors affecting the bioaccumulation process were investigated
LEGITIME SUSPICION: PROBLEM OF INTERPRETATION BETWEEN THE APPARENT AND MANIFEST ASPECT OF PARTIALITY
Get PDFDès lors, quelle place la suspicion légitime aura pour d’objet de rapporter la preuve d’un soupçon réel et sérieux portant sur le caractère vraisemblable d’une action humaine illicite. Toutefois, il ne s’agit plus seulement de fonder son opinion sur des indices, des impressions ou encore des intuitions mais sur le caractère réel et sérieux de l’imputation d’un délit ou d’un crime. A la lumière de la décision no 5 du 18 février 2021, prise majorité par la Chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation en acceptant le renvoi du dossier d’enquête confié au Juge d’instruction Fadi SAWAN, à un autre Juge d’instruction pour cause de la suspicion légitime, suite à une requête présentée par deux parlementaires demandant son dessaisissement. Notre étude analysera la qualification et la portée de la solution retenue par la Cour de cassation, qui nécessite une interprétation évaluée avec précaution
EXPLORING POTENTIALS OF LEFTOVER SPACES USING URBAN METAMORPHOSIS
Get PDFIn a dynamic world, the challenge behind reaching utopia is a result of the continuity of change and the metamorphosis. Metamorphosis, from the Greek meta signifying the change and morphe referring to the form, is a change and adaptation of the form or nature of something into a different one through time. However, when it comes to urban metamorphosis, it is a tension between the traditional living and the raise of technology through history, and this adaptation is affecting cities, buildings, identity, and environment. Urban metamorphosis of undeveloped non-organized cities had created urban and social fragmentation; unorganized cities are broken urban fabrics disconnected by bare lands. Therefore, this research aims to establish guidelines to metamorphic the leftover lands to create utopian spaces in the cities. To achieve this aim the study starts with a literature review including previous opinion in the field of study, and the case study analysis of the neighborhood of Bachoura in Beirut city; a disconnected neighborhood from Beirut central city. The urban fabric of this neighborhood needs to reconsider preserving the identity which goes back to 1960s, and to reconsidering the use of the urban leftover spaces in revitalizing the district. A holistic approach of urban integration among built and natural environment, changes the way people occupy a place and get attached to it
PLACE, SPACE, AND THIRDSPACE IN SELECTED POEMS BY JAWDAT HAYDAR
Get PDFThe spatial turn of the 20th century reshaped the examination of space in literary research, with works by De Certeau and Soja being some of the most prominent in that area. Numerous pieces of writing were revisited following the spatial turn, and Mahjar poetry was part of that reexamination. Indeed, Mahjar poetry is rife with spatial imagery, and Jawdat Haydar’s poems, four of which are the subject of this paper\u27s analysis, are no exception. This paper argues that the representations of Lebanon and Baalbeck in Haydar’s poetry are self-conscious reconstructions created thanks to the speaker’s emotions, thoughts, and descriptions. By adopting Michel de Certeau’s theory on place and space and Edward Soja’s First and ThirdSpace, this paper examines the role of space in four of Haydar’s poems: “Lebanon” and “Baalbeck and the Ruins” from Voices and “Lebanon 1983” and “The Temple in Baalbeck” from Echoes. Indeed, in the poems of the first collection Voices, the speaker simply presents a static portrayal of the subject of description, whether it is Lebanon or Baalbeck. This depiction, however, becomes much more mobile in Echoes, where the speaker vitalizes the scenery and invites the reader to take part in these reconstructions. Thus, the shift from Voices to Echoes presents a transition from a static subject of description to a much more dynamic one, which clearly shows the speaker’s active involvement in the production of the spatial imagery of his country and homeland
OVERVIEW ON THE LEBANESE ENVIRONMENTAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM: MAIN HAZARDS IN THE OIL AND GAZ SECTOR
Get PDFDue to harsh environment and vulnerability of marine ecosystems, many challenges are faced regarding offshore oil and gas activities. Many steps are currently undertaken to overcome such challenges.
As Lebanon is inside the new oil and gas sector in its offshore region, plans should be made to address environmental challenges that may occur in this sector. The Lebanese environmental governance system meets international standards in various aspects but some gaps are addressed to manage such risks that may be encountered with oil and gas activities in the Lebanese offshore. This article ends by a fast run through environmental regulatory authority, environmental legislations, risk assessments and environmental permits
THE ROLE OF COUNTRY OF ORIGIN, PERCEIVED VALUE, TRUST, AND INFLUENCER MARKETING IN DETERMINING PURCHASE INTENTION IN SOCIAL COMMERCE
Get PDFThe paper aims to improve understanding about the causes why customers intend to purchase online through social media networks. The study examined factors affecting purchase intention namely: country of origin effect, trust, perceived value, and influencer marketing on the willingness of buyers to purchase clothes through social commerce. A questionnaire was established for data collection, and 400 forms were collected in Lebanon, and were analyzed using SEM to examine the relationships in the conceptual framework suggested. Results designated that country of origin, trust, and perceived value were three significant precursors of customers’ purchase intention in the context of social commerce. Moreover, country of origin and perceived value can impact trust beliefs; and influencer marketing could enhance perceived value of commodity purchased. This research suggests vital inferences to both scholars and professionals and highlights the implications of factors’ motivating intention to buy from vendors in social media networks. The paper is amid the early efforts to evaluate the effect of country of origin on intention to purchase among consumers in social commerce settings
GENUS MICROMERIA: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Get PDFMicromeria (Family Lamiaceae) is widespread across Europe, Asia, Africa and North America, with a center of diversity in the Mediterranean region and the Canary Islands. More than 78 species of Micromeria have been known, famous examples is: M. fruticose.Genus Micromeria comprises plants of different chemical nature. Based on previous studies, Micromeria species is considered as a rich source of essential oils, mainly; monoterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes hydrocarbons, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. About ten species of Micromeria have been identified to grow widely in Lebanon, of which Micromeria fruticosa is the most common and abundant. Several pharmacological activities were reported including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and antidepressant effect. This is a review article where we thoroughly discuss the chemical nature and classes of all isolated metabolites from Micomeria plant especially Micromeria fruticosa and their reported biological activities in an attempt to inspire the researchers to isolate and structural elucidate the compounds that could have valuable use in drug discovery and medical application
IDENTIFYING FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE CONFLICT MANAGEMENT STYLES OF LEBANESE NURSING STUDENTS’ WITH THEIR CLINICAL EDUCATORS
Get PDFConflicts in nursing career between students’ and clinical educators result certainly in negative outcomes for the students’ as stress and low assertiveness level, but can be successfully managed. The conflict management styles of the students’ should be well known in detail in order to attain positive outcomes. The present study aims to identify factors that influence conflict management styles of Lebanese nursing students’ with their clinical educators. This study was conducted at different universities and institutions, using a descriptive correlational design. A random sample of 360 nursing students’ was used. Data was collected using one tool consisting of two parts: Demographic data and The Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory-II (ROCI-II). Study results illustrate that 78.9%, and 76.6% of nursing students’ respectively used integrating and compromising styles, 76.1% used dominating and avoiding styles and 67.7% used the obligating style of conflict management with their clinical educators. Furthermore, 41.1 % of nursing students’ had conflict experiences from clinical areas. On the other hand, 26.9 % and 70.6% had sometimes and rarely experienced conflicts with their clinical educators respectively. Other variables influence their perception of conflict management styles such as age, class year, academic qualification level, family income, previous conflict with preceptors, frequency of experiencing conflict, feeling successful in conflict management and conflict experiences environment. Consequently, it is recommended that clinical educators should attend workshops about stress management and coping strategies for nursing students’, in order to maintain a healthy learning environment and motivate students’ to express their opinions and enhance their autonomy