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PHYSICAL AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NANOSIZED MN0.5NI0.5¬FE2-XPRXO4 PREPARED BY CO-PRECIPITATION METHOD
No full textNanosized Mn0.5Ni0.5Fe2-xPrxO4, x=0.0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1 and 0.15 are prepared by co-precipitation method at calcination temperature 650oC for 4 hours. X-ray diffraction patterns show the presence of the cubic (Mn-Ni)- ferrite phase and anti-ferromagnetic a-Fe2O3. The variation in the lattice parameter “a” is due to the replacement of smaller radius ions Fe+3 by larger radius ions Pr+3. Transmission electron micrographs indicate that the particles are spherical in shape. The moderately agglomerated particles are present due to the interaction between the magnetic nanoparticles. UV-visible optical (UV) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopies show a significant change in the absorption bands as the Pr content increases. The calculated values of the optical band gap energies show an increase as the Pr content increases. This is due to the decrease of the particle size. From VSM analysis, it was found that the saturation magnetization (Ms) and the coercivity (Hc) are strongly dependent on Pr content. The results of M-H loop are interpreted in terms of the observed anti-ferromagnetic phase a-Fe2O3, phase core shell interaction and cation redistribution
EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN THE URBAN PUBLIC SPACE: A SOCIO-SPATIAL STUDY IN THE CITY OF TRIPOLI TO RESPOND TO THE HUMAN BEHAVIOR NEEDS
Get PDFPandemics have always shaped cities and covid-19 is one of them. It has had a direct effect on the foundation of urban planning and the participation of people in public spaces. This study is aiming to analyze the effects of covid-19 on cities and urban public spaces. Also, to respond to human behavior and their needs. During the pandemic, observations and an online survey questionnaire were conducted from 1 to 10 January 2021. With the information collected from 130 Residents of Tripoli during the pandemic, the results indicated that there were changes in human behavior in the urban public space. Behavioral changes related to the need are an increase in people walking to green and urban spaces, cycling in order to reduce the stress level and improving physical, psychological and mental health. This paper emphasizes the critical role of the green spaces and sidewalks for Tripoli to improve a safe and healthier space for its inhabitants. The present study examines the changes to inform urban planning and design in a post-COVID world to deal with the pandemic considering the economy of countries and the time to manage to build a safe and healthier environment. This paper heads to the urban planners and designers to rethink when designing any spaces to a safe, and flexible environment for any future pandemic
PREVALENCE OF VARICOSE VEINS AMONG NURSES WORKING IN DIFFERENT HOSPITAL DEPARTMENTS: A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFVaricose veins are common among people working in professions requiring long standing hours like nursing. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of varicose veins among nurses working in different hospital units and identify the protective and risk factors to varicose vein development. A Cross-sectional design with self-reported questionnaires was implemented; 110 nurses at Rafik Hariri University Hospital and Osseiran Hospital working at units assumed to have the longest standing hours such as Emergency Department, operating rooms and medical and surgical units participated in the study. The participants were surveyed on sociodemographic characteristics, clinical history and current working conditions. This study identified the risk and protective factors of varicose veins among people working in the nursing profession. Homemade food was found to be a protective factor against this condition along with normal bowel movement. Future studies should look into proper assessment of the study participants for accurate findings
KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND PRACTICE OF HEPATITIS B VIRUS INFECTION AMONG DENTISTS
Get PDFDentists are at high risk for contracting Hepatitis B virus (HBV), which leads to severe liver disease. Proper infection control measures are supposed to be in place to avoid transmission, especially with the exposure to blood that dentists are at risk of. A cross-sectional study with quantitative method using a valid research questionnaire. A convenience sample of 101 dentists from around Lebanon participated in the study. The results showed that 83% of the participating dentists were vaccinated yet only 21% received the required dose for prevention against HBV. The dentists had moderate to high knowledge of HBV infection control measures, negative attitudes towards treating HBV exposed patients, as well as good practices of standard precautions. The results showed that there was a difference association between gender and vaccination (P=0.04). The results also showed that there was no remarkable association between years of experience and HBV infection prevention knowledge, however there was a significant association between gender, vaccination status and practices if infection control measures (P=0.00). The dentists report good KPA of infection control measures yet reinforcement is needed to ensure proper prevention of transmission of HBV in dental practice
EXPLORING UTOPIAN CONCEPTS IN THE CONTEMPORARY WATER ARCHITECTURE
Get PDFWater has since the beginning of civilizations been known to be the vital component of mankind’s existence. The inseparable relation between architecture and water is well-established from the beginning of ages where humans first settlements arose; that inevitably led to the creation of long-lasting shelters. Despite their strong bond, the architectural relationship with water has been through an unfortunate downfall throughout the years. Some contemporary architects admire to achieve an innovative approach in their projects, but are still lacking the risk of incorporating water as a key component for it; where it can act as a symbol of grandeur, creating an image of perfection within the project. This research, therefore, aims to explore the various concepts in using water features in contemporary architecture, that contributes in expressing ones’ visions for achieving utopia. Moreover, showcasing the importance of aquatic’s significance within architecture. The research focuses on one case study: Regenerating ‘Ras El-Sakher’, Tripoli, which analyses an outside of the box strategy for reaching a utopian concept by escaping from normal views and directing it towards water. To prove this hypothesis, two different methodologies will be used, the research will conduct, one mental, which will be an inductive methodology that will define our main keywords, and analysis data from previous works and articles on the same topic wrote by different theorists, scientists or architects, and the second one will be a physical methodology that will use experimental and field methods that will be established through site visits, handing out survey questionnaires, analysing the urban policies, and holding interviews . Finally, developing a series of different conceptual aspects found in contemporary water architecture, that would create a design guideline for the further usage of water as a key component in reaching utopia
THE EFFECT OF STUDENTS-AS-CUSTOMERS CONCEPT ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION AT UNIVERSITIES
Get PDFIn the field of education, particularly in higher education, marketization refers to higher education institutions using marketing practices in their policy and academic service, and mainly by regarding students as customers. Several factors have shifted the perspectives toward the students-as-customers approach. The main causes are the increased competition, decreased government funding, and the increased cost of education. However, adopting the concept of students as customers resulted in a misconception of the relationship between universities and students and many reviews perceive it as degrading for the educational standards. The aim of this paper is to clarify the issue of whether students should be regarded as customers by explaining the higher education quality standards as perceived by all parties pertaining to the educational path and examines the students’ performance and satisfactions at all levels
WRITING THERAPY IN THE NOVEL BEYROUTH 2020 BY CHERIF MAJDALANIL’ECRITURE THERAPEUTIQUE DANS LE ROMAN « BEYROUTH 2020 » DE CHERIF MAJDALANI
Get PDFAbstract: The writing, as terrible as it is, is nevertheless reassuring, because it puts the difficult moments in image, in word; it connects us to past experiences, to men and women who went through them, going through moments of hardship, but also of consolation. The goal of literature writing is not just the disaster itself, but, it is also about taking care of oneself and others and to express how society has experienced this disaster and how to remedy it. Even more, the catastrophe sometimes goes beyond the framework of the country to reach the extent of the whole world. Indeed, the disaster at the port of Beirut on August 4, 2020 is the best example. In early summer 2020, novelist Chérif Majdalani decides to keep a journal to bear witness to the daily facts of Lebanon, ruined by the economic crisis as well as the corona virus pandemic which is invading the world. His book, Beirut 2020 is first and foremost a diary in which he recounts snippets of his daily life and that of those close to him, he adds to the description of the facts, his emotions, his reflections and his meditation. But in addition to the general crash, the explosion of August 4, 2020, came to accelerate the collapse; the chronicle is then transformed into a mirror of the disaster. The author narrator decides to exorcise suffering through writing. The question then arises: to what extent can writing be a remedy? How can it remedy the trauma of the port disaster? How can this diary be a therapy for the narrator and for his wife? In this research, we will study first the textualization of the collapse, then the structure of the book in 2 stages and the analysis of the collapse caused by corruption, and finally the study of therapy through writing.
Résumé: L’écriture, aussi terrible qu’elle soit, est malgré tout rassurante, car elle met en image, en parole les moments difficiles, elle nous relie aux expériences passées, aux hommes, aux femmes qui les ont traversées, passant par des moments d’abattement, mais aussi de consolation. Le but de l’écriture littéraire n’est pas uniquement la catastrophe, mais il s’agit de prendre soin du moi ainsi que des autres et d’exprimer comment la société a vécu cette catastrophe et comment y remédier. Même plus, la catastrophe dépasse parfois le cadre du pays pour atteindre l’étendue du monde entier. En effet, la catastrophe du port de Beyrouth le 4 août 2020 en est le meilleur exemple. Au début de l’été 2020, le romancier Chérif Majdalani décide de tenir un journal pour témoigner des faits quotidiens du Liban, ruiné par la crise économique ainsi que la pandémie du virus corona qui envahit le monde. Son livre, Beyrouth 2020 est d’abord un journal où il raconte des bribes de son quotidien et de celui de ses proches, il y ajoute à la description des faits, ses émotions, ses réfections et sa méditation. Mais à l’effondrement générale vient s’ajouter l’explosion du 4 août 2020 qui accélère l’effondrement ; la chronique entamée se transforme alors en un miroir du désastre. L’auteur narrateur décide d’exorciser la souffrance par l’écriture. Une question se pose alors : dans quelle mesure l’écriture peut-elle être un remède ? Comment peut-elle remédier au traumatisme de la catastrophe du port ? Comment ce journal peut-il être thérapeutique pour le narrateur et pour sa femme ? Dans cette recherche, nous allons étudier en premier la mise en texte de l’effondrement, ensuite la structure du livre en 2 temps et l’analyse de l’effondrement causé par la corruption, enfin l’étude de la thérapie par l’écriture
USE OF BIOMIMICRY DESIGN APPROACH IN CONSTRUCTING SUSTAINABLE RESILIENT STRUCTURES (CASE STUDY: PORT OF BEIRUT)
Get PDFResiliency is not the same as sustainability, nor its substitute, but definitely the two concepts complement each other’s. Sustainability is the avoidance of depletion of natural resources to maintain ecological balance whereas resiliency is to recover, adapt and keep going in the face of setbacks. While designing with green approach is important but what will happen to leed points if the building becomes uninhabitable due to disasters, that’s where resiliency comes into play. The 2019 statistics showed that natural disasters accounted for 133 billion dollars losses and manmade ones accounted for other 7 billion in addition to 11,755 people worldwide were passed way or disappeared, all as results of failures experienced in cities structures and infrastructures when facing such contingencies, these numbers draw a concern on the current buildings industry resiliency on the global level. Currently there are two theories of resiliency; engineering which is based on technology and ecological which is based on biology. While technology exploits energy to solve problems, biology focuses on information and structure which is usually ignored by technology, therefore this research aims to propose a new approach for designing resilient structures through the use of biomimicry in order for cities to be capable of withstanding disasters. To achieve this aim, the research used a scientific approach based on tracing literature review about building’s structures, in addition to disasters and how they shaped the architecture of our cities, and investigating ideas about resiliency achievement, then analyzing the “Port Of Beirut” as a case study to identify a new design approach through the use of biomimicry to improve the quality of life and strengthen the feeling of safety in the city. As a conclusion, after 3.8 billion years of nature’s research and development, failures are fossils, and what surrounds us is the secret to our survival, hence biomimicry approach to be applied in order to learn from nature as a model to create sustainable designs for achieving more resilient cities
THE ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF E-COMMERCE TO BOTH CUSTOMERS & BUSINESSES
Get PDFOne of the major new trends affecting the business world, the consumers and the economy is the emergence of e-commerce. In this paper, we will analyze both its advantages and limitations, clarifying the future impacts of this rapidly growing phenomenon. We will clarify the advantages that e-commerce helps businesses achieve, such as increasing their customers, penetrating new markets, reducing financial costs as well as enhancing customer satisfaction levels and retention rates. We will also showcase the various advantages that e-commerce provides customers such as the grater accessibility to a wider variety of products from numerous vendors, enhanced connivance in the shopping experience, as well as grater delight due the personalization features that the digital provides. Finally, we will examine the limitations that e-commerce businesses have that could limit their rapid growth. Such limitations include security and privacy issues as well as the lack of experience and proper infrastructure. This study will examine previous literature to provide a consolidated list of the advantages and limitations that e-commerce has resulted in, for both consumers and businesses
IS DAYCARE A SAFE PLACE FOR KIDS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC? OPINION OF THE LEBANESE MIDDLE TO LOW ECONOMIC STATUS MOTHERS
Get PDFPurpose: COVID-19 pandemic has negatively impacted the whole society including mothers who struggled between paid work, housework, and full-time childcare. Daycare used to relieve part of this burden. Accordingly, the current study aimed to assess the mothers’ acceptability of sending their children to daycare and the factors that influenced the decision.
Subject and Method: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out through phone calls in November 2020. Lebanese mothers of children from 0 to 3 years were invited to participate in the study. The questionnaire included demographic data, perception of the ways of COVID-19 transmission, Snyder’s Hope Scale, and acceptability of mothers to send their children to daycare. Data was analysed using SPSS-version 20. Results were considered significant at p-value ≤0.05 with a confidence interval of 95%.
Results: Results showed a good knowledge of the way of transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, food and drinks as well as pets were retrieved as a source of transmission in 66.2 and 3.1%, respectively. Mothers average hope reflects their neutrality in agreeing in quarantining and even their disagreement. Accordingly, 62% of the mothers agreed on sending their kids to daycare to overcome their confronted barriers; mainly to go to work.
Conclusion: All the results reflect the high burden of raising children without institutional support as well as financial one which the mothers are exposed to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, daycare must reopen their doors, with special precautions, to relieve the burden on mothers. Moreover, the government must support daycare institutions economically to be affordable to a larger sample of low to middle-income families