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دور رواد مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي في تطور سوق وسائل الاعلام العراقي (دراسة تحليلية)
Get PDFيتميز واقع الاعلام في العراق بحالة نادرة لاتشبه مثيلاتها في المنطقة على صعيدي المهنة وامتلاك المؤسسات الاعلامية التقليدية، حيث مازالت أغلبية تلك المؤسسات مملوكة لأحزاب وشخصيات من ذوي النفوذ السياسي،لاسيما الأحزاب الحاكمة، لأن انشاء أي مؤسسة اعلامية تقليدية مرهون برأس مال كبير أولاً، وموارد بشرية ثانياً. لذلك درست هذه الورقة البحثية ديناميكيات التحول في سوق الإعلام العراقي مع التركيز على العوامل التي تساعد على مشاركة ودمج رواد الأعمال في مجال الإعلام وشركات الوسائط الرقمية التي تستهدف الجمهور على وسائل التواصل الاجتماعي. وتُعد هذه الدراسة من الدراسات الوصفية التحليلية، وقد استخدمت أسلوب المقابلة المفتوحة والمعمقة كأحد أساليب البحث الكيفي مع (19) من رواد الأعمال في مجال الإعلام وثلاثة من مديري شركات الانتاج الإعلامي.
كشفت الدراسة أن مساحة الحرية النسبية مع وجود تقنيات الاتصال المتقدمة المتاحة، شجعت رواد الأعمال في المجال الاعلامي على دفع عجلة الواقع النمطي لوسائل الإعلام التقليدي في العراق، وذلك عن طريق إنتاج المخرجات الاعلامية المبتكرة ثم بيعها وبثها عبر حساباتهم الخاصة في مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي التي أصبحت شائعة بين مستهلكي وسائل الإعلام
DESIGNING FLEXIBLE OPEN SPACES WITH ENERGY EFFICIENT SOLUTIONS FOR A RESILIENT BEIRUT - CASE STUDY OF RMEIL MEDAWAR DISTRICT
Get PDFA news supplement produced by UNDP “Peace Building in Lebanon”, distributed along with An-Nahar newspaper had published in its December 2020 issue an article entitled “Urban Vacant Parcels as Opportunities to Reclaim Public Spaces in Times of Crises and Austerity” highlighting on the following: While Lebanon experiences a multiple crises and people are struggling more every day, solidarities are urgently needed and spaces where people can meet and connect would play a key role in this matter. Adding that Beirut, the capital, is considered a dense and rapidly urbanizing city, where shared spaces are scant, poorly designed, and ill managed. The current situation and stresses have contributed to the degradation of the urban environment and transformed neighborhoods in drastic ways at the expense of public life. However, the neighborhoods comprise a lot of vacant properties (built and inbuilt) includes public staircases, pedestrian alleys and building entrances neglected gardens and parks that holds a valuable opportunity for rethinking the public spaces. The aim of the study is developing design guidelines to obtain flexible open spaces and achieve urban resilience in densely populated areas using green technology. The main objective of the study is to enhance cities’ resilient factors through applying urban interventions into the public realm elements that contribute to achieving flexible open spaces, to identify the applicable green technologies that are most suitable for creating energy- producing open spaces in highly dense areas, and to achieve a balance between the aesthetic aspects of spaces and the needs and perceptions of residents using the participatory design approach. This paper is based on literature review, analytical quantitative study. In addition to a comparative analysis of international case studies done that helps in deducing the convenient tools that can be relied upon in the case of Beirut. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize that urban interventions based on modern technologies that are considered supporters to the urban lifestyle, i.e., green technology that involve: environmentally friendly, self-replenishing and non-polluting sources can work on stimulating the spatial practices and the public life through facilitating sustainable development for physically damaged congested – historic Beirut’s neighborhoods
PROPOSING GUIDELINES TO UPGRADE THE OPEN PUBLIC SPACES IN THE INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS
Get PDFInformal Settlements have expanded rapidly in the last fifty years and have kept rising. With rapid population expansion has come an increase in haphazard urbanisation and informal settlements, frequently referred as slums. Defined as a settlement that was formed in an unplanned and uncontrolled way, which means they are mostly unrecognized. Unfortunately, focusing on the problem of current challenges in informal settlements, on the socio-cultural and environmental levels, which are facing a massive shift in the quality of life in these sites, this is reflected in urban fragmentations, social and infrastructures are lacking, service systems that have become progressively inefficient over time, a shortage of open public spaces, and inequality. Which all influence the urban environment. This paper, therefore, aims to provide guidelines to upgrade the open public spaces in the informal settlements to evolve these sites. To achieve this aim, the paper will follow a scientific methodology, starting by presenting a literature review highlighting the definition of an informal settlement, recognizing its causes, types, and its relation to the city. As a focused case study, the research will tackle Taamir district in Saida applying the field method, which are primarily inhabited by refugees, abandoned peoples, and fragmented families, as a scoped case study. This methodology investigated the challenges of its residents and proceeded with recommendations to improve their quality of life. These guidelines may be used to all those communities while considering the conditions of each region. As a conclusion, improving the quality of life in informal settlements includes ensuring that resident’s academic, economic, environmental, and socio-cultural issues are addressed
INVESTIGATING THE PROPER USE OF LITANI RIVER BASIN BASED ON WATER QUALITY
Get PDFLitani River Basin (LRB) with a 170km length and annual river flow of 750 MCM is considered the most important water resource in Lebanon. Unfortunately, the river is facing water contamination as a result of human practices. Water Quality assessments was performed in the Litani River Basin using a combination of Principal Component Analysis method (PCA) and Water Quality Index method (WQI). Results revealed the improvement of the water quality significantly after passing lake Qaraoun. Moreover, according to WQI, Lower LRB water is ranked ‘’Good’’ for irrigation and ‘’BAD’ for drinking purposes. Microbial contamination is found to be the key factor in determining the usage of water for agricultural and drinking purposes due to the propagation of Escherichia coli in water samples. Stakeholders should take immediate actions to resolve microbiological contamination in Litani Lower River in order to perverse its water for irrigation activities and supplying drinking water
NORMALITY TESTING METHODS AND THE IMPORTANCE OF SKEWNESS AND KURTOSIS IN STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Get PDFThe normal distribution (bell curve or Gaussian distribution) is a distribution that happens commonly in many circumstances. Real-life data rarely, if ever, follow a perfect normal distribution. Many tests are useful to test normality and more particularly skewness and kurtosis tests assess the comparability of a given distribution from a normal distribution. These tests are widely used in statistics, business, and epidemiological data including blood pressure, heights, IQ scores and measurement errors. This report provides a review assessing the essential methods employed for testing normality and highlighting the importance of skewness and Kurtosis in statistics. Moreover, it gives some examples of the importance of normality in epidemiological health studies analysis
ADAPTIVE REUSE OF ABANDONED BUILDINGS AS A MEANS OF IMPROVING LIVABILITY
Get PDFDue to the rapid growth of cities around the world, many buildings in ancient cities are now deserted, prompting countries to preserve their historical sites that represent their identity. According to researchers, Adaptive reuse, along with the renewal of social life and economic development activities, serve the basic concepts of livability, as well as the community\u27s recognition of adaptive reuse as a reasonable alternative to the demolition and redevelopment of existing facilities. The study assumes that adaptive reuse of abandoned buildings revitalizes the area and preserves its values and identity. In this context, adaptive reuse refers to the process of updating an existing structure for new purposes. To Test this hypothesis, a qualitative and quantitative research is conducted through the literature, an analysis of two international case studies, in addition to analyzing of one local case by conducting field surveys and interviews to illustrate the feasibility of adaptive reuse from the perspective of livability and sustainability of existing urban resources. The result of this study concluded that community participation in decision-making regarding adaptive reuse has strengthened social networks and maintained a unique lifestyle of abandoned old cities
FROM TRAUMA TO RESILIENCE: THE CASES OF BEIRUT SYNDROME BY ALEXANDRE NAJJAR AND BEIRUT 2020 DIARY OF A COLLAPSE BY CHARIF MAJDALANI (COMPARATIVE STUDY)
Get PDFThis study is an attempt to think, interpret and analyze the concept of resilience and to study the factors and mechanisms that result from it under the influence of historical, psychic, social and cultural challenges. Boris Cyrulnik defines resilience as a biological, psycho-affective, social and cultural process that allows a new development after psychic trauma . It is thus presented as an experience that can only be lived after going through various shocks, turbulences and disturbances, whether individual or collective. The two novels of Alexandre Najjar Le syndrome de Beyrouth and Charif Majdalani Beyrouth 2020 Journal d\u27un effondrement seem to offer an ideal space for studying this question, given that the recent history of Lebanon (from 1970 to 2021), punctuated by wars and traumas both psychic and physical, forms a base for the writing of the two novels. The two authors manage to reproduce the events through the eyes of the Lebanese people engulfed by crises and wars, sometimes with the aim of incriminating one or the other, sometimes with the aim of fighting or simply giving up, but also to show that it is when History is at the height of its complexity placing man under the seal of trauma and rupture that resilience emerges and that important alternatives quickly arise. How to understand resilience in the light of political and socio-economic upheavals, in a context of instability, and where wars, disasters and pandemics risk setting the individual into resignation? In other words, how could the individual and the community forge a system of internal reorganization, in view of better endurance of successive shocks? By answering these questions, we seek in this comparative study to show the convergences and divergences of these two novels in relation to the issue of trauma and resilience
WPS AND FEMINISM: POSITIVISM, MILITARY DICTATORSHIPS, AND REVOLUTIONARIES
Get PDFThe women, peace, and security (WPS) agenda is considered by many a feminist international agenda. This note argues that the contrary. This note will attempt to argue that the WPS agenda may in fact undermine the global international law feminist movement as opposed to furthering it. The view in this article is that WPS agenda is in fact a human rights positive law carve out dressed as a feminist carve out
THE FIVE BIG FACTORS OF PERSONALITY AMONG DISPLACED SYRIANS AND PALESTINIANS REFUGEES LIVING IN LEBANON
Get PDFSyrian refugees in Lebanon are a major challenge at the social, economic and psychological levels, in addition to the issue of the Palestinian refugees in Lebanon in the wake of the Naksaa of 1948. The main hypothesis of this study is that the difficult circumstances experienced by the displaced may affect their personality traits. The sample consisted of 430 individuals, (n=204) Syrian refugees and (n=226) Palestinian refugees of both sexes. All the members of the sample responded to the Arabic Inventory of the Five Big Personality Factors. The inventory enjoys good to high alpha coefficients in both samples, and was administered by 15 social specialists during February and March 2022. The findings revealed statistically significant differences in neuroticism in both the Syrian and the Palestinian samples. Women’s mean scores were higher, while there were no statistically significant differences between the sexes on any of the other personality factors. Upon comparing the Syrian and the Palestinian samples on the personality factors, one statistically significant difference appeared in the neuroticism factor, where the Syrian mean scores were higher than those of the Palestinians, including the sexes. Calculating the correlation coefficients among the five factors, it was shown that the correlations in the Palestinian sample of both sexes were twice that of the Syrian sample of both sexes (10 to 5 statistically significant correlations). By conducting a factorial analysis of the correlations between the personality factors, two factors were extracted from the Syrian sample, labelled “Balanced Personality” and “Neuroticism vs. Extraversion”. In the sample of Palestine, one bipolar factor was extracted labeled “Stable personality vs Extraversion” Upon comparison with an Egyptian sample that lives in a stable environment, the factors of extraversion, conscientiousness in both the Syrian and the Palestinian samples were found to increase, which enables them to adapt to the current circumstances
PLATONIC LOVE POETRY: FEMINIST LITERATURE IN THE UMAYYAD ERA
Get PDFReaders of Platonic Love pieces, that were popular in the Umayyad era and spread in Arab society until almost a century after its demise, observe its uniqueness in terms of presenting the personalities of poets in a distinguished way as to men in that time in respect of cultural features. The stories also include extraordinary events that drive them away from the real framework, which critics used to believe, and puts them in an artistic framework that seeks to present a possible reality that is not achieved in actuality. Perhaps this is due to the reasons; one of the most important being the need of the Arab society to receive this kind of narration. This need goes back to the Free Arab woman who belongs to the middle class in society. This class, made up of the majority of the population of Hijaz cities in the Umayyad era and Iraqi cities such as Basra, Kufa and Baghdad at the beginning of the Abbasid era, formed the time of prevalence of this art. As to the delivery of this artistic message, it was done by narrators who have taken for themselves specific places such as bars, or people gathered in the evening near their homes, to present the stories of poets and their poems that were sung or chanted. The narrators have formulated or developed this news, they also added events in poems in order to meet the needs of women for this kind of art at that time, where women\u27s gender identity contributed greatly, and indirectly to the formulation and dissemination of Platonic Love stories, regardless of its existence on a real basis or not. Interest in this art declined only with the change of material and cultural ways of life in the Abbasid society, cross-pollination of Arabs with non-Arabs, and the free exit of women from their social shell through methods invented by themselves; some being under the titles of maliciousness, deception, provocation and others. So other stories began to invade the Abbasid Arab society, such as the stories of One Thousand and One Nights, which replaced love stories in both of its genres. Other tales that are not closely related to women continued to be the news of heroes and their stories, such as the biography of Antara bin Shaddad, Al-Zeer Salem and other news of heroism and wars that served to emphasize masculinity and its authority in society at that time