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ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL IN LEBANON BETWEEN LEGAL TEXT AND PRACTICAL APPLICATION
Get PDFAfter many laws anti-corruption were issued, and not applying, so It was necessary to highlight the importance of the role administrative control, In the fight against corruption in the public sector ,Especially the central inspection The researcher will try to highlight the administrative control privileges, as a legal position of the Central Inspector .and the Obstacles to the performance of administrative control in its role. To answer these questions, the research was divided into two sections, the first of them is allocated to explaining the nature of the privileges of administrative control, the second is to override obstacles to its work, the analytical method was followed to analyze texts related to the work of administrative control The research showed that the inspector as a public servant swears by God to respect the application of the law therefore it does not apply to him the principle of insistence and affirmation stipulated in article 14 of public servants law. And presented the positive impact of the independence of administrative control in its fight against corruption, and the importance of returning special compensation to the central inspector. This study explained that many legal texts that enhance the work of administrative control is not applied, like the inspector use all means of communication to finish his investigation with the appropriate speed, and weak cooperation between the security forces and administrative control, and not working in the records of reviews and complaints, and the inspector’s authority to stop granting leave during the inspection, Or their authority to temporarily suspend the employees under investigation from work. also presented for the lack logistics resources, and the poor inspectors training, and the vacancies in the administrative control, It’s also indicated the danger of not implementing the .recommendations of the administrative control. The study concluded with some recommendations, the most important giving executive force to the reports of administrative inspectors, and inclusion of administrative control to the judiciary, and putting a security forces at the disposal of the inspectors, and the development of administrative control in line with modern technological development
GUARANTEES OF A FAIR TRIAL BEFORE THE MILITARY COURT
Get PDFThe Military Judiciary in Lebanon is specialized in dealing with the most sensitive cases and crimes related to state security, namely terrorism, treason and espionage, which civilians often commit. The Military Judiciary is also specialized in other crimes usually committed by civilians, such as firearms crimes and attacks on security and military forces. This qualitative power of the military judiciary, as well as its personal power, affect civilians and prompt the question about the guarantees the defendant enjoys before this judiciary in order to benefit from a fair trial. This is the problem posed by this study, which attempts to show the degree to which the defendant enjoys these guarantees in all stages of criminal prosecution before the military court; that is the stage prior to the public trial, (which includes the stages of the primary investigation, the interrogation), and the stage of the public trial
FROM DAMAGE TO WORDS : THE DIARY OF A CONFINED PERSON
Get PDFFrom March 16 to April 20, 2020, therefore from the 1st to the 35th day of confinement due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in France, Wajdi Mouawad writes his logbook every day, during this crossing of the desert, alone which more is “A word from a confined human to a confined human,” he says in his introduction.
Faced with one of the greatest social challenges that our current world has had to face in its almost entirety, each confined human has experienced a fight and has had no choice but to fight it. We will consider that of the Lebanese-born playwright, Wajdi Mouawad, who took up his pen, a somewhat trivial posture in front of his camera, and spoke to the world – and to himself – for about fifteen minutes, all daily, at 11 a.m., Paris time. Through these words, both oral and written, read and listened to, psychoanalytical and saving, the magic is done, once again. And the “power of a word” becomes that of a remedy, a catharsis, a god.
This is how we will consider the words as the supreme weapon of resistance, of human resilience: words by proxy, demiurge words, words that are kept
THREE STRONG WOMEN, BY MARIE NDIAYE: THE GRACE OF RESILIENCE
Get PDFBy taking three strong women as heroines, Marie NDiaye brings out the paradoxical strength of characters caught up in the destructive mechanisms of stories with uncertain endings. We perceive in these women the models of a resilience whose restorative grace is inscribed the intersubjective relations of which they are the hearths. This hypothesis invites us to observe how these relationships, threatened by an alienating confusion, get out of it, but also to locate the opaque zones of the narratives which designate the fragility of the process. Resilience could be the faculty of escaping from the dead life, that which makes them know the reflex of the withdrawal on oneself for a preservation without other goal than to flee the suffering. By refusing to collude with the deadly exercise of violence, the protagonists restore in themselves the dignity of the human person, concentrated in the faculty of answering to oneself and to the other. As for the reader, he is provoked by the ambivalences of the narratives to a hermeneutic choice reflecting the existential choice of the characters: the question is posed to him of the confidence to grant – or to refuse – to an original goodness of the human being and of life
TOWARDS NEW PEDAGOGICAL PRACTICES IN TIMES OF COVID: DISTANCE EDUCATION AS A MARK OF RESILIENCE IN THE MOROCCAN UNIVERSITY
Get PDFAffected, like most countries in the world, by the covid-19 pandemic which has affected all sectors of activity, Morocco has proposed, as part of a policy of prevention and anticipation. The measures including the objective is not only to limit the spread of covid but also and above all to ensure educational continuity and the transition from face-to-face teaching to distance learning. However, not having, like the majority of countries, a prior strategy to deal with this disaster situation, the concept of the resilience of education systems was not yet included in public policies. This fact did not prevent the Moroccan government from deploying all the necessary means to ensure and maintain this educational continuity. Our subject, in this communication, would be focused, on the one hand, on the various actions carried out by the Moroccan government in times of covid and, on the other hand, on the measures adopted by the Moroccan university, through the Commission of the Presidents of Universities (CPU) to deal with this pandemic through management, courses and exams. We will focus on distance education in the Moroccan university, starting not only from our personal experience, since we have experienced this situation, but also from the scientific studies carried out by Moroccan colleagues during this period. The aim is to provide some answers to the following questions:
a- What is the impact of preventive measures in terms of distance education on the academic year?
b- What are the points of view of the student and the teacher with regard to this new university practice?
c- What use and what contribution of ICT in the development of teaching practices
HEALTH CARE SYSTEM IN LEBANON: A REVIEW ADDRESSING HEALTH INEQUALITIES AND ETHICAL DILEMMAS OF FRONTLINE WORKERS DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Get PDFLebanon is facing many problems that can cause several long-term threats to the overall public health such as an increasing poverty rate, and an economic crisis induced by the devaluation of the Lebanese currency. The healthcare system is affected in terms of quality and availability of services in addition due to the pandemic, a lot of public health campaigns were paused. Consequently, Lebanon is losing its frontline healthcare workers coupled with the fact that the government budget for healthcare has dwindled. This report addresses the evolution of some health indicators in Lebanon throughout the years and presents the rights and ethical considerations and dilemmas faced by the frontline healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. The findings of this report showed that the average life expectancy at birth was almost 80 years for both sexes in 2020. The infant mortality rate has positively been reduced to 9.2 cases per 1000 live births and despite its position compared to some Arab countries mostly adjoining Lebanon, this rate in 2019 is considered three times higher compared to some European countries. A decrease in the food and waterborne diseases rate in Lebanon was noted, however, a higher rate is presented in Bekaa. A sustainable health system is required in Lebanon focusing on people and based on public health evidence. Many ethical challenges are faced particularly in the degree of freedom and medical choices. Nevertheless, most notably the long-term impact of these measures will preserve the well-being of society
EFFECTIVENESS OF PLATELET- RICH FIBRIN WITH BETA TRI-CALCIUM PHOSPHATE PLUS CALCIUM SULFATE ON PERIODONTAL INTRABONY DEFECT MANAGEMENT (RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED CLINICAL STUDY)
Get PDFThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of beta tri-calcium phosphate plus calcium sulfate mix, with or without platelet rich fibrin in reducing probing periodontal pockets clinically and defect depths radiographically, while increasing clinical attachment levels to reconstruct intrabony defects in human clinical trials. Materials and Methods: Sixteen participants with periodontal intrabony defects ≥ 5 mm were divided into two equal groups. The first eight intrabony defects in study group received platelet rich fibrin mixed with EthOss ®; while the eight remaining intrabony defects in control group were reconstructed only with EthOss® synthetic bone substitute. Freidman ANOVA and Mann-Whitney tests were chosen for intra-group and inter-group comparisons, respectively. Results: Final outcomes revealed statistically significant decrease in periodontal pocket depth and defect depth values (P ˂ 0.05) with a statistically significant clinical attachment level gain in study and control groups. Precisely, mean values of all measured categories were greater in study rather than control group participants, as confirmed clinically by William’s probe and radiographically by cone-beam computed tomography at 6 months after surgery. Conclusion: Adding PRF to β-TCP plus CS is highly effective in inducing new periodontal soft and hard tissue synthesis resulting in better clinical and radiographic outcomes when surgically incorporated in periodontal intrabony defect(s)
KNOWLEDGE OF THE EFFECT OF SYNTHETIC PROTEINS ON THE OVERALL HEALTH IN LEBANESE ADULTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Get PDFThe aim of the study was to assess the knowledge of gym attendees on the effects of protein shakes on their health. A descriptive cross-sectional study involving a self-administered questionnaire was undertaken. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire in two ways. First method was googled form links which was sent out to acquaintances on social media (WhatsApp, Facebook, Instagram and Twitter) in both English and Arabic language. In addition, questionnaire was printed and distributed to four different gyms in Beirut. The coaches of the gyms took charge of distributing and completing the questionnaire. Reminders were issued every 2 days throughout the data collection period. The mean age of the study participants was 25.58 (SD=6.82) years. The majority were male participants (66.9%). The findings show that participants were not aware about the side effects of protein shakes consumption. Only 61.4% knew about kidney problems, 33.7% knew about its effect on blood pressure, 38% knew about its effect on breast enlargement and only 10% knew about its effect on fertility. As a conclusion, this study provided information about the knowledge base of gym attendees on the use of protein shakes. This information will help in raising and spreading awareness among people about the effect of protein shake on their health. Future studies should address other age groups
EVALUATION OF APICAL DEBRIS EXTRUSION OF TWO FULL-ROTATING INSTRUMENTS, HYFLEX EDM AND RACE EVO, VERSUS TWO RECIPROCATING INSTRUMENTS, RECIPROC BLUE AND R-MOTION: AN IN-VITRO STUDY.
Get PDFComplete cleaning and shaping of the root canal space is a mandatory stage for the success of root canal treatment. Extrusion of different materials apically during this step such as dentine debris, pulp tissue remnants, necrotic fragments, microorganisms and irrigants may occur. These extruded materials lead to periapical irritation, pain and/or swelling. To evaluate the apical debris extrusion of Race EVO and Hyflex EDM which are full-rotating instruments, versus R-motion and Reciproc Blue as reciprocating instruments. Forty extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were selected with single canals not affected by fluorosis, resorption, or fracture. Teeth were then randomly divided into four groups (n=10) according to the instrumentation files: R-motion (FKG), Reciproc blue (VDW), Race EVO (FKG) and Hyflex EDM (Colten). Extruded debris were collected and weighed using an analytical balance. All data collected from the study were statistically analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS). The mean of apical debris using Race EVO and Hyflex EDM were higher than those produced with R-motion and Reciproc blue. A significant difference was observed between the four experimental groups. Race EVO and Hyflex EDM showed comparable results. No significant difference was observed for R-motion with the other experimental groups. Reciproc Blue generated significant less apical debris than Hyflex EDM and Race EVO. Reciprocating files seem to produce less apical debris extrusion than full rotation files. Reciproc Blue generated significant less apical debris than Hyflex EDM and Race EVO. R-motion showed less debris apical debris extrusion, however without significant difference. Further studies are required to find the best technique and instrument that result in minimal apical debris extrusion, thus reducing the possibility of periapical tissue irritation
OBJECTIVE FRAMEWORK FOR THE PROVISIONS OF CRIMINAL CONTRIBUTION -COMPARATIVE STUDY-
Get PDFIt is possible to distinguish between a number of persons where the crime is conducted by their behavior, based on the conduct of one of them, and whether this conduct fulfills the crime as described by law, or at least part of it, or on the contrary, it may appear outside the prescribed description of the crime. In the first case the person participating in the crime is called the perpetrator. This perpetrator is the one who, by his conduct, fully or partially commit the crime as described in the law. In the second, the partner, who contributes to the crime by a conduct not described by law even if it is related to the conduct described in law, because it is an agreement, incitement or assistance to it. The Egyptian law distinguished between the perpetrator and the partner in the crime, as the Penal Code dealt with the issue of criminal participation in detail, by stipulating the forms of criminal participation that are supposed to be available to determine whether or not to participate, and also referred to the elements of the act of criminal participation that lead to accountability of the partner in the crime. In addition to his interest in invoking the intent of the accomplice in the crime, while the Syrian and Lebanese law distinguished between the perpetrator and the accomplice on the one hand, and the intervening person on the other.In this study, we will address the issue of criminal contribution from the point of view of the Egyptian legislator, while comparing it with the Lebanese and Syrian laws to show the extent of compatibility or inconsistency in the stipulated provisions, using legal and jurisprudential references, as well as presenting many judgments and jurisprudence issued by The Egyptian Court of Cassation since its establishment with the aim of serving the study and enriching the facts and information contained therein