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    Microplastic pollution of thermal waters in Kütahya, Turkey

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    Microplastics (MPs) are emerging pollutants in aquatic systems, but their presence in groundwater, particularly thermal waters, is understudied. This study investigates the prevalence and characteristics of MPs in the thermal waters of Kütahya, Turkey, marking the first such exploration in the country and globally in thermal groundwater systems. Twenty-one samples (3 L each) were collected across nine regions and filtered using GF/C filters (0.45-µm pore size). Microscopic examination and μ-Raman spectroscopy revealed an average MP concentration of 0.85 ± 0.71 MPs/L (850 MPs/m3), with the highest at ST-8 (4.88 ± 2.98 MPs/L). Fibers (50%), fragments (39.8%), and films (10.2%) were identified, with polyethylene (22.2%) being the most common polymer type. Variability in MP abundance across stations suggests multiple contamination sources, including agricultural runoff, anthropogenic activities, and material used in water transport infrastructure. The findings indicate low-level MP contamination in thermal groundwater systems, which could influence both ecological health and human activities relying on these waters, such as thermal tourism and greenhouse irrigation. This pioneering study highlights the necessity for integrated waste management policies to mitigate MP pollution and underscores the role of thermal waters in understanding the transport dynamics of MPs in groundwater systems

    Modern Nörobilimin Temelleri

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    Temel ve klinik bilim arasındaki boşluğu bu otoriter nörobilim rehberiyle doldurun. Uzman bir nörobilim eğitmenleri ekibi tarafından hazırlanan bu kapsamlı rehber, nörobilim anlayışınızı hızlı ve kolay bir şekilde geliştirmeniz için gereken bilgi ve içgörüyü sunar. İki bölüme ayrılan rehber, sinir sisteminin anatomisi ve işlevinin temel bilimini ayrıntılı bir şekilde ele alırken, sinir sistemi bozuklukları ve tedavi yaklaşımlarını da geniş bir biçimde inceler.500 renkli illüstrasyonla zenginleştirilmiş olan Modern Nörobilim Temelleri, hem klinik içerik hem de çok sayıda vaka örneğini ilgi çekici ve kolay anlaşılır bir üslupla sunar. Kitap, LANGE temel bilim serisini bu kadar popüler yapan güçlü pedagojik yaklaşımı içerir ve her bölümün başında Öğrenme Hedefleri, maddeler halinde sunulan Bölüm Özetleri ve Uygulama Kutuları bulunur.• Hem temel bilim hem de klinik vakaları kapsar ve konunun tam olarak kavranmasını sağlar.• Tıp fakültelerindeki nörobilim eğitim sistemine uygun şekilde düzenlenmiştir.• Bilgiler, maksimum düzeyde akılda kalacak şekilde sunulmuştur.• Bağımlılık, duygudurum bozuklukları ve nörolojik hastalıklar gibi özgün konular ele alınmaktadır.</p

    COVID-19 era: more maternal permissiveness compared to pre-pandemic times

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    Objective This study aimed to assess mothers' attitudes toward their preschool children before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods In this observational study, mothers of children aged 2 to 6 years completed a family information form and the Parent Attitude Scale (PAS) during two periods: the Before Pandemic (BPanP) group (n=303) and the During Pandemic (DPanP) group (n=344). Generalized lineer models evaluated differences in PAS subdimension scores according to pandemic period and mother-child characteristics. Results Compared to the BPanP group, the median scores for democratic and overprotective attitudes were quite similar in the two phases, while the median scores for authoritarian and permissive attitudes were notably higher in the DPanP group (p=0.014, p&lt;0.001, respectively). When we accounted for mother-child factors, multivariate analysis revealed a positive link between the pandemic period and permissive parenting scores. Prior to the pandemic, there was a negative correlation between democratic parental attitudes and both authoritarian and permissive attitudes. However, during the pandemic, this negative correlation only persisted between democratic and authoritarian attitudes. The positive correlation between authoritarian and permissive attitudes, observed before the pandemic, remained unchanged during the pandemic period. A new positive correlation emerged between democratic and overprotective attitudes. Conclusion The findings indicate changes in maternal attitudes, with higher scores in permissive parenting amidst the COVID-19 outbreak in contrast to the time before the pandemic.</p

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