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Strah od kriminala, rodne razlike u percepciji rizika
Get PDFOne of the most consistent findings of the research into the phenomenon of fear of crime is that women express a higher degree of tear in comparison to men. The concept of vulnerability also designates gender as one of the most significant and stable predictors of fear of crime. Taking this as a starting point, a study was conducted in order to examine gender differences in fear of crime and test the theoretical claim that risk perception and the behavioural response to fear of crime are gender-differentiated and related to the level of fear. The analysis was based on the data obtained in the course of the regional research project 'Fear of Crime in Large Cities'. Using a specially designed questionnaire, the method of in-home interview was applied on a multistage random sample of 1959 adult respondents living in urban parts of the cities of former Yugoslav republics (Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Skopje). By choosing the appropriate questionnaire items, three scales for the measurement of fear of crime, the perception of victimization risk, and the behavioral response to the possibility of criminal victimization were produced/or the purposes of this paper. The results of the research confirm the existence of statistically significant gender differences in the sense that women show a significantly higher level of fear of crime than men, perceive the risk of victimization to a greater extent, and apply various measures of protection from crime more often. Furthermore, it has been determined that persons who exhibit a higher degree of fear of crime are also more acutely aware that they could become victims of crime and take various security measures more frequently in order to protect themselves from potential victimization.Polazeći od jednog od najkonzistentnijih nalaza dosadašnjih istraživanja fenomena straha od kriminala da žene iskazuju viši nivo straha u odnosu na muškarce, te koncepcije vulnerabilnosti koja pol označava kao najznačajniji i najstabilniji prediktor straha od kriminala, postavljeno je istraživanje sa ciljem ispitivanja rodnih razlika u strahu od kriminala, ali i provere teorijske tvrdnje da su percepcija rizika i bihevijoralni odgovor na strah od kriminala rodno diferencirani i povezani sa nivoom straha. U analizi su korišćeni podaci prikupljeni u okviru regionalnog istraživačkog projekta ' Strah od kriminala u velikim gradovima. Na višeetapnom slučajnom uzorku od 1959 punoletnih ispitanika koji žive u urbanim delovima gradova bivših jugoslovenskih republika (Beograd, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo i Skoplje), primenjena je metoda intervjuisanja u domaćinstvima, uz korišćenje posebno kreiranog anketnog upitnika. Izborom odgovarajućih stavki upitnika sačinjene su, za potrebe ovoga rada, tri skale za merenje straha od kriminala, percepcije rizika viktimizacije i bihejvioralnog odgovora na mogućnost kriminalne viktimizacije. Rezultati istraživanja su potvrdili postojanje statistički značajnih rodnih razlika, u smislu da žene pokazuju značajno viši nivo straha od kriminala nego muškarci, da u većoj meri opažaju rizik viktimizacije i češće primenjuju različite mere zaštite od kriminala. Dodatno, utvrđeno je da osobe koje ispoljavaju viši strah od kriminala u značajno većoj meri percipiraju da mogu postati žrtve kriminala i češće primenjuju različite bezbednosne mere kako bi se zaštitile od potencijalne viktimizacije
On-line monitoring and assessment of emerging risk in conventional industrial plants - possible way to implement integrated risk management approach and KPI's
No full textBivstvovanje-ka-tekstu (Gadamer i Derida u nesporazumu)
Get PDFThis paper deals with Gadamer-Derrida encounter during the 'Hermeneutics and Deconstruction' conference (1981). Taking into account the scale of mutual misunderstanding expressed on that occasion, many commentators suggested that it was an improbable debate, or even the non-dialogue. But, beneath the disappointing surface, Gadamer-Derrida encounter revealed complexity of relations between hermeneutics and deconstruction, which involve the great range of exceptional topics, influencing the main streams of twentieth century philosophy. In the first part I am analyzing philosophical and institutional framework of their encounter, then I am examining Gadamer's conference paper, while the last part is concerned with debate itself.U ovom tekstu analizira se susret Gadamera i Deride, koji se odigrao u okviru konferencije 'Hermeneutika i dekonstrukcija' (1981). Mnogi smatraju da je to, zahvaljujući međusobnom nerazumevanju glavnih aktera, bio razgovor gluvih. Mimo takvih ocena, koje u većoj meri zamagljuju nego što otkrivaju prirodu i tok događaja, sam neuspeh njihovog dijaloga imao je i produktivnu stranu. Jer, u njegov sklop investirana je čitava mreža 'dubinskih' afiniteta i averzija između hermeneutike i dekonstrukcije, koja, izronivši tokom konferencije tek jednim delom na površinu, sadrži neke od najodsudnijih toposa dvadesetovekovne filozofije. Time se nagoveštava da je odnos između Gadamera i Deride značajan i nezavisno od uspešnosti njihovog dijaloga. U prvom delu ovog rada biće reči o okolnostima pod kojima se susret odigrao, potom će Gadamerov konferencijski tekst biti izložen i ispitan s obzirom na osnovne postavke njegovog sagovornika, da bi se u završnom delu pažnja usmerila na njihove konferencijske intervencije
Bezbednosni identitet Balkana i EU
No full textThe basic identity of the Balkans in the last two centuries, since the term has been in political use, is inextricably linked to the issues of security and insecurity, chaos, violence, barbarism and underdevelopment. By the different perceptions of the Balkans, this area is seen as a part of Europe geographically, yet not belonging to Europe culturally, despite the fact that all Balkan nations, beyond any doubt, are European nations by all their characteristics. Extreme political instability, followed by chronic armed conflicts in which serious crimes are the main contents of the conflict, unfinished states that are strongly influenced by the great powers, economic and cultural backwardness and semi-oriental society, unable to build modern institutions, are the main stereotypes of the Balkans in the eyes of the so-called 'civilized world'. The main reason for this unfavorable perception of the Balkans lies in the fact that this area is in the focus of the Western public opinion only in times of great crisis, but in other situations it is ignored with a certain amount of contempt. The end of the twentieth century and the bloody breakup of the former Yugoslavia, again put the Balkans and its problems in the focus of world public opinion. Termination (cease?!) of the wars in the former Yugoslavia and the complete collapse of communism open the perspective of a true integration of the Balkans into Europe, through the process of accession of the former Yugoslav federation members and former Soviet bloc members in this area to the European Union and NATO. This paper is addressing the current security risks, challenges and risks that threaten the Balkans, and define its current security identity. In the first place, it is the question of the status of Kosovo, and then the question of the constitutional reconstruction of Bosnia-Herzegovina, the question of relations between Greece and Macedonia and other issues that may pose a potential security threat emanating from the so-called 'asymmetric security threats.'.Osnovni identitet Balkana u poslednja dva veka, od kada je taj termin u političkoj upotrebi, bio je neodvojivo povezan sa pitanjima bezbednosti, odnosno nebezbednosti, haosa, nasilja, varvarizma i nerazvijenosti. U različitim percepcijama Balkana, ovaj prostor se doživljava kao geografski deo Evrope, koji joj kulturno ipak ne pripada, uprkos činjenici da su svi balkanski narodi, izvan svake sumnje, evropski narodi, po svim svojim karakteristikama. Izrazita politička nestabilnost, hronično praćena oružanim sukobima u kojima su teški zločini glavni sadržaj sukoba, nedovršene države koje se nalaze pod snažnim uticajem velikih sila, ekonomska i kulturna zaostalost i poluorijentalno društvo nesposobno da izgradi moderne institucije predstavljaju glavni stereotip Balkana u očima tzv 'civilizovanog sveta'. Glavni razlozi za ovako nepovoljnu percepciju Balkana leže u činjenici da se ovaj prostor nalazio u fokusu interesovanja zapadnog javnog mnjenja samo u periodima velikih kriza, dok je u drugim situacijama sa određenom dozom prezira ignorisan. Kraj XX veka i krvavo razbijanje bivše Jugoslavije, ponovo je u fokus svetskog javnog mnjenja stavio Balkan i njegove probleme. Završetak (prekid?!), ratova na prostoru bivše SFRJ i dovršetak sloma komunizma, otvorio je perspektive istinskog uključenja Balkana u Evropu, kroz proces učlanjenja bivših članica jugoslovenske federacije i bivših članica sovjetskog bloka, sa ovih prostora, u Evropsku uniju i NATO. Ovaj rad će se baviti analizom aktuelnih bezbednosnih rizika, izazova i pretnji koje ugrožavaju Balkan, i koje definišu njegov aktuelni bezbednosni identitet u prvom redu to je pitanje statusa Kosova i Metohije, pitanje ustavne rekonstrukcije Bosne i Hercegovine, pitanje odnosa Grčke i Makedonije i druga pitanja koja mogu predstavljati potencijalnu bezbednosnu pretnju, koja potiču od tzv 'asimetričnih bezbednosnih pretnji'
Upravljanje vanrednim situacijama u Republici Srbiji - kvalitativni aspekt
Get PDFResearch within the European project of analyzing crisis management in European countries aimed, among other things, to question the qualitative dimension of new emergency management system in Serbia. In accordance with a particulary developed methodological framework, quality of this system was assessed in terms of its efficiency, effectiveness and legitimacy, based on the data gathered conducting interviews with key decision makers and secondary source analysis. The fact that the system has been in existence for only two and a half years and that it still does not work at full capacity, since it has not been completed in a normative and institutional sense, makes any attempt of serious analysis and its evaluation difficult and problematic. Nevertheless, some general remarks can be made. The system has been tested practically in the events of several natural disasters and one technological disaster. The general assessment is that, given the fact that it is not fully completed, it functioned relatively well. Recurrence of similar technological accidents like fires in night clubs, indicates the inability of the system to properly determine liability, draw lessons and translate them into standard operating policies and procedures. Procedures for determining the professional and legal accountability are complicated and take a long time so the sanctions are not effective, while due to the overall constellation of political relations political accountability is minor.Istraživanje u okviru evropskog projekta ispitivanja kriznog menadžmenta u evropskim zemljama je, pored ostalog, imalo za cilj da ispita i kvalitativnu dimenziju novog sistema za upravljanje vanrednim situacijama u Republici Srbiji. U skladu sa posebno razvijenim metodološkim okvirom, kvalitet sistema je ispitivan kroz njegovu efikasnost, efektivnost i legitimnost, a na osnovu intervjua sa ključnim donosiocima odluka i analize sekundarnih izvora. Činjenica da novi sistem postoji tek nešto više od dve i po godine i da još uvek ne funkcioniše punim kapacitetom, budući da nije sasvim kompletiran u normativnom i institucionalnom smislu, čini svaki pokušaj njegove ozbiljne analize teškim i problematičnim. Ipak, moguće je izneti neka opšta zapažanja. Sistem je praktično testiran u nekoliko prirodnih i jednoj tehničkoj vanrednoj situaciji i po opštoj oceni je funkcionisao relativno dobro. Ponavljanje sličnih tehnoloških akcidenata, kao što su požari u noćnim klubovima, pokazuje nesposobnost sistema da na odgovarajući način adresira pitanje odgovornosti, da izvuče pouke i pretoči ih u standardne operativne procedure. Postupci utvrđivanja profesionalne i zakonske odgovornosti su spori i komplikovani, tako da sankcije nisu efektivne, dok je, usled ukupne konstelacije političkih odnosa, politička odgovornost aktera minorna
Western Balkans and the Islamic schisms -The case of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Get PDFReligious divisions are an important part of the historical heritage of the Is-lamic world, which is still, to a large extent, heavy burden of mutual relations between “countries of Prophet Muhammad”. These divisions determine not only the nature of relations between Islamic countries, and the rules of the for-eign affairs “game” in the Islamic world but they also determine their internal political turmoil. The “Earthquake” of the Arab Spring which has been shak-ing the Middle East for two years now is the latest example of how divisions among Muslims create not only reality but also future of this region. Without understanding the Islamic schism it is impossible to understand the uprising against Assad in Syria or answer as to why Arab countries such as Qatar, UAE and Saudi Arabia support the rebels in that country and yet at the same time violently suppress the revolution in Bahrain. Without understanding these is-sues it would be impossible to understand the complex relationship between Saudi Arabia and Iran, two Middle Eastern states which both claim the right to be considered as the guardians of the “true” Islam. Through the lens of Middle Eastern version of the “Cold War”, an expression which can most suitably de-scribe the relationship between these two countries in the past few decades, best reflects the depth and significance of the religious divisions in Islamic world, and above all, the importance of Sunni-Shia divisions. However, it is important to emphasize that the Sunni-Shia division and the diverse consequences which this rift carries is something which is primarily related to the Middle East. This region represents both the cradle of the Islamic faith and the root of its division. On the other hand, the Balkan Muslims as authentic and “autochthonous” European Muslim populations have, until recently, nev-er faced this kind of division. After the Ottoman conquest of this part of Eu-rope a significant number of Christians converted to Islam. One part of the local Slavic population embraced the new Islamic religion and life in this region was getting, slowly but surely, a completely new and different physiognomy, marked by the spirit of the Sunni Islam. Due to centuries of stability in the Ot-toman Empire and to the lack of religious reform movements in this part of the “Islamic” world, the Balkan Muslims remain primarily aware of the Sunni Islamic teaching and practice. The other interpretation of Islam remained re-mote and exotic to them
Razumevanje koncepta vojne kulture
Get PDFThis paper presents the articulation of the concept of military culture based on specific contextual factors that contribute to the internal dynamics and interrelations of society and the armed forces. This time, these factors pertain to the value system that forms the basis of national culture, professional ethos, and other elements of military ceremony and rules of conduct that affect group cohesion and a sense of community. In addition, the paper presents theories of civil-military relations that have been used to interpret and analyse some characteristics of military culture.Artikulacija koncepta vojne kulture predstaviće se na osnovu određenih kontekstualnih faktora koji doprinose unutrašnjoj dinamici i međuodnosima društva i oružanih snaga. Ti faktori se ovaj put odnose na sistem vrednosti na kojima je utemeljena nacionalna kultura, profesionalni etos i druge elemente vojne ceremonije i pravila ponašanja koji utiču na grupnu koheziju i osećaj zajedništva. Takođe, u ovom radu će se predstaviti teorije civilno-vojnih odnosa koje su u svojim razmatranjima interpretirale i analizirale neka obeležja vojne kulture
Doprinos konstruktivističke paradigme studijama bezbednosti
Get PDFSecurity Studies is not yet sufficiently developed in the coherent and complete scientific discipline with clearly defined subject, and settled theoretical approaches and research practice, therefore the study of security issue requires a broad knowledge and approaches that go beyond a narrow disciplinary focus. Theoretical efforts of contemporary researchers in the field of security studies, among other things, relate to the use of broader paradigms of more general sciences such as sociology and psychology (positivist, constructivist, interpretive, critical paradigm, etc.). The constructivist paradigm today encompasses a wide range of concepts that develops relatively independently within the frameworks of individual sciences and the authors of these concepts have very different ideas in some segments. In view of the fact that the subject of this paper is a presentation of constructivist paradigm cognitive contribution to the study of security issue, we will focus our attention on how theorists understand and apply the constructivist approach to security studies. Generally, it can be concluded that it is the application of constructivist paradigm that allows the consideration of 'subjective dimension ' of security issue by focusing the scientific research to the reality display created on the basis of ideas, identities and interests of security actors, which consequently determine their behavior. At the same time, the wider acceptance of this paradigm presupposes a critical review and improvement of the existing, and the development of new theoretical framework for security studies.Studije bezbednosti se još uvek nisu razvile u dovoljno koherentanu i zaokruženu naučnu disciplinu sa jasno određenim predmetom, izgrađenim teorijskim pristupima i razvijenom istraživačkom praksom, tako da proučavanje pojava bezbednosti zahteva široka znanja i pristupe koji prevazilaze usko disciplinarno usmerenje. Teorijski napori savremenih istraživača pojava bezbednosti se, između ostalog, odnose i na primenu širih paradigmi opštijih nauka poput sociologije i psihologije (pozitivistička, konstruktivistička, interpretativna, kritička paradigma i sl). Konstruktivistička paradigma danas obuhvata širok spektar stanovišta koja se relativno nezavisno razvijaju u posebnim naukama, a čiji autori u pojedinim segmentima imaju sasvim različite ideje. Kako je tema ovog rada predstavljanje saznajnog doprinosa konstruktivističke paradigme proučavanju pojava bezbednosti, fokus će biti usmeren na to kako teoretičari studija bezbednosti razumeju i primenjuju konstruktivistički pristup. Uopšteno se može zaključiti da je upravo uvođenjem u istraživački fokus predstava o stvarnosti koje se formiraju na osnovu ideja, identiteta i interesa bezbednosnih aktera, a koje konsekventno određuju njihovo ponašanje, primena konstrukvitističke paradigme omogućila promišljanje 'subjektivne dimenzije' pojava bezbednosti. U isto vreme, šire prihvatanje ove paradigme, pokrenulo je kritičko preispitivanje i unapređenje postojećih, ali i razvijanje novih teorijskih okvira u studijama bezbednosti
Primena i provera sistema bezbednosti hrane
Get PDFHistorically, assuring that food is safe to eat included food inspection and laboratory testing of end product. Modern, nowdays food safety assurance system is designed to address potential food safety problems before they actually appear and at points of the food chain where they are expected to appear. In paper is discussed about the implementation and assessment of the Food Safety Management System