Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Kvalitativni pristup u kriminološkim istraživanjima
Get PDFThis paper summarizes the findings of voluminous methodological literature, as well as our concrete research experience, achieved through conducting many projects, in which the qualitative approach was used either exclusively or complemented by the quantitative approach. The considerable heterogeneity of theoretical concepts within which qualitative research is planned and implemented has caused the emergence of numerous variations of the qualitative approach in research practice. In this review of the main elements of the qualitative research approach, applied to criminological investigations, we will ignore some of these differences and present them in a somewhat simplified form, with the enumeration of common bases and principles. After a short review of the application of the quantitative and qualitative approaches to research in criminology and a summary of the chief features of the qualitative research approach, we will present the key elements of shaping research design and describe the selection of data collection methods, as well as procedures for their analysis in the qualitative studies of criminological phenomena.U tekstu se rezimiraju nalazi obimne metodološke literature, kao i naša konkretna istraživačka iskustva, sticana kroz sprovođenje velikog broja projekata u kojima je kvalitativni pristup primenjivan kao jedini ili komplementarno sa kvantitativnim. Velika heterogenost teorijskih koncepata u čijim se okvirima planiraju i sprovode kvalitativna istraživanja, dovela je do toga da se u istraživačkoj praksi pojavljuju brojne varijacije kvalitativnog pristupa. U ovom prikazu glavnih elemenata kvalitativnog istraživačkog pristupa, primenjenog u kriminološkim istraživanjima, apstrahovaćemo neke od tih razlika i prikazati ih u pojednostavljenom obliku, uz navođenje zajedničkih osnova i principa. Nakon kratkog pregleda primene kvantitativnog i kvalitativnog istraživačkog pristupa u kriminologiji i sumiranja glavnih karakteristika kvalitativnog istraživačkog pristupa, iznećemo glavne elemente uobličavanja nacrta istraživanja, opisati izbor metoda za prikupljanje podataka, kao i postupke njihove analize u kvalitativnim istraživanjima kriminoloških fenomena
Strah od kriminala u glavnim gradovima bivših jugoslovenskih republika
Get PDFAlthough the fear of crime has been the subject of intensive study carried out by criminologists and sociologists in other countries for more than four decades, domestic theoretical and empirical examination of this complex phenomenon is almost nonexistent. The main objectives of this study are determining the prevalence and possible differences in the fear of crime among the residents of major cities of the former Yugoslav republics. The analysis uses data collected as part of the regional research project 'The Fear of Crime in Large Cities'. The method of interviewing in households using a specially created questionnaire is applied on a multi-stage random sample of 1977 adult respondents living in urban areas of the cities. By choosing the appropriate questionnaire items, three scales to measure affective, cognitive and behavioral dimensions of the fear of crime and a unified scale of the general construct were madefor the purpose of this study. All scales have high internal consistency reliability. The results show that a significant percentage of people who exhibit a high level of the fear of crime are present in all cities, regardless of the size of the dimension tested. Higher prevalence of the fear of crime is determined by measuring the extent of affective and up to a point behavioral dimension, while the prevalence of fear of crime is slightly lower on the level of the cognitive dimension. Statistically significant differences in the level of fear of crime among residents of cities studied are identified on all scales.Iako je strah od kriminala već više od četiri decenije predmet intenzivnog proučavanja od strane inostranih kriminologa i sociologa, kod nas gotovo da izostaju teorijska i empirijska razmatranja ovog kompleksnog fenomena. Osnovni ciljevi ovog rada bili su utvrđivanje prevalencije i eventualnih razlika u strahu od kriminala među stanovnicima glavnih gradova bivših jugoslovenskih republika. U analizi su korišćeni podaci prikupljeni u okviru regionalnog istraživačkog projekta 'Strah od kriminala u velikim gradovima'. Na višeetapnom slučajnom uzorku od 1977 punoletnih ispitanika koji žive u urbanim delovima gradova primenjena je metoda intervjuisanja u domaćinstvima, uz korišćenje posebno kreiranog anketnog upitnika. Izborom odgovarajućih stavki upitnika sačinjene su, za potrebe ovoga rada, tri skale za merenje afektivne, kognitivne i bihejvioralne dimenzije straha od kriminala i jedna objedinjena skala opšteg konstrukta. Sve skale su imale visoku pouzdanost interne konzistencije. Rezultati istraživanja su pokazali da je u svim gradovima, nezavisno od ispitivane dimenzije, prisutan značajan procenat stanovnika koji ispoljavaju relativno visok nivo straha od kriminala. Viša prevalencija straha od kriminala utvrđena je merenjem afektivne i donekle bihejvioralne dimenzije, dok je na nivou kognitivne dimenzije prevalencija straha od kriminala bila nešto niža. Na svim skalama utvrđene su statistički značajne razlike u nivou straha od kriminala među stanovnicima ispitivanih gradova
Razlike u sticanju međunarodnog legitimiteta Palestine i KiM
Get PDFDifferencies of two entities in gaining international legitimacy and possibilities of acting are due to the two set of factors: force of the outside actors promoting and opposing them, and according to the will, behaviour and international position of the country that legally controls the territory in which entity is being constituted. Arguments they use are partially equal but many others differ. History, geopolitical location and importance of their status for the changing world order are favoring quick rise of Albanian criminal state to the prominence. Impossibility of obtaining legal secession makes pathway toward internationalisaion and seekng international confirmation of statehood – international legitimacy
Ljudska prava i ljudska bezbednost
Get PDFHuman security has become a part of national security strategies despite its lack of unique definitions and approaches. There is no question about the connection between human security and human rights because both concepts put human beings into focus. This paper attempts to analyze the relationship between human security and human rights by answering whether security itself can be considered a human right. Human rights can be seen as a conceptual framework or normative basis of human rights, which delineate and concretize human security. On the other hand, as a part of national security strategies, human security can create a stronger obligation for national security systems regarding human rights. Human rights are a key reference object for human security, but also the analytic frame for the assessment of risks, threats, and other security challenges. Human security based on human rights has a stronger chance to be adopted and disseminated, and human rights, as a part of human security, are more likely to be observed and respected.Ljudska bezbednost ušla je u bezbednosne strategije mnogih država i pored svoje nedovoljne teorijske određenosti i nedoumica oko njenog značenja, dometa i praktične upotrebljivosti. Povezanost ljudske bezbednosti i ljudskih prava je neupitna, jer oba koncepta u svoje središte postavljaju ljudsko biće. U ovom radu analizira se odnos ljudske bezbednosti i ljudskih prava kroz pokušaj da se da odgovor na pitanje da li se i sama bezbednost može smatrati ljudskim pravom. Ljudska prava se mogu posmatrati kao pojmovni okvir i normativna osnova ljudskih prava, čime se polje ljudske bezbednosti omeđuje i konkretizuje. Sa druge strane, ljudska bezbednost, kao deo bezbednosnih strategija država, može stvoriti jaču obavezu sistemima nacionalne bezbednosti u zaštiti ljudskih prava. Ljudska prava za ljudsku bezbednost predstavljaju ključni referentni objekt, ali i analitički okvir u proceni bezbednosnih izazova, rizika i pretnji. Pristup ljudskoj bezbednosti koji je zasnovan na ljudskim pravima ima mnogo više šanse da bude široko prihvaćen i delotvoran, a ljudska prava kao deo ljudske bezbednosti imaju veću šansu da budu primenjena i poštovana
Politika zaštite obrazovno-vaspitnog sistema - analiza i predlozi za unapređenje
Get PDFIn previous research we were dealing with the national interest as an analytical concept, where we gave a detailed review of different relevant authors’ perspectives about the concept of national interest, and provided with suggestions for the analysis of the national interests of the Republic of Serbia, through analysis of the National Security Strategy, analysis of keynote addresses of Prime Minister nominees, and analysis of statements from official Government representatives. We also gave a review of two most common tools for analysis of national interests – matrices developed by Joseph Frankel and Donald E. Nuechterlein in 1970s, and we focused on Nuechterlein’s division of national interest by two criteria. The first one identifies basic interests of one state (defense, economy, world order, and ideology), and the second one identifies the intensity of the former (existential, vital, major, and peripheral). In this paper, we analyzed the national interest of the Republic of Serbia in a manner stated through keynote addresses (Government programmes) of Prime Minister Nominees from 2071 to 2017, which included eight Programmes overall. The main objective of this paper was to test the cognitive potential of the national interest, with the basic hypothesis that the national interest of small states is linked with the so-called “hard core of national interest” as implied by the Realists (Morgenthau), which is related to the issues of survival. First we gave a review of the thematization of small states in Realist literature, where we recognized the key period when small states became a focus of research for several theorists (Robert Rothstein, Annette B. Fox, Robert O. Keohane, Peter R. Baehr, Miriam F. Elman, and Kenneth Waltz). Then we gave a brief recapitulation of the importance of national interest as an analytical concept, with an end view of Frankel’s and Nuechterlein’s contribution to the development of its analytical potential. We have chosen the Nuechterlein’s matrix, so that our scope for analysis was the Adjusted Nuechterlein’s matrix – the world order interests for great powers were reduced to the level of regions for small states. In case of Serbia, it is the “Western Balkans” and Europe. The Adjusted Nuechterlein matrix was then applied to operationalized structure of these addresses (Programmes). We conducted the qualitative analysis of the Keynote addresses’ content, firstly through the list of priorities given, then through the analysis of how the author of the Programme labeled specific issue (“of high priority”, “of utmost importance”, etc.), and lastly, in what context the expression “national interest” have been used. In the analysis of the national interest of the Republic of Serbia through Government programmes, we considered the following conditions: the state strength through small states concept in International Relations theories, and the specificities of the Republic of Serbia in relation to immediate (“Western Balkans”) and wider (European) environment. Our findings showed us that there are two regularly mentioned priorities of the highest intensity (existential interests): Kosovo and Metohija, and the process of accession to the European Union, with a few more priorities only once mentioned as the highest ones – demographical issue and energy security. Combined existential and vital included the fight against organized crime and corruption, economic recovery, and the improvement of relations with neighboring countries. Our conclusion is that existential interests are primarily focused on values related to survival, which is in accordance with the Realist “hard core of international relations”
Metodološki i politički izazovi u proučavanju kriza i katastrofa
Get PDFSince ancient times, people have dealt with crises and disasters, and tried to avoid these events and mitigate and minimize their consequences. Over the time, the concept of crisis is developed, but the crisis management concept as a product of the XX century. The authors present the theoretical sources of crisis management and anlyse crisis as a theoretical problem and a challenge for research. Special attention is given to the observation of the crisis in the political context, giving the possible theoretical and methodological framework for the study of crises and disaster. Public management in crisis and disaster management is becoming increasingly important and essential task of contemporary society. By the fact that it represents a serious threat to the structure of political or safety systems, the management crisis involves the strategic knowledge, prediction and control of the uncertain situation at all levels.Od najstarijih vremena ljudi su se susretali sa krizama i katastrofama i pokušavali da ove događaje izbegnu i njihove posledice ublaže i umanje. Tokom vremena je razvijen koncept krize, ali je krizni menadžment kao koncept proizvod HH veka. Autori prezentuju teorijske izvore kriznog menadžmenta i razmatraju krizu kao teorijski problem i izazov za istraživanje. Posebna pažnja se posvećuje posmatranju krize u političkom kontekstu. Daje se i mogući teorijsko metodološki okvir za istraživanje kriza i katastrofa. Javna uprava danas ima sve značajniji zadatak da upravljanje u kriznim situacijama katastrofama koje predstavljaju ozbiljnu pretnju strukturi političkih ili bezbednost sistema, tako da upravljanje krizama podrazumeva strateško znanje, predviđanje i kontrolu nad neizvesnim situacijama na svim nivoima
Community Policing and Local Self-Government: A Case Study of Serbia
No full textThe concept of community policing is based on constant consultations between the police and the local self-government and a complex system of preventative responses. A qualitative approach has been applied in a rural community based on the analysis of administrative documents from 2003 to 2011, direct observation and a survey examining the attitudes of 65 police officers who participated directly in the project implementation. The major findings include the existence of a centralized police model and traditional policing, the resistance of low and middle managers to change and the absence of continuous consultations between the police and local self-government
Turska politika prema Srbiji i Zapadnom Balkanu u kontekstu aktuelnih međunarodnih i regionalnih trendova
Get PDFZbornik radova sa međunarodne naučne konferencije „Unapređenje bilateralnih odnosa Republike Srbije sa državama Jugoistočne Evrope“, Beograd, 8-9. oktobar 2012. godin
Policing in multiethnic Serbia
No full textDuring the civil wars in former Yugoslavia very serious ethnic tensions arose in Serbia. In these circumstances a number of non-Serb police officers, and managers, were excluded from the police, because of their national origin. After democratic changes in October 2000, the reform of the police was launched. The police are still not representative of the population of Serbia in terms of ethnic structure, although it was one of the reform goals. The most important findings of the research conducted in 2006 regarding relations of the police and certain ethnic minorities are described in the paper