Procter & Gamble (United Kingdom)
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Euthanasia: Murder or Not: A Comparative Approach
No full textBackground: Euthanasia is one of the most intriguing ethical, medical and law issues that marked whole XX century and beginning of the XXI century, sharply dividing scientific and unscientific public to its supporters and opponents. It also appears as one of the points where all three major religions (Catholic, Orthodox, and Islamic) have the same view. They are strongly against legalizing mercy killing, emphasizing the holiness of life as a primary criterion by which the countries should start in their considerations. Studying criminal justice systems in the world, the authors concluded that the issue of deprivation of life from compassion is solved on three ways. On the first place, we have countries where euthanasia is murder like any other murder from the criminal codes. Second, the most numerous are states where euthanasia is murder committed under privilege circumstances. On the third place, in the Western Europe we have countries where euthanasia is a legal medical procedure, under requirements prescribed by the law. In this paper, authors have made a brief comparison of the solutions that exist in some Islamic countries, where euthanasia is a murder, with Western countries, where it represents completely decriminalized medical procedure
Uticaj 'majskih poplava' na stanje ljudske bezbednosti u Republici Srbiji
Get PDFUpon recognizing new forms of security threats and foreseeing the events following the fall of the Berlin Wall, the researchers of the United Nations Development Program suggested, in 1994, an alternative approach to the concept of security and named it human security. Shifting the focus in their analysis of the security from the state security to the universal security problems of the entire world population, the authors of the concept previously mentioned have defined seven features relevant to the determination of the security level or the lack of it in some areas. Those features are as follows: economic security; food security; health security; environmental security; personal security; security of the community and political security. The situation with the flooding in the Republic of Serbia in May 2014 provided an opportunity to use an analytical approach within the concept of human security in order to determine the flaws of the system which contributed to the severity in terms of lives lost and damage in property in flood struck areas. It is also possible to analyze the impact of the flooding upon the security of the people residing in the flood struck areas by using the seven-feature model. The flood has without a doubt challenged the security of the people in a multitude of ways, and due to the limited space the authors have focused on the aspects of human security which proved to have borne the most negative effects of the flooding.Uočavajući nove oblike ugrožavanja bezbednosti i anticipirajući razvoj događaja nakon pada Berlinskog zida, istraživači Programa za razvoj Ujedinjenih nacija su, sada već davne 1994. godine, predložili alternativni koncept bezbednosti pod nazivom ljudska bezbednost. Pomerajući fokus pri analizi stanja bezbednosti sa države na univerzalne probleme svih građana sveta, autori pomenutog koncepta su identifikovali sedam dimenzija relevantnih za određenje stanja bezbednosti, odnosno nebezbednosti na određenom prostoru. Te dimenzije su: ekonomska bezbednost; bezbednost hrane; bezbednost zdravlja; ekološka bezbednost; lična bezbednost; bezbednost zajednice i politička bezbednost. Slučaj prošlogodišnjih majskih poplava u Republici Srbiji daje priliku da se putem analitičkog okvira datog u konceptu ljudske bezbednosti utvrde sistemski nedostaci koji su uticali na obim stradanja i visinu šteta na pogođenim prostorima. Takođe, moguće je putem sedmodimenzionalnog modela izvršiti analizu uticaja poplava na bezbednost građana koji žive na prostorima koje su u maju 2014. godine pogodile poplave. Poplavni talas je nesumnjivo višestruko ugrozio bezbednost građana, a zbog ograničenog prostora autori su akcentirali one aspekte ljudske bezbednosti u okviru kojih su negativni efekti poplava najindikativniji
Specifičnosti savremenog integrisanog sistema upravljanja u vanrednim situacijama
Get PDFUntil early 1980s, the main aim of the existing system for the management in the state of emergency was the Continuity of Government (CoG). A few years later a new program of Comprehensive Emergency Management (CEM), which was conceptually clearer and wider, was adopted. This program indicated that government and the state had reoriented their relation to different dangerous situations which may endanger the civilians and the entire society. In the theoretical and practical sense, a different course was taken with respect to natural, industrial and other dangers. The lack of the precise formulation of the role of each subject in the comprehensive emergency management demanded the definition of the new program. This was the reason for the greatest number of states to determine a more precise and original model of the Integrated Emergency Management System (IEMS). This program should put the emphasis on the civil readiness of the state, in regard to all potential risks and threats, but at the same time it should have ensure that the states subjects at each level achieve the integrated cooperation in the sense of the coordination regardless of the danger in question. Bearing in mind In regard to the changed security environment, and the efforts which the national states were making to create the integrated response to the states of emergency, the EU has developed a large number of instruments to make an integrated response to the emergency situations. The establishment of European Emergency Response Capacity on the basis of the property of the member states and the development of the European Emergency Response Centre (EERC) were proposed as the base of the response strategy in emergency situations. The main component in the integrated security sector and the management of the states of emergency in Bulgaria is the command and control system C-2. The crucial element is the integration of the horizontal and vertical services on the national, regional and international levels and the factor which shows their mutual functioning and networking.Sve do ranih osamdesetih godina dvadesetog veka glavni cilj postojećeg sistema za upravljanje u vanrednim situacijama bio je kontinuitet funkcionisanja državnih organa (Continuity of Government - CoG). Kao konceptualno jasniji i širi program, nekoliko godina kasnije usvojen je novi program sveobuhvatnog upravljanja vanrednim situacijama (Comprehensive Emergency Management - CEM). Ovaj program je označio preorijentaciju u odnosu vlade i države prema različitim opasnostima koje mogu da ugroze građane i društvo u celini. U teorijskom i praktičnom smislu definisano je drugačije usmerenje prema prirodnim, industrijskim i drugim opasnostima. Nedostatak precizne formulacije koja je uloga svih subjekata u sveobuhvatnom upravljanju vanrednim situacijama zahtevao je definisanje novog programa. Većina država se iz tih razloga opredelila za precizniji i originalniji model integrisanog upravlja- nja vanrednim situacijama (Integrated Emergency Management System - IEMS). Ovaj program je trebalo da stavi naglasak na civilnu pripravnost države u odnosu na sve potencijalne rizike i pretnje, ali da istovremeno obezbedi da različiti nivoi i subjekti u državi ostvare integrisanu saradnju u pogledu koordinacije u svim vrstama opasnosti. Imajući u vidu promenjeno bezbednosno okruženje i napore nacionalnih država u kreiranju integrisanog odgovora na vanredne sitaucije, EU je razvila niz instrumenata za integrisani odgovor na vanredne situacije. Stvaranje Evropskog kapaciteta za odgovor u katastrofama (European Emergency Response Capacity) na temelju imovine država članica, kao i razvoj Evropskog centra za odgovor u katastrofama (European Emergency Response Centre - EERC) predloženi su kao osnov strategije odgovora na vanredne situacije. Ključna komponenta u integrisanom sektoru bezbednosti i upravljanju vanrednim situacijama u Bugarskoj jeste komandni i kontrolni sistem (Command and control system C-2). To je suštinski element horizontalne i vertikalne integracije službi na nacionalnom, regionalnom i međunarodnom nivou, i faktor koji pokazuje njihovu međusobnu operativnost i umreženost
Povrede ljudskih prava od strane korporacija i mogućnosti krivičnopravne zaštite
Get PDFCorporate crime became a serious criminal phenomenon on a national, regional, and global level. The fact that a large number of states have decided to start punishing corporations with criminal sanctions is the result of an objective examination of social reality, which has unequivocally shown that serious crimes are continually committed on behalf of and for the benefit of legal persons, and that those acts inflict serious damage to states, society, and individual rights. This paper explains the concept and the main characteristics of corporate crime and presents its similarities with and differences from related forms of criminal conduct. The violation of human rights by legal persons is classified according to the object of criminal-law protection, i.e. according to the nature and importance of the right that has been violated. Review and analysis of paradigmatic examples of threats and violations of human rights include criminal activities of legal entities in the fields of protection of life, liberty and security, political rights, environmental and human health, and the right to safe and healthy work. The paper then presents prominent cases of corporate violations of human rights and analyzes the concept of corporate criminal liability as an adequate response to the challenges of corporate crime. Finally, the paper provides an overview of Serbian criminal legislation in this field.Kriminalitet pravnih lica postao je ozbiljan kriminalni fenomen na nacionalnom, regionalnom i globalnom planu, a kršenja ljudskih prava kojima se ispunjavaju obeležja bića pojedinih krivičnih dela, samo su deo ukupnog kriminalnog delovanja mnogih korporacija širom sveta. Autori ekspliciraju pojam i osnovne karakteristike kriminaliteta korporacija, analizirajući njegove sličnosti i razlike sa srodnim kriminalnim fenomenima, a zatim prikazuju poznate slučajeve krivičnih dela protiv sloboda i prava čoveka i građanina, učinjena u ime i za račun korporativnih ekonomskih giganata. Autori klasifikuju povrede ljudskih prava od strane pravnih lica po objektu krivičnopravne zaštite, to jest po vrsti i značaju povređenog prava. Prikaz i analiza paradigmatičnih primera ugrožavanja i povrede ljudskih prava obuhvataju kriminalno delovanje pravnih lica u oblastima zaštite života, slobode i bezbednosti, političkih prava, zaštite životne sredine i zdravlja ljudi, te prava na bezbedan i zdrav rad. Nakon toga, autori se fokusiraju na analizu mogućnosti krivičnopravne rekacije, imajući prevashodno u vidu uvođenje odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela kao adekvatan legislativan odgo-vor izazovima kriminaliteta korporacija. Konačno, autori prikazuju i analiziraju domaće pozitivnopravne norme o odgovornosti pravnih lica za krivična dela
Uloga Savske komisije u unapređivanju bezbednosti u jugoistočnoj Evropi
Get PDFThe International Sava River Basin Commission (ISBRC) or Sava Commission is an international organization that has been established for the purpose of the implementation of the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin (FASRB) to reach the following goals: establishment of an international regime of navigation on the Sava River, establishment of sustainable water management and undertaking of measures to prevent or limit hazards and hazard related consequences, including those from floods, ice hazards, droughts and accidents involving hazardous substances. In the civil security area the ISRBC activities are mostly related to the information and data exchange between the Parties, including activities aimed at creating basis for implementing the EU Floods Directive. The area of the ISRBC work primarily includes prevention and preparedness aspects of the crisis cycle management.Međunarona komisija za sliv reke Save (The International Sava River Basin Commission - ISBRC) ili Savska komisija predstavlja međunarodnu organizaciju koja je osnovana radi sprovođenja Okvirnog sporazuma o slivu reke Save (the Framework Agreement on the Sava River Basin - FASRB) kako bi se postigli sledeći ciljevi: uspostavljanje međunarodnog režima plovidbe rekom Savom, uspostavljanje održivog upravljanja vodama i preduzimanje mera za sprečavanje opasnosti i njihovih posledica, uključujući opsnosti od poplave, leda, suše i akcidenata sa opasnim materijama. U oblasti civilne bezbednosti, aktivnosti Savske komisije uglavnom su vezane za razmenu informacija i podataka između zemalja potpisnica, uključujući i aktivnosti na stvaranju osnove za primenu Direktive EU o poplavama. Delatnost Komisije uglavnom je vezana za preventivne i pripremne aspekte kriznog menadžmenta
Role and capacities of local community in environmental security - on example of polluted drinking water in municipality of Užice
Get PDFEnvironmental security is integral part of human security. It includes consideration of environmental degradation problems and problems with insufficient natural resources. These problems can bring conflicts as much as endanger the human security. Environmental security is focused on civil security from irresponsible water, air, soil and wildlife pollution as much as civil security from inefficient institution for law enforcement. Systematic changes in all segments of modern society, also in environmental field, assert increasingly important role of local community. In this study we show jurisdiction, role and capacities local community in environmental security in Republic of Serbia. Especially is considered role and capacities of protection and rescue system subjects in municipality of Uzice during drinking water pollution
Modern Slavery - Trafficking in human beings in Serbia
No full textDrawing on a unique collection of both quantitative and qualitative data related to human trafficking, the paper attempts to evaluate not only the dynamics, forms and patterns of human trafficking in Serbia, but also the development of a national legal frame-work in the country. The most important factors that contribute to human trafficking in Serbia are its geographical position, poor social and economic conditions, and social marginalisation of vulnerable groups on one hand and, the ineffective functioning of state institutions in the eradication and prevention of human trafficking on the other
Rodno osetljiv jezik - iskustva iz Vojske Srbije
Get PDFThis paper discusses examples of gender sensitive job qualifications, with the emphasis on jobs and ranks of professional military personnel. It provides the most common reasons for and against these qualifications, as well as a brief review of professional debates in this field. The results of the analysis of data obtained by the research conducted in the defense system of the Republic of Serbia show that there is a general hostility towards the introduction of gender-sensitive addressing to service women. It has been noticed that this hostility is larger in younger than in older military personnel, which is explained by fear from competition and fear from negative reaction of close environment to new rules of addressing.U radu su razmatrani primeri rodno osvešćenih kvalifikacija zanimanja, naročito zanimanja i činova profesionalnih vojnih lica. Pruženi su najčešći razlozi za i protiv ovih kvalifikacija, kao i pregled stručnih rasprava na ovu temu. Analizom podataka dobijenih u istraživanju koje je sprovedeno u sistemu odbrane Republike Srbije došlo se do rezultata koji pokazuju da postoji generalna odbojnost prema uvođenju rodno osetljivog obraćanja pripadnicama sistema odbrane. Uočeno je da je ova odbojnost izraženija kod mlađih pripadnika nego kod starijih, što se objašnjava strahom od konkurencije i strahom od negativne reakcije bliskog okruženja na nova pravila
