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A Research on the Activities Carried out by Public Administration Units after the 06 February Earthquakes: The Case of Kahta
No full textIn the context of this research, which was prepared in order to investigate the level of participation of the staff of the Kahta Youth and Sports District Directorate, which is one of the provincial organisations of the Ministry of Youth and Sports, in which activities they participated in after the 6 February earthquakes and the level of effect of the volunteer factor on this participation, literature information about the Turkish public administration and the Ministry of Youth and Sports was given first. In the next section, information about the Ministry of Youth and Sports and the Kahta District Directorate is given. In the analysis part of the study, a questionnaire survey was conducted on the diversity of activities in which the staff of the Kahta District Directorate participated after the 6 February earthquakes, their level of volunteerism and their future expectations in an institutional sense. The research showed that the staff of the Kahta Youth and Sports District Directorate successfully fulfilled their role in public administration after the earthquake and provided a high level of participation in the urgent needs of society. The volunteer factor also played an important role in this participation
Bi-2212 Seramiklerinin Vickers Sertlik Testlerinden Çıkarılan Bazı Mekanik Özellikler Üzerine Barium Katkısının Etkisi
No full textIn this study, the variations of the basic mechanical performance properties (microhardness (Hv), elastic modulus, hardness shear modulus, brittleness index, yield strength, elastic hardness coefficient, fracture toughness, ductility, flexibility and durability) of new Bi2.1-xBaxSr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy (Bi-2212) superconducting materials produced by doping different amounts (ranging from 0.0?x?0.1) of barium ions into the crystal matrix of Bi-2212 superconducting material were investigated in detail by microindentation Vickers hardness (Hv) tests in the applied load range 0.245N-2.940 N. In addition, the change of resistance to crack propagation, durable tetragonal phase, mechanical efficiency and mechanical characteristics of the Bi-2212 ceramic system with Ba/Bi partial substitution in the crystal structure was determined. According to experimental and theoretical findings, the overall mechanical performance of the Bi-2212 superconducting crystal structure increased significantly up to the Ba/Bi replacement level of x=0.01, while a systematic reduction was observed after this substitution ratio. Furthermore, the optimum presence of barium in the crystal lattice let to the formation of new slip systems within the structure, new bond formations between atoms, reduction of stress regions on the surface and rise at strength and fracture toughness. Besides, the optimum level resulted in improved material crystal quality and intergranular bonding. When the mechanical characteristic behavior was examined, it was found that all materials presented the typical indentation size effect (ISE) characteristic and there was a significant improvement in ISE characteristic at the optimum replacement ratio.Bu çalışmada Bi2.1Sr2.0Ca1.1Cu2.0Oy (Bi-2212) süperiletken malzemesinin kristal matrisine farklı miktarlarda (0,0?x?0,1 arasında değişen) baryum iyonu katkılayıp üretilen yeni Bi-2212 materyallerin temel mekanik performans özelliklerinin (mikro sertlik (Hv), elastik modülü, sertlik kayma modülü, kırılganlık indeksi, akma dayanımı, elastik sertlik katsayısı, kırılma tokluğu, süneklik, esneklik ve dayanıklılık) değişimleri 0,245N-2,940 N uygulanan yük aralığında mikroindentasyon Vickers sertlik (Hv) testleri ile detaylı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, kristal yapıya Ba/Bi kısmi yer değiştirme ile Bi-2212 seramik sistemin çatlak ilerlemesine karşı direnç, dayanıklı tetragonal faz, mekanik verim ve mekanik karakteristik özelliklerin değişimi belirlenmiştir. Deneysel ve teorik bulgulara göre, Bi-2212 süperiletken kristal yapının genel mekanik performansı Ba/Bi yer değiştirme miktarı x=0,01’e kadar önemli miktarda artarken bu yer değiştirme oranından sonra sistematik bir azalma gözlemlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda optimum düzeyde katkılanan baryum kristal yapıdaki dislokasyon hareketlerini kısıtladığı ve dislokasyon çevresindeki kafes şekil değişimine neden olduğu bulunmuştur. Dahası, optimum miktar materyal kristal kalitesinin ve taneler arasındaki bağlantının iyileşmesine neden olmuştur. Mekanik karakteristik davranışlarına incelendiğinde, tüm materyallerin tipi çentik boyut etkisi (ÇBE) karakterini sunduğu ve optimum yer değiştirme durumunda ÇBE karakteristiğinde ciddi bir gelişme olduğu bulunmuştur
Effect of post-oxidation times in the nitrocarburizing process on the wear behavior of an AISI 4140 steel
No full textThis study investigates the influence of post-oxidation duration on the wear performance and microstructural features of AISI 4140 steel subjected to nitrocarburizing followed by post-oxidation. For this aim, the quenched and tempered AISI 4140 samples were nitrocarburized (NC) and post-oxidized (PO) at various times (45-180 min) under low vacuum. Microstructural features were investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum analysis (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and microhardness test. Wear behavior was evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer. Experimental results showed that the structures consisting of nitride layer (epsilon-Fe2-3N) and gamma '-Fe4N + iron oxide (Fe3O4) were obtained at the top surfaces of the samples. Increasing post-oxidation times resulted in a notable enhancement in the thickness of the Fe3O4 layer. The growing Fe3O4 layer has induced the closing of micro porosities for further post-oxidizing times, leading to decreased surface roughness of the samples. It was determined that the post-oxidation times have no significant effect on the hardness profiles of NC + PO samples. The highest (0.375) and lowest (0.276) mean coefficient of friction was obtained in the post-oxidation times of 150 and 180 min, respectively. The best wear rate was obtained in the post-oxidized sample for 150 min.Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of Turkey (KOSGEB) [2019/10/6, 6570]; Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of TurkeyThe authors would like to thank the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Organization of Turkey (KOSGEB No: 2019/10/6;6570) for financial support of this study
Natural flavonoids as promising lactate dehydrogenase A inhibitors: Comprehensive in vitro and in silico analysis
No full textThe inhibitory potential of 17 flavonoids on lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA), a key enzyme in the downstream process of aerobic glycolysis in cancer cells, is investigated. Fisetin exhibited excellent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.066 mu M). Quercetin 3-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, luteolin, neoeriocitrin, and luteolin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside showed good inhibitory activity (IC50 = 1.397-15.730 mu M). Biochanin A, baicalein, quercetin, scutellarein-7-glucuronide, diosmetin, baicalein 7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, and apigenin 7-apioglucoside demonstrated moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 33.007-86.643 mu M). Eriodictyol, quercetin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, apigenin 7-O-beta-D-glucoside, and epicatechin were inactive. The Lineweaver-Burk plot showed that fisetin competitively inhibits NADH binding (Ki = 0.024 mu M). Ki values for other compounds were calculated using the Cheng-Prusoff equation (Ki = 0.2799-2.1661 mu M). The study revealed that the inhibitory effect of flavonoids varies with the number and position of OH groups and bound sugars. Molecular docking analyses indicated that flavonoids exhibited strong interactions with the NADH binding site of LDHA through hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds. Molecular dynamic simulations tested the stability of the fisetin-LDHA complex over 100 ns and showed fisetin's high binding affinity to LDHA, maintaining strong hydrogen bonds. The binding energy of fisetin with LDHA was -33.928 kcal/mol, indicating its effectiveness as an LDHA inhibitor. Consequently, flavonoids identified as strong inhibitors could be potential cancer treatment sources through LDHA inhibition. Fisetin, quercetin 3-beta-D-glucoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, and luteolin are shown to exhibit powerful inhibition effects, with IC50 values between 0.066 and 1.792 mu M. The details of possible interactions with the active site of lactate dehydrogenase A were analyzed by molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation. imageAll experimental studies were carried out at Krkkale University Scientific and Technological Researches Application and Research Centre Directorate (KuBTUAM)
Thermodynamic Analysis of Liquid Steel Production in an ElectricArc Furnace
No full textDemir-Çelik sektörünün Dünyadaki toplam enerji üretiminin, yaklaşık olarak %12'sini kullanması, sektörde enerji tasarrufu yöntemlerinin ne anlama geldiğini çok iyi ortaya koymaktadır. Bu noktada enerji tasarruflarında oldukça yaygın olarak kullanılan termodinamiğin birinci yasasına göre tanımlanmış enerji verimi ile birlikte, süreç boyunca enerji kalitesindeki farklılaşmaya bağlı olarak daha niteliksel sonuçlar veren, termodinamiğin ikinci yasası uygulamaları, oldukça fazla önem ifade etmektedir.Bu çalışmada alaşımlı çelik üretimi yapan bir firmada kullanılan, elektrik ark fırınında(EAF), bir cins çelik üretim için termodinamik analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, termodinamiğin birinci yasasına göre sistemde enerji analizi ile termodinamiğin ikinci yasasına göre tespit edilen iş potansiyellerinin hesabı ve tersinir iş elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonunda da her iki analizden yararlanarak da hurda ön ısıtma sistemi, baca gazları, fırından çıkan tozlar ve soğutma suyu ile ilgili sonuçlara yer verilmiştirThe fact that the Iron and Steel sector uses approximately 12% of the world's total energy production clearly demonstrates the meaning of energy saving methods in the sector. At this point, along with the energy efficiency defined according to the first law of thermodynamics, which is widely used in energy savings, the applications of the second law of thermodynamics, which gives more qualitative results depending on the variation in energy quality throughout the process, are of great importance.In this study, thermodynamic analysis is applied to electric arc furnace (EAF) which is used at a steel company. The company has a very considerable position in producing of alloy steels in Turkey. In this regard, energy analysis and availability analysis are carried out for EAF according to first and second laws of thermodynamics. The scrap pre-heating system, stack gases, dusts and cooling water leaving the furnace are investigated by using analysis of thermodynamics
The profile beyond leg pain: In basis of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with chronic venous disease
No full textObjective: Leg pain has long been underestimated despite being one of the most important symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Studies investigating leg pain and psychosocial profile in CVD are limited. The study aimed to investigate leg pain, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with CVD. Methods: The ninety-eight patients (80 female, 18 male) diagnosed with CVD were included in the study. The severity of leg pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A and B) for central sensitization-related symptoms and -positivity, the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) for body awareness, and the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) for kinesiophobia. The cut-off score was admitted as 41 for TKS. Results: The leg pain (mean (SD) = 4.3 +/- 2) and body awareness (mean (SD) = 82.4 +/- 22) were moderate levels in patients with CVD. Nearly half of the patients (n = 46, 46.9%) had both central sensitization positivity and elevated kinesiophobia (n = 46, 47%). The CSI was correlated with the VAS (r = 0.32, p = .001), TKS (r = 0.40, p = 41-points had higher CSI-A scores (p = .002) than those with a TKS score< 41. Conclusions: Leg pain, central sensitization, and kinesiophobia are commonly seen in patients with CVD, and central sensitization seems to have a negative effect on leg pain, kinesiophobia, and body awareness. The profile beyond pain should be evaluated in detail, and various rehabilitation strategies need to be developed to manage central sensitization, interoception, kinesiophobia, and weight control in patients with CVD.The authors would like to thank all patients who participated in the study
Experimental investigation of the machining parameters of the friction drilling method
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Makine Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışmada, geleneksel olmayan bir imalat yöntemi olan sürtünmeli delme yöntemi (SDY) ile 50x50 mm ölçülerinde ve 4 mm kalınlığında Al7075 malzemesine farklı takımlarla (30?, 45?, 60? konik bölgeli takımlar), farklı ilerleme hızlarında (20, 40, 60, ve 80 mm/min) ve farklı dönme hızlarında (1800, 2400, 3000, 3600 rpm) dönme hızlarında delikler delinmiş ve ardından ovalama kılavuzu ile M8 diş açılmıştır. Bu numuneler çekme ve mikro sertlik testlerine tabii tutulmuştur. Yapılan deneyler sonucunda, dönme hızı arttıkça mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti değerlerinin azaldığı görülmüştür. 60 ve 80 mm/min ilerleme hızlarında benzer mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti değerleri elde edilmiştir. En yüksek mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti değerleri 40 mm/min ilerleme hızında elde edilirken en düşük mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti değerleri 20 mm/min ilerleme hızında elde edilmiştir. Tüm deneyler göz önüne alındığında en yüksek mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti 45° konik bölgeli takımda 40 mm/min ilerleme hızında ve 1800 rpm dönme hızında elde edilmiştir. En düşük mikro sertlik değeri, çekme kuvveti ve kopma mukavemeti ise 60° konik bölgeli takımda 20 mm/min ilerleme hızında ve 3600 rpm dönme hızında elde edilmiştir.In this study, M8 holes were drilled into Al7075 material with dimensions of 50x50 mm and a thickness of 4 mm using the friction drilling method (FDM), an unconventional manufacturing method. Different tools with conical zones of 30°, 45°, and 60° were used. Various feed rates (20, 40, 60, and 80 mm/min) and rotation speeds (1800, 2400, 3000, 3600 rpm) were applied. Subsequently, thread tapping was performed using a tapping guide. The samples were subjected to tensile and microhardness tests. The experimental results showed that as the rotation speed increased, the microhardness value, tensile strength, and breaking strength decreased. Similar microhardness values, tensile strength, and breaking strength were obtained at feed rates of 60 and 80 mm/min. The highest microhardness value, tensile strength, and breaking strength were achieved at a feed rate of 40 mm/min. The lowest values were obtained at a feed rate of 20 mm/min. Considering all the experiments, the highest microhardness value, tensile strength, and breaking strength were obtained with the 45° conical zone tool at a feed rate of 40 mm/min and a rotation speed of 1800 rpm. The lowest values were observed with the 60° conical zone tool at a feed rate of 20 mm/min and a rotation speed of 3600 rpm
EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AND NURSING CONSIDERATIONS OF CAROTID BLOWOUT SYNDROME
No full textIntroduction: Carotid blowout syndrome is a rare but fatal complication often witnessed secondary to treating patients with head and neck cancer. It occurs when damage and necrosis lead to the carotid artery wall rupture. The symptoms encountered in these patients range from asymptomatic to cardiac arrest. Here, we present 5 cases of carotid blowout syndrome in the emergency department. Case Presentations: Patients demonstrated symptoms ranging from subtle bleeding to hemodynamic instability, highlighting the diverse nature of carotid blowout syndrome in this population. Notably, while all patients had a history of radiotherapy, some had additional risk factors for carotid blowout syndrome, including prior surgery (n = 2), malnutrition (n = 3), and tracheostomies (n = 2). Definitive diagnoses were established through clinical evaluation and computed tomography angiography. Immediate interventions included bleeding control, resuscitation, and consultations with relevant specialties. Four patients underwent interventional radiology procedures, and 1 patient received otolaryngology care. While 2 patients recovered completely, 1 died in the emergency department, and 1 in the intensive care unit. One patient's clinical course was complicated by a stroke. Conclusion: The approach to the carotid blowout syndrome patient includes complex steps that proceed in a multidisci- plinary manner, starting from triage until discharge. Emergency nurses play crucial roles at every stage. They should be aware of carotid blowout syndrome when evaluating patients with head and neck cancer presenting with bleeding. When treating these patients, emergency nurses should be ready for airway in- terventions, bleeding control, and massive transfusion protocol. In this context, the multifaceted approaches made by nurses contribute significantly to carotid blowout syndrome manage- ment in the emergency department
Electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems and recent applications: An overview
No full textFiber technology plays a significant role in advancing drug research. While developing drug delivery systems, nanofiber technology has gained importance due to its high surface area to volume ratio and porosity. The most preferred nanofiber production method is the electrospinning method. This review focuses on electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems, including analysis of critical process parameters affecting electrospinning and nanofiber properties. Moreover, the design strategies for nanofiber drug delivery systems are explored, including equipment preferences and design types. Given to these design strategies, it is possible to design either nanofiber mat or nanofiber itself. It has been shown that a tailor-made drug delivery system can be prepared using axialbased nozzles and other equipment options. In addition, the prominent features and usage areas of frequently used polymers are mentioned. General characterization studies of post-production nanofibers are discussed. Examples of areas of use for pharmaceutical purposes are presented. Finally, drug release kinetics were evaluated on electrospun nanofiber drug delivery systems. As a result of exhaustive evaluations, various effective applications in the literature have been shown to achieve remarkable results such as drug release manipulation, drug targeting, self-assembling formulation strategies. Therefore, it is clear that in the field of electrospun nanofiber technology, it is possible to modify all the process options and develop a unique drug delivery product, thanks to a comprehensive evaluation of the critical quality parameters of the drug product
The effects of adding molasses and inoculant to silages of fodder pea and rye grass in different proportions on silage quality
No full textThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of adding melas and microbial inoculant to the mixed silages of different proportions fodder pea (FP) and rye grass (RG) grown in arid conditions on silage quality and in vitro digestibility. For this purpose, silages containing fodder pea and rye grass at 20, 40, 60, and 80% ratios were pre- pared in jars with additives 5% molasses and 10 g/ton inoculant (1.25x1011 CFU/g) and waited 60 days. At the end of the study, a significant difference was determined in the pH value, lactic acid (LA), acetic acid (AA), and ammonia -N levels among groups of the mixed silages (P<0.05). It was determined that inoculant was effective on the LA level (P<0.05). The interaction between mixture level and additive was observed at pH value, LA, and ammonia -N levels (P<0.05). In vitro digestibility, energy values, and nutrient contents of silages showed significant change among groups (P<0.05). While molasses significantly increased the dry matter levels, it decreased the acid detergent fiber (ADF) level (P<0.05). The interaction between mixture level and additive was observed at only neutral detergent fiber (NDF) level (P<0.05). While the structure was positively affected in silages containing 80% FP, the Flieg score decreased in silages containing 60% FP (P<0.05). With addition of molasses increased the Flieg score of silages, and it showed interaction between mixture level and additive (P<0.05).As a result, although mixed silages containing 80% FP had high ammo- nia -N, excellent fermentation was observed with low pH value and high LA level. In addition, although NDF and ADF levels increased, mixed silages with FP at 80% levels have higher in vitro digestibility and energy levels. Each of the additives had a positive effect on silages, but molasses was determined to be more effective.Kimath;rimath;kkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2017/041]The authors gratefully acknowledge K & imath;r & imath;kkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit for partial funding of this project with project number 2017/041