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Bilayer wound dressing composed of asymmetric polycaprolactone membrane and chitosan-carrageenan hydrogel incorporating storax balsam
No full textA comprehensive approach is needed to develop multifunctional wound dressing that is simple yet efficient. In this work, Liquidambar orientalis Mill. storax loaded hydroxyethyl chitosan (HECS)-carrageenan (kC) based hydrogel (HECS-kC) and polydopamine coated asymmetric polycaprolactone membrane (PCL-DOP) were used to develop a multifunctional and modular bilayer wound dressing. Asymmetric PCL-DOP membrane was prepared by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) followed by polydopamine coating and demonstrated an excellent barrier against bacteria while allowing permeability for 5.45 ppm dissolved-oxygen and 2130 g/m2 water vapor transmission in 24 h in addition to 805 kPa tensile strength. Storax loaded HECS-kC hydrogel, on the other hand, demonstrated a pH-responsive degradation and swelling to provide necessary conditions to facilitate wound healing. The hydrogels showed stretchability above 140 %, mild adhesive strength on sheep skin and PCLDOP membrane, while the storax incorporation enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Furthermore, rat full-thickness skin defect model showed that the developed bilayer wound dressing could significantly facilitate wound healing compared to TegadermTM and control groups. This study shows that the bilayered wound dressing has the potential to be used as a simple and effective wound care system.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBIbull;TAK 222S018]Funding This work was partially funded by Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey under the grant number TUBIcenter dotTAK 222S018
The Effect of Addiction Course on Nursing Students' Stigmatizing Attitudes Toward Individuals With Substance Use Disorder
No full textBackground The approach of nursing department students who will practice the nursing profession in the future, which they adopt for individuals with addiction, bears importance. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students who took the addiction course toward individuals with substance use disorder. Method The study was conducted in a single group in a pretest-posttest order. Necessary approvals (institution and ethics committee) were obtained to carry out the study. The study sample was made up of 76 students who took an addiction course in the 2020-2021 academic year and who agreed to participate in the research. A questionnaire form and the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale were used as data collection tools. Cronbach's alpha value of the scale was found as 0.90. In addition to descriptive statistics, the paired sample t test was used in the analysis of the data from the dependent groups. Results The mean age of the participating students was 21.2 +/- 0.73 years, and 93.4% were female. In the pretest, 10 (13.2%) students reported that they smoked, and seven students (9.2%) reported that they used alcohol. There were no individuals who used any substance other than cigarette or alcohol in the sample. The mean score of the students on the Alcohol and Substance Addiction Stigmatizing Attitudes Scale was 13.89 +/- 5.16 in the pretest and 7.34 +/- 5.51 in the posttest. This difference was found as statistically significant (p < .01). Conclusions It was established in this study that the addiction course reduced the stigmatizing attitudes of nursing students toward individuals with substance use disorder.We would like to express our gratitude to all the participants (students)
Periferik İntravenöz Kateter ile İlişkili Flebitin Önlenmesinde Hemşirelik Girişimlerinin Belirlenmesi: Sistematik Derleme
No full textBu sistematik derleme çalışması, periferik intravenöz kateter ile ilişkili flebitin önlenmesinde hemşirelik girişimlerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Taramalar Ocak- Şubat 2021 tarihleri arasında “Flebit ve önleme” ve “Phlebitis and prevention”, anahtar kelimeleri ile Türk Medline, Ulakbim, COCHRANE, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubmed ve CINAHL veri tabanlarında üzerinde yapılmıştır. Çalışmada taramalar, makalelerin seçimi, veri çekme ve kalite değerlendirme işlemleri iki yazar tarafından bağımsız olarak yapılmıştır. Araştırmaların kalite değerlendirilmesinde JBI Kontrol Listesi kullanıldı. Bu çalışmada 15 makale uygunluk kriterlerini karşıladı. Çalışmalara alınan hastaların 20-99 yaş aralığında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Periferik intravenöz kateter ilişkili flebitin önlenmesinde; hemşirelere eğitim verilmesi, kateter bölgesine susam yağı, quersetin krem, papatya kremi kullanılması ve kateter bölgesinin alkol veya klorheksidin ile pansuman yapılması, kateterden serum fizyolojik veya heparin verilmesi ve ven valfi/üçlü musluk takılması gibi uygulamalar yapıldığı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, hemşirelerin periferik intravenöz kateter ilişkili flebitin önlenmesinde farklı hemşirelik girişimlerin yapıldığı ve flebit oranının azaldığı belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda flebit gelişimini önlemeye yönelik yapılan girişimlerde bir standart olmaması nedeniyle bu konuda daha fazla çalışma yapılması önerilmektedir
Chronotropic incompetence in coronary slow flow
No full textTıp Fakültesi, Kardiyoloji Ana Bilim DalıAmaç: Koroner yavaş akımın(KYA) ve kronotropik yetersizliğin(KY) artan mortalite ile ilişkisi daha önce gösterilmiştir. KYA'ın kesinleşmiş bir tedavi protokolü yoktur. Biz bu çalışmada; "KYA'ı olan hastalarda KY var mıdır ? Varsa bu hastaların kardiyak şikayetler ile hastaneye başvuru sıklıklarında artış var mıdır? " gibi sorulara yanıt bulmayı hedefledik. Yöntem: Çalışmamıza hastanemize başvuran şikayetleri nedeni ile 12 derivas-yonlu elektrokardiyografi(EKG), ekokardiyografi ve kan tetkiki yapılmış sonrasında ileri tetkik olarak egzersiz ekg testi(EET) ve koroner anjiyografi yapılmış, 18 yaşın-dan büyük, anjiyografi sırasında Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) kare sayısına göre KYA tespit edilen 29 hasta ve normal koroner arter (NKA) saptanan 27 kişi kontrol grubu olarak dahil edilmiştir. Bir veya daha fazla koroner arterde darlık veya obstrüksiyon izlenmeksizin düzeltilmiş TIMI frame sayısı (TFC) > 27 olması KYA fenomeni varlığı olarak değerlendirildi. Hastaların KY varlığı EET'de yaşa göre beklenen maksimum kalp hızının(YGBKH) %80'ine ulaşamaması olarak kabul edildi. Kronotropik indeks (Kİ), Kalp hızı(KH) rezervinin bir göstergesi olarak ta-nımlanmaktadır. KH rezervi ise dinlenmeden maksimum egzersize kadar olan KH'daki değişim olarak tanımlanır. Dinlenmeden zirve egzersize kadar KH'daki de-ğişimin, dinlenme KH'ı ile YGBKH arasındaki farka bölünmesiyle Kİ elde edilir[1]; (??İ=(???????????????????????????????)/(???????????????????????????????)??100) [1]. Biz de çalış-mamızda bu formülü kullandık. Bulgular: Bu çalışmaya %51,8'i (n=29) KYA hastası, %48,2'si (n=27) de kont-rol grubu olmak üzere toplam 56 hasta dahil edildi. KYA grubunda vücut-kitle in-deksi (VKİ) ortalaması ve hipertansiyon(HT) varlığı oranı kontrol grubuna göre ista-tistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p değerleri sırasıyla; p=0,015, p=0,039). KYA tespit edilen hasta grubunda trombosit değerleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistik-sel olarak anlamlı düşük tespit edilirken; üre ve ürik asit değerleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p değerleri sırasıyla; p=0,002, p=0,027, p=0,026). KYA tespit edilen hasta grubunda sol atriyum(SA) çapı, sol vent-rikül(SV) diyastolik ve sistolik çapları, SV enddiyastolik volümü, SV sistolik kütlesi, mitral kapaktan ölçülen deselerasyon zamanı değerleri kontrol grubuna göre istatis-tiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek bulundu (p değerleri sırasıyla; p=0,041, p=0,034, p=0,014, p=0,022, p=0,025, p=0,011). Mitral kapaktan ölçülen deselerasyon eğim değeri KYA grubunda kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük sap-tandı (p=0,009). EET sırasında ulaşılan maksimum kalp hızı KYA tespit edilen has-talarda kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düşük saptandı (p=0,045). KYA tespit edilen hasta grubunda KY varlığı kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı yüksek saptandı (p=0,038). Fakat Kİ arasında anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,953). Duke treadmill skorlar(DTS)ı gruplar arasında benzer olarak tespit edildi (p>0,05). Sonuç: KYA hastaların EET'nde KY olarak adlandırılan YGBKH'nın %80'ine ulaşamama durumu istatiksel olarak anlamlı daha fazla bulunmaktaydı. Fakat KY'in bir göstergesi olan Kİ değerlerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı farklılık izlenmedi. Bu sonuçlar bize KYA'da otonomik disfonksiyon varlığını düşündürmektedir. Fakat bu konuyla ilgili daha çok çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.Objective: Previous studies have associated coronary slow flow (CSF) and chronotropic incompetence (CI) with increased mortality. There is no established tre-atment protocol for CSF. In this study, we aimed to answer questions such as "Is there CI in patients with CSF? If so, is there an increase in the frequency of hospital admis-sions due to cardiac complaints in these patients?" Methods: Our study included 29 patients with CSF detected by Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count and 27 control individuals with normal coronary arteries (NCA) who were admitted to our hospital and underwent 12-lead electrocardiography (ECG), echocardiography, and blood tests, followed by exercise ECG test (EET) and coronary angiography. CSF was defined as a corrected TIMI frame count (TFC) > 27 without stenosis or obstruction in one or more coronary arte-ries. CI was defined as the inability to reach 80% of the age-predicted maximum heart rate (APMHR) during EET. Chronotropic index (CI) was calculated as a measure of heart rate (HR) reserve, using the change in HR from rest to peak exercise divided by the difference between resting HR and APMHR. [1] We used the same calculation in our study. ????:(???????????????????????)/(???????????????????????)??100 Results: A total of 56 patients, 51.8% (n=29) with CSF and 48.2% (n=27) cont-rols, were included. In the CSF group, the mean body mass index (BMI) and the pre-sence of hypertension (HT) were statistically significantly higher than the control group (p=0.015, p=0.039, respectively). Platelet counts were significantly lower, while urea and uric acid levels were significantly higher in the CSF group compared to cont-rols (p=0.002, p=0.027, p=0.026, respectively). Left atrium (LA) diameter, left vent-ricle (LV) diastolic and systolic diameters, LV end-diastolic volume, LV systolic mass, and deceleration time measured from the mitral valve were significantly higher in the CSF group (p=0.041, p=0.034, p=0.014, p=0.022, p=0.025, p=0.011, respectively). The deceleration slope measured from the mitral valve was significantly lower in the CSF group (p=0.009). The maximum HR achieved during EET was significantly lower in the CSF group compared to controls (p=0.045). The presence of CI was significantly higher in the CSF group compared to controls (p=0.038), but there was no significant IV difference in the chronotropic index (p=0.953). Duke treadmill scores (DTS) were si-milar between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The inability to reach 80% of APMHR, termed CI, was signifi-cantly more prevalent in CSF patients during EET. However, there was no significant difference in the chronotropic index, a marker of CI, between the groups. These fin-dings suggest the potential presence of autonomic dysfunction in CSF patients, altho-ugh further studies are needed to explore this aspect
Local allergic rhinitis – a narrative review
No full textThis narrative review aims to provide an up-to-date definition of local allergic rhinitis (LAR), its classification, mechanisms, comorbidities, recommendations for diagnosis and treatment, and define needs in this area. Both ‘PubMed’ and ‘Science Direct’ literature was reviewed systematically, and a manual search for studies not previously encountered in the databases was also carried out. Published studies were identified in PubMed covering the period from 1947 to 2022. The following keyword search strategy was used: (local allergic rhinitis* OR entopy* OR local Immunoglobulin E * OR nasal specific Immunoglobulin E). LAR involves Type 2 nasal inflammation with local IgE and cannot be diagnosed by systemic methods, such as skin prick or blood IgE tests. A nasal allergen challenge is necessary for diagnosis. LAR can respond to usual AR treatments, including allergen specific immunotherapy (AIT). LAR is a novel entity that requires additional investigation in terms of prevalence, proper diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The target outcomes and possible benefits of this review are to achieve a consensus for the study and diagnosis of LAR and increase interest in this area. © 2024 Verduci Editore s.r.l. All rights reserved
Tumour Budding Is a Useful Predictor to Identify High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer Patients After Curative Surgery
No full textAim. Although it is now accepted in the literature that tumour budding (TB) is a useful survival indicator in colon cancer (CC), there are still uncertainties about daily use. Here we methodologically examined the role of TB on survival in CC. Methods. In our study, we examined colon cancer patients who had surgery up to 15 years before presentation. TB was calculated separately using different comprehensive methodological methods. Results. We first investigated an optimal evaluation method. Relationship with prognostic factors was better (Venous invasion [p = .001], advanced pT [p = .003], perineural invasion [p = .040], MSS [p = .016], advanced size [p = .001], tumour obstruction [p = .005], margin involvement [p = .043], and nodal involvement [p = .028]) in Method-1. Similarly, with the same method, the success of the cut-off value, the correlation of TB data (r = .724), and the repeatability of the method (Kappa appa = .53-.75) were quite good (ROC = .816 [.707-.925]). Then, survival analysis was performed using the best three methods, including this method. In univariate analysis using Method-1, survival analyses were worse in high TB patients (RFS: 81%, p < .001; OS: 84%, p < .001). Multivariate analyses using the same method confirmed that high TB for RFS and OS was an independent poor prognostic parameter for survival (p = .002, Hazard ratio [HR]: 1.42 [1.13-1.80]) and OS (p = .014, HR: 1.38 [1.07-1.79]). Conclusions. With our study, we showed that tumour budding calculated by the standard method is a very valuable prognostic parameter in stage II CC and can contribute to the detection of patients with poor prognosis in stage II CC.We would like to thank the staff of the Department of Pathology for their support at all stages of our study
Investigation of Digital Literacy and Cyber Security Awareness of High School Students
No full textDijitalleşen dünya ile birlikte bireylerin ve toplumların dijital platformları kullanımlarında ciddi bir artış gözlemlenmektedir. Bu kapsamda siber suçlar ve veri güvenliği tehditleri de paralel olarak artmaktadır. Bu çalışma, Kırıkkale'deki 22 lisede öğrenim gören öğrencilerin dijital okuryazarlık ve siber güvenlik farkındalığını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmanın veri toplama sürecinde "kişisel siber güvenliği sağlama ölçeği" ve "dijital okuryazarlık ölçeği" adlı iki ayrı veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, öğrencilerin dijital okuryazarlık düzeyi ile siber güvenlik farkındalığı arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Günde 2-3 saat internet kullanan öğrencilerin siber güvenlik farkındalıklarının diğerlerine göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, haftalık internet kullanım sürelerinin öğrencilerin siber güvenlik farkındalığı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, kadın öğrencilerin siber güvenlik farkındalığı, erkek öğrencilere göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur, bu da cinsiyetin bu konuda etkili bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma, öğrencilerin siber güvenlik ve dijital okuryazarlık düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlere göre incelenmesiyle ilgili genel bir çerçeve sunarak, bu konuda yapılan araştırmalardan elde edilen önemli bulguları değerlendirmektedir. Siber güvenlik ve dijital okuryazarlık alanındaki bu farkındalıkların artırılması, eğitim kurumları, aileler ve toplumun genelinde daha etkin bir dijital vatandaşlık bilincinin gelişimine katkı sağlayabilir.With the digitalising world, there is a significant increase in the use of digital platforms by individuals and societies. In this context, cybercrimes and data security threats are increasing in parallel. This study aims to evaluate the digital literacy and cyber security awareness of 22 high school students in Kırıkkale. In the data collection process of the study, two separate data collection tools named ‘personal cyber security scale’ and ‘digital literacy scale’ were used. The results revealed that there is a positive relationship between students' digital literacy level and cyber security awareness. It was determined that the cyber security awareness of students who use the internet 2-3 hours a day was significantly higher than the others. However, it was determined that weekly internet usage time did not have a significant effect on students' cyber security awareness. In addition, cyber security awareness of female students was found to be higher than that of male students, indicating that gender is an effective factor in this regard. In conclusion, this study provides a general framework for examining students' cybersecurity and digital literacy levels according to various variables and evaluates the important findings obtained from research on this subject. Increasing this awareness in the field of cyber security and digital literacy can contribute to the development of a more effective digital citizenship awareness in educational institutions, families and society in general
Crime of violation of the Constitution
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Kamu Hukuku Ana Bilim DalıAnayasayı ihlal suçu anayasal düzene yönelik bir suç olması nedeniyle toplumun siyasal ve sosyal yapısı üzerinde büyük etkiler yaratmaktadır. Siyasi iktidarın tehdit algısını değiştirmekte ve bu suretle siyasal rejimin demokratik yapısı üzerinde de etkili olmaktadır. Anayasa, anayasal düzen gibi anayasa hukuku kavramlarını unsur olarak içeren anayasayı ihlal suçu multidisipliner bir suçtur. Anayasayı ihlal suçu, genellikle anayasaya aykırılık ile karıştırılmaktadır. Siyasetçiler, rakipleri anayasaya aykırı uygulamalar yaptığında bunların anayasayı ihlal ettiğini belirtmektedir. Oysaki anayasayı ihlal ve anayasaya aykırılık çok farklı kavramlardır. Bu kavram kargaşasına karşın anayasayı ihlal suçu ceza hukuku özel hükümler kitaplarında istisnai olarak incelenen bir suçtur. Suçun kanuni düzenlemesinde ve Yargıtay uygulamalarında da bazı problemler bulunmaktadır. Anayasayı ihlal suçunun üzerinde az çalışma yapılan bir suç olması ve uygulamada karşılaşılan problemler nedeniyle anayasayı ihlal suçunu incelemiş bulunmaktayım. Çalışmamın giriş bölümünda otorite, devlet ve anayasa kavramları anayasa hukuku, siyaset bilimi ve sosyolojik açıdan açıklanacaktır. Birinci bölümde anayasal düzen ve Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin anayasal düzeni açıklancaktır. İkinci bölümde anayasayı ihlal suçu, modern suç inceleme metoduyla suçun unsurları yönünden incelenecek ve suça etki eden nedenler ortaya konulacaktır. Çalışmanın çerçevesi; anayasayı ihlal suçu ile sınırlı tutulmuş, benzer suçlara ve her suç açısından incelenmesi mümkün olan konulara geniş yer verilmemeye özen gösterilmiştir.Since the crime of violating the constitution is a crime against the constitutional order, it has great effects on the political and social structure of the society. It changes the threat perception of the political power and thus has an impact on the democratic structure of the political regime. The crime of violating the constitution, which includes constitutional law concepts such as the constitution and constitutional order, is a multidisciplinary crime. The crime of violating the constitution is often confused with unconstitutionality. Politicians state that when their opponents take unconstitutional practices, they violate the constitution. However, violating the constitution and being unconstitutional are very different concepts. Despite this conceptual confusion, the crime of violating the constitution is a crime that is examined exceptionally in criminal law special provisions books. There are also some problems in the legal regulation of the crime and the practices of the Supreme Court. I have examined the crime of violating the constitution because it is a crime on which little research has been done and there are problems encountered in practice. In the introduction part of my study, the concepts of authority, state and constitution will be explained from the perspective of constitutional law, political science and sociology. In the first part, the constitutional order, which is the material subject of the crime of violating the constitution, and the constitutional order of the Republic of Turkey will be explained. In the second part, the crime of violating the constitution will be examined in terms of the elements of the crime using the modern crime investigation method and the reasons affecting the crime will be revealed. Framework of the study; It was limited to the crime of violating the constitution, and care was taken not to include extensive coverage of similar crimes and issues that could be examined in terms of each crime
Raylı Sistemlerde Enerji Verimliliğinin Sağlanmasına Yönelik Kapsamlı Bir Araştırma
No full textToday, the increase in energy needs and the risk of depletion of some energy resources is a worrying situation for sustainable life. Therefore, energy efficiency and prevention of energy losses are crucial. Transportation is one of the sectors where energy is used most intensively. As in every field, it is aimed to prevent the excessive use of energy in this sector. One of the most important activities in this regard is to encourage public transportation, and in this sense, rail systems are frequently preferred in big cities. However, their energy consumption is increasing due to the increasingly widespread network structure of these systems. Therefore, energy efficiency studies on these systems have a significant impact on clean and sustainable life and attract the attention of researchers. Energy efficiency studies in rail systems show a wide variety due to their complicated structure. In this paper, the concepts of energy consumption and efficiency in rail systems, studies on this subject in the literature and the technologies and methods used have been examined. The outputs of the paper have been evaluated in terms of energy efficiency and an assessment have been made for the future.Günümüzde enerji ihtiyacının artması ve bazı enerji kaynaklarının tükenme riski, sürdürülebilir yaşam için endişe verici bir durumdur. Bu nedenle enerji verimliliği ve enerji kayıplarının önlenmesi çok önemlidir. Ulaşım, enerjinin en yoğun kullanıldığı sektörlerden biridir. Her alanda olduğu gibi bu sektörde de aşırı enerji kullanımının önüne geçilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu konudaki en önemli faaliyetlerden biri de toplu ulaşımın teşvik edilmesi olup, bu anlamda büyük şehirlerde raylı sistemler sıklıkla tercih edilmektedir. Ancak bu sistemlerin giderek yaygınlaşan ağ yapılarından dolayı enerji tüketimleri de artmaktadır. Bu nedenle bu sistemler üzerinde yapılan enerji verimliliği çalışmaları, temiz ve sürdürülebilir yaşam üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir ve araştırmacıların ilgisini çekmektedir. Raylı sistemlerde enerji verimliliği çalışmaları, karmaşık yapılarından dolayı çeşitlilik göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, raylı sistemlerde enerji tüketimi ve verimlilik kavramları, bu konuda literatürde yapılan çalışmalar ve kullanılan teknolojiler ve yöntemler incelenmiştir. Makale çıktıları enerji verimliliği açısından değerlendirilerek geleceğe yönelik bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır
Dowry in Ottoman Codes and Court Records
No full textDowry consists of all kinds of household items, clothing, and similar belongings prepared for the bride. Classical jurisprudence handbooks contain important information about dowry. However, we have not come across any studies on dowry in Ottoman law, which is also included in Ottoman codes and court records. In the Ottoman Classical period codes, similar versions of the same articles generally appear regarding dowry. In the Tanzimat period Ottoman codes, articles related to dowry generally aim to set an upper limit on dowry to prevent extravagance and to prevent obstacles to marriages. In addition to these, the fact that there is an article on n dowry in the Family Law Decree shows that the related topic was regulated in Ottoman codifications. . It can be stated that the customary practice of dowry was widespread in regions where Islamic law is effective, and of course, in the Ottoman Empire. While this custom is important in terms of helping the household of the people who will marry, it can also become a custom that hinders marriage. In the Ottoman practice, if the dowry posed a risk to the prospective spouses or became an obstacle to marriage, limitations were imposed on the scope and amount of the dowry through legal codes. . In this way, dowry, which was originally a beneficial custom for the people to be married, was prevented from harming them. There are numerous disputes and records related to dowry in the Ottoman court records, Istanbul, Konya and Diyarbak & imath;r judge' (kad & imath;) registers (sijil) on dowry were examined and evaluated. The relevant court records contain information regarding which goods were given as dowry, whose property the dowry, belong to disputes between the father and daughter and mother over dowry, and the procedural rules for these disputes, as well as issues like exoneration and reconciliation in dowry. The judge' registers also contain important information regarding the legal status of customs such as title payment and weights, which are distinct from dowry. The fact that the practice of dowry, which is a Muslim practice, was sometimes brought to court among non-Muslims due to disputes shows that this custom is also used by people of different religions