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Assessing masseter muscle volume and activity in relation to craniofacial morphology: a 3D CBCT study
No full textIntroductionsUnderstanding the factors influencing craniofacial structure growth is crucial for addressing craniofacial deformities. This study evaluates masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force across different skeletal malocclusion groups and aims to evaluate the masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force (BF) according to different skeletal malocclusion groups.MethodsThis study aimed to assess masseter muscle volume, activity, and maximum bite force (BF) across different skeletal malocclusion groups in 60 young adults (18-30 years) seeking treatment at Kirikkale University Faculty of Dentistry. Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) imaging, radiological measurements, surface electromyography (sEMG), and force sensor measurements were employed.ResultsResults revealed significant differences in sEMG measurements based on sagittal classification. Vertical direction groups showed notable results in muscle volume and BF, though no significant differences were observed in sEMG values. A correlation was identified between BF and sEMG, but no correlation was found between muscle volume and other parameters.ConclusionsThe findings obtained in this study suggest that the significant relationship between EMG and sagittal skeletal classification could be a valuable diagnostic tool. However, concerns about reliability were raised due to uneven distribution in muscle volume and BF among vertical direction groups. The lack of significant results in muscle volume, sEMG, and BF was attributed to CBCT limitations in soft tissue imaging and the small sample size, emphasizing caution in interpreting the findings
ANAYASA MAHKEMESİ KARARLARI İLE EK MOTORLU TAŞITLAR VERGİSİ ÜZERİNE DEĞERLENDİRMELER
No full textÜlkemizde 6 Şubat 2023 tarihinde yaşanan deprem felaketi üzerine olağanüstü hal ilan edilmiştir. Bu kapsamda 15 Temmuz 2023 tarihli ve 7456 sayılı Kanun ile ek motorlu taşıtlar vergisi salınması, kurumlar vergisi oranlarının artırılması ve bazı istisnaların kaldırılması söz konusu olmuştur. Bu Kanun ile getirilen ek motorlu taşıtlar vergisi yükümlülüğü hakkında Anayasa Mahkemesi’ne iptal başvurusunda bulunulmuştur. Anayasa Mahkemesi ise depremlerin yol açtığı iktisadi kayıpların büyüklüğünü gerekçe göstererek söz konusu yükümlülüğün Anayasa’ya aykırı olmadığına hükmetmiştir. Bu husus ülkemizde daha önce de getirilen ek motorlu taşıtlar vergisine ilişkin uygulamaların irdelenmesi ihtiyacı doğurmuştur. Çalışmada öncelikle 7456 sayılı Kanun açıklanmış ve Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin değerlendirmelerine yer verilmiştir. Daha sonra geçmişte uygulanan ek motorlu taşıtlar vergisi düzenlemeleri incelenmiştir. Son olarak ise 7456 sayılı Kanun ile getirilen ek motorlu taşıtlar vergisi ile ilgili Anayasa Mahkemesi kararı, önceki kararlarda da değinilen vergileme ilkeleri kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Nihayetinde düzenlemenin vergilemede genellik ve eşitlik ilkelerine, verginin mali güce göre alınması ilkesine ve vergilemede kanunilik ilkesine aykırı olduğu, vergi yükünün dengeli, adil, ölçülü ve eşit dağılımını engellediği kanaatine ulaşılmıştır
A Different Opinion of Thermodynamics from the Perspective of Philosophy and Physics
No full textKanunlar pozitif manada etkin bir otorite tarafından tespit edilmiş, emredici yaptırımlar olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Tanım, gerek doğa gerekse de sosyal alanlardaki örfi ve hukuki kurallar için de anlamlıdır. Ancak doğa yasalarında nesne eşyadır. Eşyanın davranışı sonucu gelişen sebep ile sonuç arasındaki bağın (ilişkinin) ortaya çıkarılmasıdır. Ortaya çıkarılan bağın genel olması gerekmektedir. Kanıtlanması da önem ifade edilmektedir. Zira söz konusu yasalar, normatif değildir ayrıca matematiksel denklemlerle ifade edilir. Kimilerine göre bu denklemler, evrensel ve ebedi gerçeklerin ifadesidir. Sosyal ve hukuki yasaların yaşamın doğal akışına paralel olarak zamanla değiştiği bilinmektedir. Gelişmelere paralel olarak bilimsel yasalar bile değişebilmektedir. Kaldı ki fizik yasaları mekanik ve kuantum gibi farklı evrenlerde farklı çalışmaktadır. Simetri, ölçek ve kuantum yasaları değişime en güzel örneklerdir. Bu makalede mühendislik anlayışına göre ortaya konan termodinamiğin kanunlarının (yasalarının), fizik ve felsefe biliminin bakış açılarından (paradigmalarından) yararlanılarak değişimlerine dayalı anlam sorgulaması yapılmıştır.In the literature, laws are defined as mandatory rules determined by a positively effective authority. The definition is also meaningful for customary and legal rules in both nature and social areas. But in the laws of nature, the object is the thing. It is to reveal the relationship between the cause and the result that develops as a result of the behavior of the object. In addition, the bond revealed must be general. It is also important to prove it. Because the laws in question are not normative and are expressed with mathematical equations. According to some, equations are expressions of universal and eternal truths.It is known that social and legal laws change over time, parallel to the natural flow of life. Moreover, even scientific laws change in parallel with developments. Moreover, the laws of physics work differently in several universes such as mechanic and quantum. Symmetry, scale and quantum laws are the best examples of change.In this article, the meaning of the laws of thermodynamics, defined according to the understanding of engineering, has been questioned based on their changes by using the perspectives (paradigms) of physics and philosophy
SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION OF PH AND TEMPERATURE STIMULI-RESPONSIVE MAGNETIC NANOHYDROGELS FOR GENE DELIVERY
No full textThe offer of gene delivery technologies as a promising approach to treating a variety of diseases has revolutionized human medicine over the last two decades. So, the application of suitable vectors, particularly polymers with substrates with unique physicochemical properties for the transfer of targeted genes to logical sites for effective treatment, plays an indispensable role for more personalized medicine and improves the safety profile in response to continuing to use new medical technologies. For this purpose, we synthesized nanocarriers with a two-block cationic hydrogel, magnetic and non-magnetic, based on N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM) and quaternary alkyl ammonium halide salts of DMAEMA (DMAEMAQ) with pH and temperature responsiveness via the free radical polymerization technique. The bulk properties of these co-polymers were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy, zeta potential, lower critical solution temperature (LCST), and gel electrophoresis to show the loading of nanoparticles with the gene. In the results, magnetic P[NIPAM-DMAEMAQ] hydrogel showed controllable responsive properties determined by the nature of the cationic charge +24.7 mV incorporated, nanosize around 86.95 and 91.22 nm, and efficiency loaded with the gene more than 95%. As well, the synthesized nanohydrogel exhibited a sharp volume-phase transition in water at a LCST of ?40 °C. So, the combination of both monomers yielded an interesting system with high transfection efficiency and compliant biocompatibility characteristics, which could effectively achieve gene loading. Also, the magnetic potential of nanohydrogel was determined as a vector to deliver genes to localized sites. Notably, the synthesized combination P[NIPAM-DMAEMAQ] nanohydrogel has been considered a transfection of the biodegradable and biocompatible magnetic nanoparticle sensitive to tunable pH and temperature responsiveness, demonstrating that it will hold a promising approach as a potential carrier to improve gene delivery therapeutic efficacy in cancer and different disease treatments
Selection of waste receiving companies for sustainable industrial symbiosis network: an application a case in Ankara for foundry industry waste
No full textIn the past twenty years, besides the technological and innovative efforts for production processes, there have been activities for the recovery and quality improvement of waste based on the development of sustainable solutions. These activities bring us closer to zero waste by protecting natural resources and reducing the environmental impact of production facilities. One of the essential approaches in this process is the industrial symbiosis (IS) approach. Efforts to implement the industrial symbiosis approach in an industrial park constitute the motivation of the study. The study aims to identify alternative enterprises that can evaluate the wastes generated in the main production process of the foundry industry with industrial symbiosis and rank them to establish a symbiotic relationship. First, the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (PF-AHP) model has been developed to evaluate organizational factors, waste-specific factors, and economic and environmental sustainability criteria for establishing an IS network among alternative businesses. Then, alternative businesses were ranked to establish a symbiosis network with the PF-TOPSIS method. The proposed method contributes to the solution of a real-life problem that may arise when there are multiple alternatives to cooperate in the field of industrial symbiosis. By contributing this framework to the literature, the robustness of the results has been demonstrated through sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis. According to the results obtained, it was seen that the importance levels of economic factors came to the fore. Furthermore, among the alternatives, enterprises with high waste exchange potential, such as cement, took first place in the ranking. © The Author(s) 2024.Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTA
Open-Roof Deformity: How to Avoid, How to Cure?
No full textObjectives: Of all the face surgeries, rhinoplasty is known to be the most difficult. The aim of this paper is to review open-roof deformity. Methods: PubMed, EBSCO, UpToDate, Proquest Central at K & imath;r & imath;kkale University, and Google and Google Scholar were used in the literature review. The search was performed with the keywords open roof deformity, rhinoplasty, fillers between 2024 and 1980. Results: Rhinoplasty is a surgery that requires a combination of art and science, unlike other procedures that may have challenging anatomic access, requiring an excessive amount of physical strength, or a long operating period that causes surgeon fatigue. It is common for people undergoing primary rhinoplasty to have their hump removed, which can lead to open-roof deformity. Lateral osteotomies and the use of grafts are crucial in the prevention of open-roof abnormalities. It is common practice to perform lateral osteotomies to seal this space. However, lateral osteotomy becomes tricky when the patient's bony vault is small. Another well-known option is to shape and replace the hump or to use a spreader graft, flap, sliced cartilage, or some combination of these. HA filler can also be administered to achieve the same effect as a spreader graft. Along the length of the dorsum on both sides, HA is injected retrogradely. Conclusion: If there are dorsal irregularities after surgery or if there is a need to fix the look of nasal bridge, this therapy can help.None
TİCARETTE YEŞİL DÖNÜŞÜM: ÇEVRE ETİKETİ VE HUKUKİ NİTELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
No full textIncreasing environmental awareness among the consumers has caused preference of such products and services that are less harmful to the environment. Therefore, businesses have begun using labels, signs, symbols, logos, etc. claiming that the products and services they offer are more “environmentally friendly” and have started to influence consumers’ sale preferences. With the raising environmental concerns in public, not only businesses but also environmental organisations and governments have started to promote sustainable products with the idea that the consumers can significantly reduce negative effects of the consumption on the environment through their conscious sales decisions. However, determining whether businesses’ claims as being environmentally friendly are true should be solved. To protect consumers, an ecolabel system which verifies the claims about the environmental impact of products and services have emerged. By ecolabel, accuracy of environmental claims about the goods and services are proved based on certain standards and evidence, thereof, the consumers can choose such products and services with confidence. In the process of harmonization with EU legislation, Türkiye implemented the “Environmental Label Regulation” (ÇEY) and the Turkish Environmental Label System (TÇES) in 2018. This study first introduces the environmental label and then this system and the legislation. Regarding that this system is new in Türkiye, an evaluation is undertaken about its legal nature. The evaluation is based upon whether the environmental label is a trademark in the light of the Turkish Industrial Property Law (SMK), because that it is a 'sign, logo' attached to the goods/services. Thus, if environmental label is a collective or certification mark is examined.Tüketicilerde giderek artan çevre bilinci, çevreye daha az zarar veren ürün ve hizmetleri tercih etmelerine yol açmış; bunun sonucu olarak da işletmelerin sundukları ürün ve hizmetlerin daha “çevre dostu” olduğunu iddia eden etiket, işaret, sembol, logo vb. kullanarak tüketicilerin tercihlerine etki etmeye başlamıştır. Tüketicilerin çevreye ilişkin artan kaygıları, işletmeler kadar, çevre kuruluşları ve devletlerin de dikkatini çekmiş ve tüketicilerin bilinçli satın alma kararları yoluyla çevre üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri önemli ölçüde azaltabilecekleri görüşüyle sürdürülebilir ürünleri teşvik etme yoluna gitmiştir. Ancak işletmelerin, iddia ettikleri gibi çevreci olup olmadıklarının da tespiti de önemli bir sorun işareti teşkil etmektedir. Tüketicilerin korunması açısından ürünlerin ve hizmetlerin çevresel etkilerine ilişkin iddiaları doğrulayan çevre etiketi sistemi ortaya çıkmıştır. Çevre etiketi ile; işletmeler tarafından sunulan mal ve hizmetlere ilişkin çevresel iddiaların tamamen belli standartlara ve kanıtlara dayalı olarak doğruluğu desteklenmekte ve tüketicilerin de güven ile bu tür ürün ve hizmetleri seçmesinin önü açılmaktadır. Çevre etiketine sahip olan AB mevzuatı ile uyum sürecinde, 2018 yılında Türkiye “Çevre Etiketi Yönetmeliği” ile Türkiye Çevre Etiketi Sistemi (TÇES) hayata geçirmiştir. Ülkemiz açısından son derece yeni olan çevre etiketini de halihazırda sadece 10 işletmenin aldığı gözlemlenmiştir. Çalışmamızda öncelikle, çevre etiketi tanıtılacak ve çevre etiketi sistemi ve mevzuatı incelenecektir. Söz konusu sistemin ülkemizde de yeni olması göz önüne alınarak hukuki niteliğine ilişkin değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Söz konusu değerlendirme, çevre etiketin, bir “işaret, logo” olmasından yola çıkılarak Sınai Mülkiyet Kanunu ışığında bir marka olup olmadığı temelinde yapılacaktır. Bu noktada çevre etiketinin ortak marka veya garanti markası olup olmadığı incelenecektir
The altered Hermite matrix: implications and ramifications
No full textMatrix theory is essential for addressing practical problems and executing computational tasks. Matrices related to Hermite polynomials are essential due to their applications in quantum relations, and spectral properties make them a valuable tool for both theoretical research and practical applications. From a different perspective, we introduced a variant of the Hermite matrix that incorporates triple factorials and demonstrated that this matrix satisfies various properties. By utilizing effective matrix algebra techniques, various algebraic properties of this matrix have been determined, including the product formula, inverse matrix and eigenvalues. Additionally, we extended this matrix to a more generalized form and derived several identities.The author would like to thank the referees for their helpful suggestions and comments that significantly improved the presentation of this work
A single-valued neutrosophic-based methodology for selecting warehouse management software in sustainable logistics systems
No full textWarehouse operations cover activities that must be carried out systematically. Warehouse management systems (WMS) are needed for successful warehouse management. With digitalization, alternative software programs for WMS have increased. In this study, the selection of the WMS software program for the general warehouse type is discussed. The main motivation of the research is to develop a suitable alternative selection methodology based on criteria for warehouse managers. The research is carried out in several stages. In the first stage, the software selection criteria are determined based on the literature review. In the second stage, the criteria are weighted with the criteria importance through the intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method based on single-valued neutrosophic sets (SVNSs). In the third stage, alternatives for WMS software are ranked with the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) based on SVNSs. Three decision-makers, four al-ternatives, and eight criteria are used in the study. The empirical research is conducted on a warehouse providing general storage services in Turkey. In addition, the sensitivity analyses are performed and the results are compared. According to the research findings, the most valuable criterion in WMS software selection is deter-mined as ease of use. As a result of the research, suggestions are developed for WMS software manufacturers, warehouse managers, and researchers. The novelty of this research is that WMS selection is applied for the first time using multi-criteria decision-making methods
Screening of lentil genotypes during germination and early growth stages under PEG-induced drought stress
No full textThe objective of this experiment was to determine drought tolerance exhibited by lentil lines developed by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA) in an artificial environment, and to investigate the relationships between traits with various methods. This experiment examined 15 traits of 21 lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) accessions grown under artificial drought stress created with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 (0%, 10%, 15% and 20%) concentrations during germination and early seedling stages. Germination characteristics, seedling developmental properties and root system architecture traits were investigated to observed the impacts of drought stress. The originality lies in enabling the identification of drought-tolerant and sensitive genotypes through a brief and practical research method, while shedding light on the key traits by principal component analysis. The first two PCs explained 22.9% and 31.7% (total 54.6%) under optimal conditions while they described 14% and 58.3% (total 72.3%) under PEG-induced drought conditions, respectively. Variation in PC1 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of germination index, uniformity of germination and germination energy, and negative coefficients of mean germination time. Variation in PC2 was mostly contributed by positive coefficients of seedling vigor index, root fresh weight and root dry weight. 'Tigris', G3664 and G3840 exhibited higher performance in terms of germination characteristics, while G3710, G3829 and G3840 produced higher DM accumulation, total biomass and lateral roots. Overall, PC-biplot denoted that selection based on germination index and seedling vigor index at germination and seedling stages would improve drought tolerance. In conclusion, genotypes G3840 and G3664 were identified as drought-tolerant, whereas genotypes G35, G3659, G3759, G3837, and G3844 were classified as drought-sensitive. In addition, G3664, G3840 and G3710 exhibited the highest stress tolerance index (STI) under artificial drought conditions.Scientific Research Projects Presidency of Siirt University; [2022- SIdot;UEZIdot;R-012]This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Presidency of Siirt University, grant number 2022- S & Idot;UEZ & Idot;R-012