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A novel metaheuristic optimization and soft computing techniques for improved hydrological drought forecasting
No full textDrought is one of the costliest natural disasters worldwide and weakens countries economically by causing negative impacts on hydropower and agricultural production. Therefore, it is necessary to create drought risk management plans by monitoring and predicting droughts. Various drought indicators have been developed to monitor droughts. This study aims to forecast Streamflow Drought Index (SDI) values with various novel metaheuristic optimization-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and deep learning models to predict 1-month lead-time hydrological droughts on 1, 3, and 12-month time scales in the Konya closed basin, one of the driest basins in Turkey. To achieve this goal, the ANN model was integrated with the Firefly Algorithm (FFA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) techniques and compared against long shortterm memory (LSTM) networks. While establishing the SDI prediction model, lag values exceeding the 95% confidence intervals in the partial autocorrelation function graphs were used. Model performance was evaluated according to scatter matrix, radar, time series, bee swarm graphs, and statistical performance metrics. As a result of the analysis, the PSO-ANN hybrid model with (R2:0.468-0.931) at station 1611 and the FFA-ANN hybrid model with (R2:0.443-0.916) at station 1612 generally have the highest accuracy
N-function Heterocycles as Promising Anticancer Agents: A Case Study with a Decision Model in a Fuzzy Environment
No full textObjective This study aimed to evaluate the data according to five accepted criteria for the effects of twenty promising anticancer agents on five different cancer types and determine the most effective compounds for further in vitro and in vivo studies with a multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM), which rationalizes decision making in a fuzzy environment to avoid the high cost and time requirements of further preclinical and clinical studies.Methods Within the scope of the study, the weights of the five criteria were evaluated with the Pythagorean Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (PFAHP), which is one of the multi-criteria decision-making methods, and a comparison was made with the criteria weights obtained as a result of the Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) method. Moreover, the effects of criteria weights calculated with PFAHP on evaluating alternatives were analyzed using different scenarios.Results Experimentally, twenty N-heterocyclic quinoline derivatives with different substituents were identified as promising anticancer agents. In this study, the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model was proposed to identify the most promising anticancer agents against all tested cell lines. Both the experimental and model results indicated that 20, 17, 19, and 7 are the most promising anticancer agents against the A549, HeLa, Hep3B, HT29, and MCF7 cell lines. Moreover, different scenarios were generated and analyzed to prove the consistency of the proposed methodology.Conclusion MCDM strongly suggests that compounds 20, 17, 19, and 7 can be further investigated for in vivo studies
Comparison of 1 Year Nasal Tip Projection Results of Triple Cartilage Combining Suture (Flexible Tongue-in-Groove) and Classical Tongue-in-Groove Techniques
No full textObjectives: In the present study, we compared patient satisfaction with classical tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique and triple cartilage combining suture (TCCS; flexible tongue-in-groove) techniques applied to the nasal tip in rhinoplasty. Methods: In this retrospective study, 80 patients who underwent rhinoplasty operations with TIG or TCCS techniques applied to the tip region were included. There were 40 patients in both groups. All patients in groups 1 and 2 were evaluated by the criteria written below at preoperative, postoperative first month, and postoperative first year: (1) Rhinoplasty Outcomes Evaluation Questionnaire (ROE), (2) tip projection (cm), (3) nasal dorsum length (cm), (4) tip projection ratio (Goode), (5) nasofrontal angle, and (6) nasolabial angle. Results: The patients were followed up at 84.32 +/- 19.38 months in the TIG group and 87.47 +/- 18.01 months in the TCCS group. Our results showed that preoperative, postoperative first-month, and first-year tip projection (P = .013, P = .022, and P = .020, respectively), and nasal dorsum length values (P = .009, P = .020, and P = .020, respectively) of the TCCS group were significantly lower than those in the TIG group. There was a positive correlation between the postoperative first month and postoperative first year ROE scores. Lower preoperative tip projection ratio (Goode) values and higher nasolabial angle values were related to higher ROE scores showing patient satisfaction. Conclusion: For the patient satisfaction after tip rhinoplasty, lower projection ratio (Goode) and higher nasolabial angle values were related to ROE scores. Although there are no significant results, lower tip projection results in the TCCS group may be related to more patient satisfaction due to natural appearance
Unveiling competence in the classroom: A multidimensional assessment of computer science teachers' self-efficacy in coding education
No full textThe significance of teachers' self-efficacy in coding education within K-12 settings has grown substantially. However, the literature lacks subject-specific measurement tools tailored to assess teachers' self-efficacy in coding instruction. This study adopted a mixed methods approach to develop a reliable and valid instrument for measuring computer science (CS) teachers' self-efficacy in teaching coding. The scale development involved a rigorous process encompassing item generation, expert validation, and pilot testing. Importantly, this process unfolded in seven steps with two distinct phases, and each phase involved independent sample groups. Subsequently, a comprehensive survey was administered to two samples of CS teachers (n = 318, n = 295) to assess the scale's psychometric properties. The results revealed robust internal consistency and construct validity of the 20-item Coding Teaching Self-Efficacy Scale (CTSES) with four intercorrelated dimensions: student motivation, subject knowledge, classroom management, and material development. Furthermore, additional analyses revealed the significant impact of teaching experience and self-reported coding knowledge level on teachers' self-efficacy in teaching coding. The implications of this study hold significance for both practitioners and researchers to understand teachers' self-efficacy in teaching coding and to explore its relation to teacher training, curriculum development, and the broader advancement of coding education within school settings.Ankara UniversityNo Statement Availabl
Kırsal Kalkınma/Akıllı Köy Kavramları Perspektifinde Azerbaycan
No full textIn this study, in which the perspective of rural development and smart village is evaluated through Azerbaijan, the theoretical framework for realizing rural development and activating the applicability of the smart village model is presented, taking into account the importance of LEADER method and Living laboratories approach, examples from the world that adopt this approach are included. In the study aiming to determine the perspective of the smart village project realized in the lands liberated from the occupation after the 2020 Karabakh victory of Azerbaijan, the literature was searched and the relevant studies and documents were reviewed. It has been concluded that the implementation of the application according to the smart village model applied in the literature rather than the smart village project realized in Azerbaijan will have positive effects on the sustainability of the pilot project.Kırsal kalkınma ve akıllı köy perspektifinin Azerbaycan üzerinden değerlendirilmesinin yapıldığı bu çalışmada kırsal kalkınmanın gerçekleştirilebilmesi ve akıllı köy modelinin uygulanabilirliğinin etkinleştirilmesi için teorik çerçeve sunulmuş, LEADER yöntemi ve Yaşam laboratuvarları yaklaşımının önemi dikkate alınarak bu yaklaşımı benimseyen dünyadaki örneklere yer verilmiştir. Azerbaycan’ın 2020 Karabağ zaferinden sonra işgalden kurtarılan topraklarda gerçekleştirilen akıllı köy projesinin perspektifini saptamayı amaçlayan çalışmada literatür taraması yapılarak ilgili çalışma ve belgeler gözden geçirilmiş, mevcutta Azerbaycan’da gerçekleştirilen akıllı köy projesinden ziyade literatürde uygulanan akıllı köy modeline göre uygulamanın gerçekleştirilmesinin pilot projenin sürdürülebilirliğine olumlu etkiler yapacağı sonucuna varılmıştır
Analysis of Biochemical, Hormonal and Radiological Morphological Measurement Values in Patients with Empty Sella: A Clinical Study
No full textObjective This study investigated the relationship between radiological morphological findings and hormone levels in patients with empty sella. Methods Patients (32 female, 3 male) with empty sella detected on radiological images were grouped as partial empty sella (PBS) group (subarachnoid space volume 70%). Age, gender, sella volume, pituitary gland thickness, the ratio of subarachnoid space height to pituitary gland height, and diaphragm sellae diameter were measured on radiological images. All patients' blood count results, biochemistry results, and serum hormone values were recorded. Results Age, complete blood count, serum biochemistry parameters, and hormone levels were not different between PBS and TBS groups. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between gender and subarachnoid space invasion volume, between gender and sagittal width of the sella turcica (ST), between cortisol level and ST axial diameter, between progesterone level and ST axial diameter, between testosterone level and ST axial diameter, between adrenocorticotropic hormone level and ST axial diameter, between TSH level and subarachnoid space invasion rate, between free T4 level and diaphragm sellae sagittal width, and between free T4 level and ST sagittal width. Conclusion This study showed that some serum hormone values may decrease when the sella tursica dimensions or the volume of subarachnoid space invading the sella tursica increase in patients with empty sella, and therefore, periodic follow-up of hormone levels and radiological images of these patients would be appropriate
K12 Beceriler Çerçevesi Türkiye Bütüncül Modeli Bağlamında Türkçe Alan Becerileri
No full textThe aim of this study is to describe Turkish field skills within the scope of K12 Skills Framework: Holistic Model of Turkey. In this direction, firstly, the concepts of knowledge, skills and competence are explained based on national and international texts, and secondly, the relationship of educational activities for the mother tongue within the framework of the concepts of mother tongue skill, language acquisition and language use is discussed as a summary. Then, explanatory information about the way followed in the design of the Turkish Field Skills section in the K12 Skills Framework: Turkey Holistic Model, the skill descriptors in the reception (listening, reading) and production (speaking, writing) level are presented. To this end, the study also describes the approaches adopted in skills-based international studies on languages such as the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), the European Qualifications Framework (EQF) and the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR). Finally, a brief information about the examples of France and Belgium, which include the application of a skills map and common framework in education systems, is included. The third part of the study is devoted to explanations about the reception (listening/watching, reading) and production (speaking, writing) levels of Turkish field skills, the fourth part is devoted to the skill-based material design approach, and the fifth part is devoted to the assessment and evaluation approach adopted in the monitoring of skills. Recommendations related to the study are presented in the conclusion section. © (2024), (T.C. Milli Egitim Bakanligi). All Rights Reserved
An Examination of the Views of Postgraduate Students on Academic Literacy in Social Studies Education
No full textBu araştırmada sosyal bilgiler eğitiminde, lisansüstü eğitim gören öğrencilerin akademik okuryazarlık hakkında görüşlerinin ortaya çıkartılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırma nitel araştırma deseninde planlanmış bir durum çalışmasıdır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu sosyal bilgiler eğitimi alanında lisansüstü eğitim gören 12 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Çalışma grubu belirlenirken ölçüt örneklem kullanılmıştır. Nitel araştırmanın doğasına uygun olarak bu araştırmanın verilerinin toplanmasında görüşmelerden yararlanılmıştır. Görüşmelerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmış ve MAXQDA veri analiz programından yararlanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre; sosyal bilgiler eğitimi alanında eğitim gören öğrenciler lisansüstü eğitim yapma nedenlerinin mesleki gelişimlerine destek olmak, kendilerini geliştirmek olarak ifade etmişlerdir. Öğrenciler akademik okuryazarlığı bilimsel metinleri anlayabilme ve yorumlayabilme olarak açıklamışlardır. Öte yandan lisansüstü eğitimin akademik okuryazarlığa en büyük katkısının düşünme becerilerini geliştirme noktasında olmuştur. Lisansüstü eğitim alan öğrencilere göre, lisansüstü eğitim sürecinde en sık karşılaşılan durum dil sorunudur. Diğer yandan, öğrencilerin teorik bilgileri paylaşma ve uygulama noktasındaki eksiklikler diğer sorunlardan birkaçıdır. Son olarak, lisansüstü eğitim sürecinde teknolojik araçlardan yararlanılması ve maddi desteklerin olması bulgusuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sözü edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin lisansüstü eğitim süreçlerinde akademik okuryazarlık konusunda farkındalıklarını artırmaya yönelik ders dışı etkinlikler yapılabilir.In this study, it is aimed to reveal the views of postgraduate students in social studies education about academic literacy. This research is a case study planned in qualitative research design. The study group of the research consisted of 12 postgraduate students in the field of social studies education. Criterion sampling was used to determine the study group. Given the nature of qualitative research, interviews were used to collect the data for this study. Content analysis was used to analyze the interviews and MAXQDA data analysis software was used. According to the findings of the study, students studying in the field of social studies education stated that the reasons for doing postgraduate education were to support their professional development and to improve themselves. Students explained academic literacy as being able to understand and interpret scientific texts. On the other hand, the biggest contribution of postgraduate education to academic literacy was to improve thinking skills. According to postgraduate students, the most common problem encountered during postgraduate education is the language problem. In other respects, students' lack of sharing and applying theoretical knowledge are some of the other problems. Finally, it was found that technological tools should be used in the postgraduate education process and financial support should be available. In line with the mentioned results obtained in the research, extracurricular activities can be carried out to increase students' awareness of academic literacy in postgraduate education processes
Comparison of rainfall-based drought indices in The Kizilirmak Basin
No full textFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, İnşaat Mühendisliği Ana Bilim DalıKuraklık, yağışların, kaydedilen normal seviyelerinin önemli ölçüde altına düşmesi sonucu, arazinin ve su kaynaklarının olumsuz etkilenmesine ve hidrolojik dengenin bozulmasına sebep olan bir doğa olayıdır. Kuraklık dört kategori altında meteorolojik kuraklık, tarımsal kuraklık, hidrolojik kuraklık ve sosyoekonomik kuraklık olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Kızılırmak Havzası'nda yer alan 21 istasyona (Bafra, Boğazlıyan, Boyabat, Çankırı, Çiçekdağı, Develi, Gemerek, Ilgaz, Kaman, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Keskin, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevşehir, Osmancık, Sivas, Tosya, Ürgüp, Yozgat ve Zara) ait 1960-2022 yılları arasındaki aylık ortalama yağış verileri kullanılarak meteorolojik kuraklık analizi yapılmıştır. Bu amaçla, yağış tabanlı indisler olan Standartlaştırılmış Yağış İndisi (SYİ), Z-Skor İndisi (ZSİ), Çin-Z İndisi (CZİ) ve Modifiye Edilmiş Çin-Z İndisi (MCZİ) yöntemleri kullanılarak 1, 3, 6, 9 ve 12 aylık zaman ölçeklerinde kuraklık indis değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Çalışmada, geçmiş dönemlerde meydana gelen kuraklıkların karakteristik özellikleri incelenmiş, seçilen indislerin bölge için uygulanabilirliği, performansları ve arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; i) seçilen indisler için kısa zaman ölçeklerinde kurak dönemlerin frekansının çok fazla olduğu, zaman ölçeği arttıkça kurak dönemlerin frekansında azalma meydana geldiği, ii) zaman ölçeği arttıkça kuraklık eğiliminin daha belirgin hale geldiği ve kuraklık genliklerinde ve sürelerinde artış olduğu, iii) aynı zaman ölçeklerinde tüm indisler arasındaki korelasyon değerlerinin genel olarak %85 üzerinde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca havzada meydana gelen en şiddetli kuraklıkların genel olarak 1973, 1986, 1994, 2001, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2020 ve 2021 yıllarında yaşandığı saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma, Kızılırmak Havzası için farklı kuraklık indislerinin değerlendirilmesi ile ileride yapılacak çalışmalara temel oluşturması açısından önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır.Drought is a natural phenomenon that occurs when precipitation falls significantly below recorded normal levels, adversely affecting land and water resources, and disrupting the hydrological balance. Drought is classified under four categories: meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socioeconomic drought. In this study, meteorological drought analysis was carried out by using monthly average precipitation data of 21 stations (Bafra, Boğazlıyan, Boyabat, Çankırı, Çiçekdağı, Develi, Gemerek, Ilgaz, Kaman, Kastamonu, Kayseri, Keskin, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevşehir, Osmancık, Sivas, Tosya, Ürgüp, Yozgat and Zara) in Kızılırmak Basin between 1960 and 2022. For this purpose, drought index values were calculated at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month time scales with the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Z-Score Index (ZSI), China-Z Index (CZI) and Modified China-Z Index (MCZI) methods, which are rainfall-based meteorological drought indices. In the study, the characteristics of the droughts that occurred in the past periods were analysed and the applicability of the selected indices for the region, their performance and the relationships between them were evaluated. According to the results obtained; i) for the selected indices, it was determined that the frequency of arid periods was very high at short time scales, and as the time scale increased, the frequency of arid periods decreased, ii) as the time scale increased, the drought trend became more pronounced and the drought amplitudes and durations increased, iii) the correlation values between all indices at the same time scales were generally above 85%. In addition, it was determined that the most severe droughts in the basin were generally experienced in 1973, 1986, 1994, 2001, 2007, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2020 and 2021. This study provides important information in terms of evaluating different drought indices for the Kızılırmak Basin and providing a basis for future studies
Evaluation of tumor-suppressive properties and apoptotic functions of Mad Honey and Vincristine applications in a rat model of breast cancer
No full textIn this study, the suppressive effects of vincristine and Turkish mad honey alone and in co-applications were biochemically, hematologically, and histopathologically investigated in a mammary tumor model induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. A total of 72 rats, 43-49 days old, were divided into 6 groups of 12 rats each. The control group (CG) consisted of healthy rats. The vehicle group (VG) received only vehicle substance and the cancer control group (CCG) was given only DMBA. DMBA and the honey group (HG) given group. DMBA and the vincristine (VinG) given group, and DMBA, the vincristine-honey group (VHG) received both Turkish mad honey and vincristine. Turkish mad honey and/or vincristine was given in the last 4 weeks of the 13-week trial period. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts differed significantly in the CCG and VG groups. Alanine transaminase and total protein levels were higher in the CCG and VinG groups. Aspartate transaminase was higher in the CCG, HG and VG groups. Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels were in the HG and VHG groups significantly higher than CCG. In caspase-8 protein level VHG significantly higher than other groups. Caspase-9 protein level was in CG and VG groups significantly lower than other groups. Bcl-xL increased more in the CCG group. Anaplasia was reduced in the HG and VinG groups, although apoptosis and other cellular damages increased. It was concluded that mad honey and vincristine could be considered together as effective therapeutic agents in this model of DMBA-induced breast cancer.Ankara University Scientific Research [21B0239002]This study was supported by Ankara University Scientific Research Grant No: 21B0239002