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Factors influencing the prescription of add-on long-acting muscarinic antagonists in real-world asthma management: Insights from a national registry
No full textCurrent guidelines recommend adding long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) in patients with uncontrolled asthma, despite the use of moderate to high doses of inhaled steroid-long-acting beta agonists (ICS/LABA). This study aims to analyze the factors related to the prescription of add-on LAMA in clinical practice for asthma patients, shedding light on physicians’ preferences. This study included adult asthma patients on add-on LAMA and ICS/LABA monitored for at least one year in a national registry comprising 2053 asthmatics. Patients’ characteristics and disease profiles were analyzed to identify factors associated with the prescription of add-on LAMA across the entire cohort. A comparative analysis was performed among three groups: MART (ICS/formoterol as a maintenance and reliever therapy) plus LAMA, Conventional (ICS/LABA as a maintenance and short-acting beta agonist as reliever) plus LAMA and Triple (ICS/LABA/LAMA single inhaler). LAMAs were added to ICS/LABA in 11.7 % of patients in the national registry. Logistic regression analysis revealed that older age, low FEV1 (%), Asthma Control Test (ACT) scores less than 20, and severe exacerbation were the main factors influencing the initiation of LAMA in our registry. However, demographic characteristics of asthma, control status, pulmonary function test results were similar among the three groups of LAMA users (p > 0.05). Physicians used LAMAs without phenotyping based on allergic status or eosinophil levels (p > 0.05). Mepolizumab was added after LAMA in all patients, while omalizumab was initiated before LAMA in 16.9 % of the patients receiving LAMA along with biologics. Add-on LAMAs were predominantly prescribed for older, uncontrolled, and exacerbated asthma patients with low FEV1. © 2024 Elsevier LtdTurkish Thoracic Society, (Y-083-2021
Emerging of high entropy alloy reinforced composites radiation shielding materials: Configurational structure and radiation shielding properties
No full textIn this study, equimolar high entropy FeCoNiCrNb nanocrystal material was added to 2024 quality aluminum alloy with powder metallurgy technique at 2 %, 4 %, 8 %, 16 %, 32 % and 64 % weight ratios to obtain nanocomposite structures. The microstructures of the obtained composite samples were examined by SEM imaging, elemental distributions by EDS analysis and phase structures by XRD analysis techniques. Then, in order to examine the radiation shielding feature, measurements were carried out with HPGe detector using 241Am, 133Ba, 57Co, 137Cs, 54Mn, and 60Co point sources with gamma energy in the energy range of 59.5 keV-1332.5 keV. In the final stage of the study, a series of mechanical property assessments were conducted on the nanocomposite structures, including hardness measurements, compressive strength tests and abrasive wear tests. In SEM examinations, it was observed that there was homogeneity in the surface grain distribution and the homogeneity gradually improved with the increase in the FeCoNiCrNb reinforcement ratio. However, it was determined that the increasing reinforcement amount caused agglomeration in places. The chemical presence of main matrix aluminum and high entropy reinforcement elements was determined by EDAX analysis. From the XRD analyses of composite structures, it has been determined that the Al phase is the dominant phase within the structure, the HEA alloy maintains its stability, and no interphase has formed between the HEA alloy and the main matrix. According to the linear attenuation coefficient, radiation protection efficiency, mean free path, and half value layer data obtained from this experimental study, it was concluded that the high entropy FeCoNiCrNb material provides a large amount of gamma-ray radiation shielding property, especially in the low energy region (92 % shielding efficiency at 59.5 keV, 76 % at 81 keV). Additionally, it has been determined that the hardness, compressive strength and abrasive wear resistance of composite structures are increased with the addition of high entropy FeCoNiCrNb. © 2024 Elsevier B.V
Hospital Food Waste Trends: A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textObjective: Food waste in hospitals has a significant impact on environmental sustainability. The effect of food waste includes the potential for pollution, eutrophication, and global warming, all of which are highly destructive to the Earth’s ecology. This study aims to determine the trends of hospital food service based on hospital waste to achieve a sustainable hospital. Material and Methods: This study examined 137 articles from the Scopus database using the descriptive-analytic method. The records issued between 2018 to 2022 that were gathered based on the keywords “hospital,” and “food,” and “waste” were used in this exploration investigation. Results: The result indicated that the three-year (93 papers) analysis trend of hospital food waste has been toward developing sustainable hospitals. The top three keywords are waste (3.3%), food (3.09%), and hospital (2.06%). The hospital food waste was positively associated with the food, food service, and hospital assessment, with correlation values ranging from 0.76 to 0.85 (p-value?0.70). The cluster’s themes on hospital food were waste food contamination (36.13%), environmental sustainability (34.45%), and hospital food services (29.4%). Conclusion: Addressing hospital food waste is crucial for achieving sustainable hospital development. Managing food waste is essential to achieve sustainability in hospitals as it produces the highest amount compared to other sectors. © 2024 JHSMR. Hosted by Prince of Songkla University. All rights reserved
On constraint manifolds of planar and spherical mechanisms in Lorentzian space
No full textThis study aims to investigate the algebraic forms of the constraint manifolds of 4 R and 6 R planar and spherical closed chains in Lorentzian space. For this purpose, firstly, the structure equations of closed chains are obtained by using the structure equations of planar and spherical open chains in Lorentzian space. Then, using these equations, the algebraic forms of the constraint manifolds of 4 R and 6 R planar and spherical closed chains in spacelike and timelike mechanisms are constructed and it is shown which curves these manifolds correspond to
E-Devlet ve E-Katılım Bağlamında Türkiye ve AB Dijital Toplum İstatistiklerinin Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
No full textThis study comparatively analyzes the digital society statistics of Türkiye and the European Union (EU) in terms of e-government and e-participation. Data on internet access, usage, and digital capabilities presents individuals’ opportunities for internet usage and their usage tendencies. This study utilizes data provided by Eurostat on the interaction between individuals and government, as well as on the use of the internet for e-government and e-participation in Türkiye and the EU. Data on e-government and e-participation are useful for evaluating the relationship between individuals and government mechanisms in a digital society. E-government platforms offer speed and efficiency in delivering public services. The internet creates new channels for interaction with public offices. New participation tools are being used with their capabilities for communication, networking, and information exchange to influence decision-making mechanisms. There is broad literature on the use of internet for the purposes of e-government and e-participation in Türkiye. However, there is limited researches focusing on Türkiye’s situation in this context, comparing it with the EU using current data. This study provides an overview of the current situation in Türkiye compared to the EU and concludes with the suggestions emphasizing Türkiye's strengths and weaknesses.Bu çalışmada Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliğinin (AB) e-devlet ve e-katılım bakımından dijital toplum istatistikleri karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmektedir. İnternet erişimi, internet kullanımı ve dijital becerilerle ilgili veriler bireylerin internet kullanım olanaklarıyla ve eğilimleri ilgili bilgi vermektedir. Bu çalışma Türkiye ve AB ülkelerinde bireyler ve devlet arasındaki etkileşim ve e-devlet ve e-katılım amacıyla internet kullanımına ilişkin Eurostat tarafından sağlanan verilerden yararlanmaktadır. E-devlet ve e-katılım verileri, dijital toplumda bireyler ve yönetim mekanizmaları arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmek için işlevseldir. E-devlet platformları kamu hizmetlerinden yararlanırken hız ve verimlilik sağlamaktadır. Internet ile kamu kurumlarıyla etkileşim gerçekleştirme kanalları oluşmaktadır. Yeni katılım araçları iletişim, ağ kurma ve haberleşme gibi olanaklarıyla karar alma mekanizmalarını etkilemek amacıyla kullanılmaktadır. Türkiye’de, e-devlet ve e-katılım amacıyla internet kullanımına ilişkin geniş bir literatür bulunmaktadır. Ancak, Türkiye’nin bu alanlardaki durumunu, Avrupa Birliği ile karşılaştırmalı olarak güncel verilerle inceleyen çalışma sayısı oldukça sınırlıdır. Çalışma, Türkiye’de mevcut durumun analizi AB ile karşılaştırmalı şekilde sunmakta ve Türkiye’nin güçlü ve zayıf yanlarına ilişkin önerilerle sonlanmaktadır
Ethical considerations and privacy concerns in AI-enabled libraries
No full textThe primary aim of this chapter is to discuss the ethical dilemmas and privacy concerns that the adoption of artificial intelligence technologies in libraries may bring.In particular, it addresses how artificial intelligence can be used in library services and the associated risks, such as bias, discrimination, lack of transparency, and violations of data privacy. Also explores how artificial intelligence systems can impact human-machine interaction and the potential for replacing library staff. © 2024 by IGI Global. All rights reserved
Comparison of milk microbiota between healthy and mastitic cows
No full textMammary gland infections occur due to bacterial changes in the mammary tissue. Studies conducted in recent years have reported variations in the most common bacteria differ according to geographical locations. California mastitis test (CMT), somatic cell count (SCC), and aerobic colony count (ACC) analyses were performed on approximately 50 mL of hygienically collected raw milk samples. Raw milk was also subjected to conventional bacteriological isolation and identification. Bacterial diversity and rates in raw milk were compared through metagenome analysis. Two samples, one from healthy milk and another from subclinical milk with mastitis, were independently tested to determine whether there were differences in the percentages (%) of bacterial phylum and genera detected as a result of metagenome analysis. As a result of the conventional isolation and identification of raw milk, EscherichiaShigella, Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Lactococcus, Glutamicibacter and Bacillus genera, and Enterobacteriaceae family were frequently detected, respectively. As a result of metagenome analysis, the following phyla were detected in healthy raw milk: Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (7/7), Bacteroidota (6/7), and Actinobacteriota (4/7). In raw milk with subclinical mastitis, the detected phyla were Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (27/29), Actinobacteriota (11/29), and Bacteroidota (10/29). As a result of the statistical analysis, the frequency of Bacteriodata in healthy milk samples, as well as Enhydrobacter, Enterobacteriaceae, Paenibacillus, Macrococcus, Spingobacterium, and Others, were significantly higher than the incidence in milk samples with subclinical mastitis. The only exception was observed in Escherichia-Shigella genera, where the opposite situation was evident. As a result of metagenome studies conducted on the raw milk of animals with both healthy and subclinical mastitis, significant differences were detected in some phyla and genera. The findings of our study will shed light on mastitis treatment studies by improving the microbiota.Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Kimath;rimath;kkkale University [2021/121]Acknowledgment This work was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of K & imath;r & imath;kkkale University (project number: 2021/121)
Thermal impacts on the erosion of compacted bentonite under flow rate
No full textCompacted bentonite is widely used as a filling and barrier material for underground storage of spent nuclear fuel waste due to its favorable properties. Over its design life, this compacted clay may be exposed to groundwater from the surrounding host rock. Depending on the modeling approaches and assumptions, the temperature to which the compacted bentonite will be exposed can vary. This paper presents the findings of laboratory investigations on the erosion of compacted bentonite at ambient temperature (26 degrees C) and elevated temperature (80 degrees C) temperatures. The compacted bentonite samples, with dry densities of 1.72 g/cm3 and 1.73 g/cm3 were subjected to erosion under a flow rate of 0.22 ml/min at 26 degrees C and 80 degrees C, respectively. The dynamic light scattering (DLS) method was employed to measure the size and quantity of the eroded particles. The amount of daily erosion and the size of the eroded particles were determined from effluent samples. The results indicate that the amount of eroded bentonite particles increased significantly with increasing temperature. Additionally, as temperature increased, the size of bentonite particles in the effluent decreased within a specific range. At 26 degrees C, particle sizes ranged from 59 to 6358 nm, whereas at 80 degrees C, the particle size distribution narrowed
Kaynaştırmaya İlişkin Sunulan Yeterlik Eğitiminin Öğretmen Adaylarının Kaynaştırmaya Yönelik Yeterliklerine ve Tutumlarına Olan Etkisi: İyi Bir Kaynaştırma İyi Bir Uygulayıcı İster Projesi
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı ileride kaynaştırma ortamında çalışması muhtemel olan öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırmaya ilişkin yeterliğinin artırılmasını sağlamak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen TÜBİTAK destekli bir proje (No: 1129B372200966) kapsamında verilen 30 saatlik bir yeterlik eğitiminin öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırmaya yönelik yeterliklerine ve tutumlarına olan etkisini incelemektedir. Araştırmada deneysel modellerden birisi olan tek grup ön test-son test desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin farklı üniversitelerinde dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim görmekte olan 39 öğretmen adayı oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacıların uzman görüşleriyle oluşturmuş olduğu “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, Sharma, Loreman ve Forlin’in (2011) geliştirip Bayar’ın (2015) Türkçe’ye uyarlama çalışmasını yaptığı “Kaynaştırma Uygulamalarında Öğretmen Yeterliği Ölçeği” ve Ergin (2019) tarafından geliştirilen “Kaynaştırma Tutumları Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında elde edilen veriler SPSS programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Verilerin analizi için Bağımlı Gruplar t-Testi ve betimleyici istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarına verilen yeterlik eğitiminin öğretmen adaylarının kaynaştırmaya ilişkin yeterliklerini ve kaynaştırmaya ilişkin olumlu tutumlarını artırmada etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca sunulan eğitimin öğretmen adaylarının olumsuz tutumlarını da azalttığı belirlenmiştir
A single-valued neutrosophic CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR decision support model for the financial performance analysis: A study of technology companies
No full textFinancial performance stands as a fundamental performance indicator that reflects companies' current financial conditions, providing information to investors and stakeholders about companies' financial well-being. In this research, a decision support system is developed for identifying the financial performance of companies traded on stock exchanges. This decision support system is based on a multicriteria decision -making (MCDM) approach and neutrosophic logic. The research introduces a novel method for calculating and ranking financial performance, using financial ratio indicators as selection criteria. The importance levels of financial ratio indicators are weighted through two different approaches. In the first approach, expert opinions and criteria importance assessment (CIMAS)-based on single -valued neutrosophic (SVN) sets are utilized for calculation. In the second approach, criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) -based on reference -based normalization processes is employed for criteria weighting. Subsequently, the results of the two criterion weightings are combined to calculate the final criterion weights. The SVN reference -based normalization alternative ranking (RBNAR) method is presented for ranking companies based on their financial performance. Thus, SVN-CIMASCRITIC-RBNAR is developed and its algorithm is presented. The novel hybrid decision support model is applied to a case study of technology companies traded on the Borsa Istanbul. The research results support the applicability of the SVN-CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR hybrid method. The results of the case study and sensitivity analyses affirm the applicability and robustness of the SVN-CIMAS-CRITIC-RBNAR hybrid model. The research provides detailed implications and insights for financial managers