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Morphometric, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural examination of age-related structural alterations in optic nerve
No full textAims: As individuals age, there is a known decline in visual function attributed to a reduction in the optic nerve fibers and myelin sheath degeneration. Studies present conflicting findings on whether aging affects axonal integrity in the human optic nerve. This study aims to investigate degenerative changes in the aging rat optic nerve. Methods: The investigation involved 36 Wistar albino rats. The rats were divided into six groups: the newborn, prepubertal, pubertal, junior, adult, and elderly groups. This study investigated optic nerve axon counts, axon diameters, levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity (GFAP-IR) and nerve growth factor immunoreactivity (NGF-IR), as well as findings from light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) in these groups. Results: This study observed age-related alterations in rat optic nerves, including increased diameter, irregular axon count fluctuations (both increases and decreases), elevated astrocyte count, and a simultaneous decline in oligodendrocyte count. Additionally, it was observed that NGF-IR was predominantly at the membrane level in newborns and moderately in the cytoplasm, whereas in older ages, it was evident at both cellular and axonal levels furthermore, it was observed that GFAP-IR increased with age. However, in LM and EM examinations, axonal loss and rarefaction, accumulation of osmiophilic substances, splitting of the myelin sheath, vacuolization, axonal retraction were observed. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that one of the causes of age-related vision loss is the advanced degenerative changes in the optic nerve and it was concluded that the remaining small-diameter myelinated nerve fibers may partially compensate for the sense of vision. Our study reveals that age-related degenerative changes in the central nervous system resemble those in multiple sclerosis (MS), suggesting a potential contribution to MS pathogenesis
?AV?Ü’L-ME?ÂLÎ ŞERHİNİN MUHTEVASI ve METODU ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME
No full textWith the spread of Islam across various geographical regions, numerous sects and intellectual groups emerged, producing a wealth of works aligned with their values. Among these, the most prominent are the poetic and prose works that elucidate the beliefs of Ahl as-Sunnah. The Qasida al-Am?l?, regarded as the first poetic work on the creed of Ahl as-Sunnah, gained significant popularity, was taught in madrasas, translated into various languages, and extensively commented upon. The Daw'u'l-ma’ali commentary on the qasida, with its philological insights, occupies an exceptional place in Arabic language and rhetoric, thus inspiring a desire among scholars of Arabic poetry to study it. In this study, a brief overview of al-Ushi and the Qasida al-Am?l? will be provided, along with an examination of its most renowned commentary, Daw'u'l-ma’ali. The commentary method and the content of the commentator Ali al-Qari will be attempted to be elucidated.İslam dininin farklı coğrafyalara yayılmasıyla ortaya çıkan mezhepler ve düşünce grupları, değerleri doğrultusunda pek çok eser vermiştir. Bunlardan en öne çıkanı Ehl-i sünnet inancını anlatan nazım ve nesir türündeki eserlerdir. Ehl-i sünnet akaidi hakkında ilk manzum eser sayılan Emâlî Kasidesi çok rağbet görmüş, medreselerde okutulmuş, tercümeleri yapılmış, nice şerhleri yazılmıştır. Kasidenin ?av?ü’l-me?âlî şerhi, filolojik temaslarıyla Arap dili ve belagati açısından müstesna bir yere konumlanmış, bu sebeple Arap şiirine kıymet verenlerde incelenme arzusu uyandırmıştır. Bu çalışmamızda el-Ûşî ve Emâlî Kasidesi hakkında kısa bilgi vermekle beraber, en meşhur şerhi olan ?av?ü’l-me?âlî’yi ele alacağız. Şarih olan Ali el-K?rî’nin şerh metodunu ve şerhin muhtevasını izaha çalışacağız
K-12 TEACHERS' PERCEIVED EXPERIENCES WITH DISTANCE EDUCATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A META-SYNTHESIS STUDY
No full textA sudden shift to distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic inTurkiye strained teaching and learning activities, placing K-12 teachers in a novel context with challenges and opportunities to investigate. This study explores the teaching experiences and opinions of K-12 teachers during the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on challenges, advantages, and suggestions. Search queries were executed in leading databases (DergiPark, ULAKBIM TRDizin) to locate potential studies. Twenty-two studies meeting the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected to a rigorous and iterative thematic analysis using the qualitative meta- synthesis approach. The results revealed significant challenges categorized into ten themes: shortcomings in technology and infrastructure, student motivation and engagement, technology literacy, and social and emotional well-being. The results also highlighted key advantages of distance education in eight categories such as learning improvement, flexibility and convenience, and digital tools and resources. Additionally, the study identified valuable suggestions that contribute to the success of distance education, such as adapting curriculum, increasing access to technology, strengthening internet infrastructure, providing teacher training and support, developing engaging and interactive instructional materials, and improving communication and collaboration between students and teachers. The study results inform the development of evidence- based practices and policies that can support K-12 teachers in providing quality online education during times of crisis
Investigation of the biocompatibility and in vivo wound healing effect of Cotinus coggygria extracts
No full textCotinus coggygria is widely recognized its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihemorrhagic, and wound-healing properties. In this, aimed to evaluate the phenolic contents, cytotoxicity/proliferation, hemolytic, antimicrobial, genotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic activities, and in vivo wound healing effects of C. coggygria, , a plant species known to have beneficial effects on wound healing. TOF-LC/MS analyzes revealed that the methanol extract of C. coggygria leaves contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds such as gallic acid (18.5 mg/kg), catechin (4.6 mg/kg), protocatesic acid (0.6 mg/kg), vanillic acid (8.4 mg/kg), ellagic acid (0.1 mg/kg), rosmarinic acid (0.1 mg/kg), quercetin (15 ppb) and C. coggygria stems contained such as gallic acid (24.6 mg/kg), catechin (155.1 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (1.9 mg/kg), 4hydroxybenzoic acid (383.3 mg/kg), rutin (2.5 mg/kg), ellagic acid (15.1 mg/kg), apigenin 7-glycoside (10.5 mg/kg), rosmarinic acid (0,4 mg/kg), quercetin (15.2 mg/kg), naringenin (279.1 mg/kg). Consequently, C. coggyria has a positive effect on wound healing with antibacterial properties, particularly against E. coli, and without cytotoxic, genotoxic, or hemolytic effects at test concentrations. In the in vivo burn model, wounds treated with leaf and stem extracts healed faster than the control group. Thus, C. coggygria is an effective plant for wound healing with antibacterial properties, particularly against E. coli, and without cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hemolytic effects.Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology SANTEZ of the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology [0352.STZ.2013-2]This study was financially supported by the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology SANTEZ Project No. 0352.STZ.2013-2 of the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology
Typographic image applications in museum education through A/r/tographic inquiry: The case of the Word Museum
No full textSosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Güzel Sanatlar Eğitimi Ana Bilim Dalı, Resim Bilim DalıSon yıllarda yazının bir ifade aracı olarak sanat ve tasarım alanlarındaki kullanımının etkileri dijital çağda çok hızlı değişim göstermektedir. Etkili iletişim kurmaya yönelik estetik formlar, görsel unsurlar, ekranlarda bir anda kavranabilen düşünselliği tetikleyen metinler birçok araştırmacıyı da sanat alanında yeni çalışmalar gerçekleştirmeye teşvik etmektedir. Özellikle sanat temelli araştırmalarda bilgisayarda tasarım programlarından fotoşop ve illüstratör gibi dijital araçlarla şekillenen görsel, işitsel unsurların yanında dramatik metinlerin de araştırmaların içerisinde yer alması araştırmacıların da sürecin sonunda farklı deneyimleri yaşamasını sağlamaktadır. Bu raştırmada ise grafik tasarım alanının yanında deneysel tipografide kullanılan yöntemlerin aynı zamanda sanat temelli araştırma yöntemleri kapsamında kullanımının da araştırma süreçlerinin oluşumuna ve çıktılarına yönelik etkileri araştırılmıştır. Bu bağlamda araştırmada, kelimelerin görselleştirilmesi noktasında bizlere ışık tutan Kelime Müzesi'nde bulunan kelimeler deneyselliğin içerisinde özellikle yapıbozum/yapısöküm, rastgelelik, doğaçlama gibi belirlenmiş ilke ve hedeflerin dışındaki müzede deneyimlerin sanat temelli araştırmalar bağlamında incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada sanat temelli araştırmalarda alternatif bir uygulama yöntemlerinden biri olan a/r/tografi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına yönelik derinlemesine bilgi elde edebilmek için, öz değerlendirme yazıları, şiirler kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca a/r/tografi'nin deneysel tipografi ile kullanılmasının etkileri araştırmacının sanatsal ifadelerindeki sorgulamalarında araştırma bulgularına yansıtılmıştır. Sonuç olarak; araştırmanın genel hatlarını oluşturan tipografiyi doğru ve güçlü bir yapıya ulaşması ancak yeni düşünce biçimlerinin ortaya konulması, problemlerin tespiti ve tipografinin gelişimi için alternatif mekanların ve yaklaşımların sanat araştırmalarındaki kullanımı ile mümkün olduğu görülmüştür.In recent years, the effects of using writing as a means of expression in the fields of art and design have evolved rapidly in the digital age. Aesthetic forms aimed at effective communication, visual elements, and texts that trigger thought and can be grasped instantly on screens are encouraging many researchers to undertake new studies in the field of art. Particularly in art-based research, the inclusion of visual and auditory elements shaped by digital tools from computer design programs such as photoshop and illustrators, along with dramatic texts, allows researchers to experience different outcomes by the end of the process. In this research investigates the impacts of using methods from experimental typography alongside the field of graphic design within the scope of art-based research methods on the formation and outcomes of research processes. In this context, the research aims to examine, which sheds light on the visualization of words in the research the experiences within the museum that fall outside the specified principles and goals—such as deconstruction, randomness, and improvisation—through art-based research. The study employs the a/r/tography method, an alternative practice method in art-based research. To obtain in- depth information aimed at the purpose of the study, self-assessment writings and poems were used. Moreover, the effects of using a/r/tography with experimental typography were reflected in the research findings in the researcher's inquiries into artistic expressions. As a result, it is observed that achieving a correct and powerful structure in typography, which forms the general outline of the research, is possible through the introduction of new ways of thinking, the identification of problems, and the use of alternative spaces and approaches in art research for the development of typography
Heterogeneity of sensitization profiles and clinical phenotypes among patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis in Southern European countries-The @IT.2020 multicenter study
No full textBackground: Pollen allergy poses a significant health and economic burden in Europe. Disease patterns are relatively homogeneous within Central and Northern European countries. However, no study broadly assessed the features of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) across different Southern European countries with a standardized approach. Objective: To describe sensitization profiles and clinical phenotypes of pollen allergic patients in nine Southern European cities with a uniform methodological approach. Methods: Within the @IT.2020 multicenter observational study, pediatric and adult patients suffering from SAR were recruited in nine urban study centers located in seven countries. Clinical questionnaires, skin prick tests (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE) tests with a customized multiplex assay (Euroimmun Labordiagnostika, Lubeck, Germany) were performed. Results: Three hundred forty-eight children (mean age 13.1 years, SD: 2.4 years) and 467 adults (mean age 35.7 years SD: 10.0 years) with a predominantly moderate to severe, persistent phenotype of SAR were recruited. Grass pollen major allergenic molecules (Phl p 1 and/or Phl p 5) ranged among the top three sensitizers in all study centers. Sensitization profiles were very heterogeneous, considering that patients in Rome were highly poly-sensitized (sIgE to 3.8 major allergenic molecules per patient), while mono-sensitization was prominent and heterogeneous in other cities, such as Marseille (sIgE to Cup a 1: n = 55/80, 68.8%) and Messina (sIgE to Par j 2: n = 47/82, 57.3%). Co-sensitization to perennial allergens, as well as allergic comorbidities also broadly varied between study centers. Conclusions: In Southern European countries, pollen allergy is heterogeneous in terms of sensitization profiles and clinical manifestations. Despite the complexity, a unique molecular, multiplex, and customized in-vitro IgE test detected relevant sensitization in all study centers. Nevertheless, this geographical diversity in pollen allergic patients imposes localized clinical guidelines and study protocols for clinical trials of SAR in this climatically complex region.Euroimmun; [118583]This study was supported by an unrestricted educational grant from Euroimmun (code 118583). We thank all participants and the entire study team. We remember our esteemed colleague Giovanni Battista Pajno who passed away on April 11, 2022 and whose remarkable work has contributed significantly to this project, but also to research in allergology and Immunology in general. Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL
EL-KADİ EL-CORCANİ’NİN EL-VASATA ADLI KİTABINDA ÖRNEK KASİDE
No full textEl-Corcani, Hicri 4.yüzyılın önemli eleştirmenlerinden biri sayılmaktadır. El-Vasata adlı kitabı; Mutenebbi’nin yanlışlarından bahsedenlere cevap verdiği eleştiri kriterlerinden yola çıkarak Mutenebbi’yi savunduğu eleştirel çabanın bir ürünüdür. Bu çalışma; bu eleştirmenin zihniyetinde önemli bir eleştirel kriter olan örnek kaside üzerinde durmaktadır. El-Corcani’ye göre kasidenin örnek bir kaside olması için belirli özelliklere sahip olması gerekir. Çalışma; Hicri 4.yüzyıl eleştirisine yönelik genel bir önsöz ile başlamakta, ardından eleştirmen el-kKadi el-Corcani’nin yaşamını ve kitabı el-Vasata’yı tanıtmaktadır. Daha sonra el-Corcani’nin örnek kaside için benimsediği eleştirel kriterleri ortaya koymakta ve önemli sonuçları içeren bir son ile bitmektedir. Em önemli sonuç ise el-Corcani’nin örnek kaside için el-Vasata adlı kitabında kriter belirlemiş olmasıdır. Bu kriterler şöyle özetlenebilir: Beyitler uygun olması, kenarların eşit olması, birbiriyle uyumlu olması ve amaç-anlam çokluğuyla çok yönlü olmasıdır.Al-Jurjani is considered one of the prominent figures in literary criticism of the 4th century AH. His book "Al-Wasata" represents a critical effort in which he defended Al-Mutanabbi based on critical standards, responding to those who pointed out errors in Al-Mutanabbi's work. This research discusses an important critical criterion in Al-Jurjani's perspective: the model poem. Al-Jurjani believed that for a poem to be considered exemplary, it must possess specific qualities.The research begins with a general introduction to criticism in the 4th century AH, followed by an introduction to the life of the critic Al-Qadi Al-Jurjani and his book "Al-Wasata". It then presents the critical standards he set for the model poem in his critical thought. The research concludes with a summary of its main findings, the most significant of which is that Al-Jurjani established a critical criterion for the model poem in "Al-Wasata", which states that it must have: harmonious verses, consistent ends, coherence among its parts, and a variety of expressions across different meanings and purposes
Investigation of the Stability of a 2-DOF Rotor-Hydrodynamic Bearing System Considering Thermal Effects
No full textHidrodinamik yataklar dönel mekanik sistemlerin önemli bir elemanı olup, birçok makinada tercih edilmektedir. Ancak rotorun yüksek hızlarda ve ağır yükler altında çalıştırıldığı durumlarda, yatak-rotor sistemi, yağın ısınması sebebiyle önemli rotordinamiği problemleri ile karşı karşıya kalmaktadır. Bu çalışmada hidrodinamik yatak ile desteklenmiş rotorun statik ve dinamik karakteristikleri ve sistemin kararlılığı, yağlayıcı viskozitesinin sıcaklığa bağlı değişimi dikkate alınarak sayısal olarak incelenmiş ve farklı radyal boşluk değerleri için termal durumun sistem karakteristikleri üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmştır. Yağlayıcının yatak ve rotor yüzeyleri arasındaki akışı Dowson denklemi ile değişken viskozite için modellenmiş ve pertürbasyon denklemleri 2 serbestlik dereceli bir sistem için türetilmiştir. Yağın sıcaklık dağılımı 3 boyutlu enerji denklemi ile modellenmiş, ve yatak ile yağ arasındaki ısı transferi modele dahil edilmiştir. Geliştirilen algoritma ile pertürbasyon denklemleri ve sıcaklık modelleri eş zamanlı olarak sonlu farklar şeması ile çözülmüş, farklı çalışma koşulları ve farklı paramterler için benzetimler gerçekleştirilmiş ve sistemin kararlılığı analiz edilerek kritik hız oranları ve kritik rotor ağırlıkları incelenmiştir. Termal etkinin sistemin statik ve dinamik performans üzerinde daha küçük radyal boşluk miktarına sahip hidrodinamik yataklar için daha baskın olduğu tespit edilmiş, sistemin kararlı bölgelerinin termal etki ile birlikte azaldığı görüşmüştür.Hydrıdynamic journal bearings that is an important machine element of mechanical systems are generally preferred in a lot of machines. However, when the rotor operates with heavy loads and high speeds, the bearing-rotor system is subject to crucial rotor dynamics problems due to heat generation into the lubricant. In this study, the stability of a hydrodynamic journal bearing-rotor system was investigated taking into consideration of thermal influences on the viscosity of the lubricant, as well as static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing. The lubricant flow was modelled with Dowson’s equation for variable viscosity, and the perturbation equations were derived for 2 degrees-of-freedom system. The temperature distribution of the lubricant was modelled with a 3D energy equation, and the heat transfer between the journal and lubricant was also included in this model. These mathematical models were numerically simultaneously solved with an algorithm based on a finite difference scheme, a serial simulation was performed for different parameters under operational conditions, and critical whirl ratios and critical mass were investigated by analyzing of the stability. It was determined that the thermal effects on the static and dynamic performance characteristics are more dominant when the radial clearance becomes smaller
Amino acid surface modified bioglass: A candidate biomaterial for bone tissue engineering1
No full textBioglasses are solid materials consisted of sodium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon dioxide and phosphorus in various proportions and have used in bone tissue engineering. There have been ongoing efforts to improve the surface properties of bioglasses to increase biocompatibility and performance. The aim of the present study is to modify the bioglass surface with an amino acid mixture consisting of arginine, aspartic acid, phenylalanine, cysteine, histidine and lysine, to characterize the surface, and to evaluate the performance and biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo. The untreated bioglass, bioglass kept in simulated body fluid (SBF), and modified bioglass were used in further evaluation. After confirmation of the surface modification with FT-IR analyses and SEM analyses, MC3T3-E1 preosteoblasts adhesion on the surface was also revealed by SEM. The modified bioglass had significantly higher ALP activity in colorimetric measurement, rate of calcium accumulations in Alizarin red s staining, lower rate of cell death in Annexin-V/PI staining to determine apoptosis and necrosis. Having higher cell viability rate in MTT test and absence of genotoxicity in micronucleus test (OECD 487), the modified bioglass was further confirmed for biocompatibility in vitro. The results of the rat tibial defect model revealed that the all bioglass treatments had a significantly better bone healing score compared to the untreated negative control. However, the modified bioglass exhibited significantly better bone healing efforts especially during the first and the second months compared to the other bioglass treatment treatments. As a result, the amino acid surface modification of bioglasses improves the surface biocompatibility and osteogenic performance that makes the amino acid modified bioglass a better candidate for bone tissue engineering. Research Highlights Bioglass surface modification with amino acids contributes to bioglass-tissue interaction with an improved cell attachment. Modified bioglass increases in vitro Alp activity and calcium accumulation, and also positively affects cell behavior by supporting cell adaptation. Bioglass exerts osteogenic potential in vivo especially during early bone healing
The level of the aggression in karate athletes with different handedness and belt grades
No full textKarate athletes with different lateral talents possess different functions in terms of skills and personality characteristics in a way that handedness can be considered an advantage. Given that there is a paucity of research in the domain of personality characteristics, handedness and belt grades, the current research aims to investigate the relationship between handedness and belt grades with aggression among karate athletes. 120 male karate athletes participated. To measure handedness, we used Annette's handedness questionnaire and to measure aggression, we used Bredemeier's aggression questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed among participants one day before the tournament. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to measure the effects of belt grades and handedness on the level of aggression. The results of the study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the average level of aggression between left-handed and right-handed karate athletes. There was also no statistically significant difference in the average level of aggression between karate athletes with different belt grades